Botany / Plant Taxonomy - University of Hawaii

The research project addressed in this data curation profile is the taxonomic revision of Astelia (including 46 taxa). The current work is an expansion of previous work in which she recognized three species and four proposed varieties of Astelia in Hawaii. The data management needs revolve around making the data available following publication. The researcher believes that the morphological data would be useful to plant systematics and conservation biologists and thus making it accessible to them would be important

Laying the Foundation: Building a Collaborative OER Community at the University of Hawaii

Presentation slidesOpen Educational Resources are learning materials in the public domain or under an intellectual property license allowing free use and adaptation by others. OER is reducing the barriers to education across the U.S. In 2014 five librarians from three University of Hawaii campuses joined forces to support OER adoption throughout the University of Hawaii System. Quickly expanding the team to include instructional designers and other librarians, today 8 campuses are involved. Learn how this community developed and find out about our accomplishments to date. Join the discussion and discover the important role of academic libraries in this growing movement

Investigating Wastewater Reuse at MnDOT Truck Stations

The University of Minnesota (UMN) and the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) conducted a study to determine whether implementing a wastewater reuse program would be a feasible option for MnDOT-owned truck washing stations. MnDOT has 137 truck stations in the state, where trucks are frequently washed to remove road salt build-up. MnDOT recognized an opportunity to potentially reuse the wastewater for appropriate greywater uses and recapture the salt for road use. Sampling was done to assess the wastewater contaminants in truck wash water at 11 truck-washing stations in Minnesota. Then technologies suited to removing organics and total suspended solids (TSS) but not chlorides were reviewed. The recommendation is that either a recirculating sand filter (RSF) or a membrane bioreactor (MBR) would be feasible technologies to use for this purpose. Using the MnDOT truck station in Arden Hills, Minnesota, an economic evaluation was done. Both systems could be used to effectively treat wastewater and produce brine for reuse, but the most economical solution for MnDOT would be to invest in a MBR. Compared with a RSF, an MBR is one-third less expensive over time, primarily due to low material and installation cost as well as a lower annual maintenance costs

Book Reviews

Book Reviews: Ha'ena: Through the Eyes of the Ancestors by Carlos Andrade ; Ben: A Memoir, From Street Kid to Governor by Benjamin J. Cayetano ; Asian Settler Colonialism: From Local Governance to the Habits of Everyday Life in Hawai'i edited by Candace Fujikane and Jonathan Y. Okamura ; Encyclopedia of Islands edited by Rosemary G. Gillespie and David A. Clague ; The Healthy Ancestor: Embodied Inequality and the Revitalization of Native Hawaiian Health by Juliet McMullin ; Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend by Monica Nucciarone ; Island World: A History of Hawai'i and the United States by Gary Y. Okihiro ; A Japanese Robinson Crusoe by Jenichiro Oyabe and edited by Greg Robinson and Yujin Yaguchi ; A Tragedy of Democracy: Japanese Confinement in North America by Greg Robinso

Fatal breakthrough mucormycosis in a multivisceral transplant patient receiving micafungin: Case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Antifungal agents are routinely used in the post-transplant setting for both prophylaxis and treatment of presumed and proven fungal infections. Micafungin is an echinocandin-class antifungal with broad antifungal cover and favorable side effect profile but, notably, it has no activity against molds of the order Mucorales. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 47-year-old woman underwent multivisceral transplantation for intestinal failure-associated liver disease. She had a prolonged post-operative recovery complicated by invasive candidiasis and developed an intolerance to liposomal amphotericin B. In view of her immunosuppression, she was commenced on micafungin as prophylaxis to prevent invasive fungal infection. However, she developed acute graft versus host disease with bone marrow failure complicated by disseminated mucormycosis which was only diagnosed post mortem. DISCUSSION: Non-Aspergillus breakthrough mold infections with micafungin therapy are rare with only eight other cases having been described in the literature. Breakthrough infections have occurred within one week of starting micafungin. Diagnosis is problematic and requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and microscopic/histological examination of an involved site. The management of these aggressive infections involves extensive debridement and appropriate antifungal cover. CONCLUSION: A high level of suspicion of invasive fungal infection is required at all times in immunosuppressed patients, even those receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Early biopsy is required. Even with early recognition and aggressive treatment of these infections, prognosis is poor

Tackling antimicrobial resistance : developing and implementing antimicrobial stewardship interventions in four African commonwealth countries through a health partnership model

Peer reviewe

Proceedings of the Food and Drug Administration public workshop on pathogen reduction technologies for blood safety 2018 (Commentary, p. 3026)

On November 29, 2018, experts in the field of infectious diseases, pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) and other participants from blood centers, academia, and industry gathered at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) White Oak Campus in Silver Spring, Maryland, for a 2‐day public workshop entitled “Pathogen Reduction Technologies for Blood Safety.” The workshop opened with welcome remarks from Dr. Nicole Verdun, Director, Office of Blood Research and Review (OBRR), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, followed by introductory remarks from Dr. Peter Marks, Director, CBER, FDA. The first day of the workshop focused on blood‐borne infectious agents and their impact on blood safety, experiences of the American Red Cross, and other blood establishments in implementing FDA‐approved pathogen inactivation (PI) technology for plasma and platelets (PLTs) in the United States and novel PRTs under consideration for whole blood (WB) and red blood cells (RBCs). The second day opened with welcome remarks from Dr. Chintamani Atreya, Associate Director for Research, OBRR, CBER, FDA. The focus was on emerging innovations relevant to PRTs and potential alternatives to PRTs. The workshop concluded with remarks on insights for future research and development in this area for blood and blood product safety from infectious agents. A brief introduction of each session by the session moderator followed by a summary of the speaker presentation as submitted by the moderator and speaker are reported here

Positional Cloning of a Type 2 Diabetes Quantitative Trait Locus; Tomosyn-2, a Negative Regulator of Insulin Secretion

We previously mapped a type 2 diabetes (T2D) locus on chromosome 16 (Chr 16) in an F2 intercross from the BTBR T (+) tf (BTBR) Lepob/ob and C57BL/6 (B6) Lepob/ob mouse strains. Introgression of BTBR Chr 16 into B6 mice resulted in a consomic mouse with reduced fasting plasma insulin and elevated glucose levels. We derived a panel of sub-congenic mice and narrowed the diabetes susceptibility locus to a 1.6 Mb region. Introgression of this 1.6 Mb fragment of the BTBR Chr 16 into lean B6 mice (B6.16BT36–38) replicated the phenotypes of the consomic mice. Pancreatic islets from the B6.16BT36–38 mice were defective in the second phase of the insulin secretion, suggesting that the 1.6 Mb region encodes a regulator of insulin secretion. Within this region, syntaxin-binding protein 5-like (Stxbp5l) or tomosyn-2 was the only gene with an expression difference and a non-synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between the B6 and BTBR alleles. Overexpression of the b-tomosyn-2 isoform in the pancreatic β-cell line, INS1 (832/13), resulted in an inhibition of insulin secretion in response to 3 mM 8-bromo cAMP at 7 mM glucose. In vitro binding experiments showed that tomosyn-2 binds recombinant syntaxin-1A and syntaxin-4, key proteins that are involved in insulin secretion via formation of the SNARE complex. The B6 form of tomosyn-2 is more susceptible to proteasomal degradation than the BTBR form, establishing a functional role for the coding SNP in tomosyn-2. We conclude that tomosyn-2 is the major gene responsible for the T2D Chr 16 quantitative trait locus (QTL) we mapped in our mouse cross. Our findings suggest that tomosyn-2 is a key negative regulator of insulin secretion