English Women Doctors, Contraception and Family Planning in Transnational Perspective (1930s-70s).

This paper explores the influence of English female doctors on the creation of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) and the production and circulation of contraceptive knowledge in England and, to a lesser extent in France, between 1930 and 1970. By drawing on the writings of female doctors and proceedings of international conferences as well as the archives of the British Medical Women's Federation (MWF) and Family Planning Association (FPA), on the one hand, and Mouvement Français pour le Planning Familial (MFPF), on the other, this paper explores the agency of English female doctors at the national and transnational level. I recover their pioneering work and argue that they were pivotal in legitimising family planning within medical circles. I then turn to their influence on French doctors after World War II. Not only were English medical women active and experienced agents in the family planning movement in England; they also represented a conduit of information and training crucial for French doctors. Transfer of knowledge across the channel was thus a decisive tool for implementing family planning services in France.Swiss National Science Foundation grant number P300P1_171604

Women's medicine

Women’s medicine explores the key role played by British female doctors in the production and circulation of contraceptive knowledge and the handling of sexual disorders between the 1920s and 1970s at the transnational level, taking France as a point of comparison. This study follows the path of a set of women doctors as they made their way through the predominantly male-dominated medical landscape in establishing birth control and family planning as legitimate fields of medicine. This journey encompasses their practical engagement with birth control and later family planning clinics in Britain, their participation in the development of the international movement of birth control and family planning and their influence on French doctors. Drawing on a wide range of archived and published medical materials, this study sheds light on the strategies British female doctors used, and the alliances they made, to put forward their medical agenda and position themselves as experts and leaders in birth control and family planning research and practice

Verbrennung und Occupational Identity : Auswirkungen einer Brandverletzung im Erwachsenenalter auf die Occupational Identity

Einführung: Eine schwere Verbrennung hat grosse Folgen auf die Tätigkeiten von Brandverletzten und beeinflusst ihr ganzes Leben. Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit war es, das Erleben von Brandverletzten in Bezug auf die Veränderungen ihrer Occupational Identity nach einer Verbrennung zu beschreiben. Dies soll Fachpersonen im Gesundheitssektor unterstützen die Brandverletzten ganzheitlich wahrzunehmen und ihnen helfen ihre Interventionen anzupassen. Methodik: Mittels systematischer Literaturrecherche in Datenbanken wurden fünf Hauptstudien ausgewählt und kritisch beurteilt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien wurden im Modell der Occupational Identity nach Kielhofner (2008) zusammengetragen und anschliessend diskutiert. Ergebnisse: Brandverletzte erleben nach ihrem Unfall grosse Veränderungen in ihrer Occupational Identity, wobei diese individuell sind und sich unterschiedlich auswirken. Die eingeschlossenen Studien zeigen auf, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit zur eigenständigen Selbstpflege hoch ist. Hingegen ist die Selbstständigkeit im Bereich der Freizeit und Arbeit unterschiedlich und von den physischen Anforderungen der Aktivitäten abhängig. Die Prognose für eine annehmbare Lebensqualität nach der Rehabilitation ist für Brandverletzte initiiert. Diskussion: In dieser Arbeit war es den Autorinnen nicht möglich ein abschliessendes Bild des Erlebens von Brandverletzten zu erhalten. In der aktuellen Situation ist das Erleben dieser Veränderungen ein komplexes Konstrukt, welches verschiedene Varianten offen lässt. Die Notwendigkeit zur weiterführenden Forschung ist gegeben

Topographical aspects in the dynamics of sleep homeostasis in young men: individual patterns

BACKGROUND: Sleep homeostasis refers to the increase of sleep pressure during waking and the decrease of sleep intensity during sleep. Electroencephalography (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA; EEG power in the 0.75-4.5 Hz range) is a marker of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep intensity and can be used to model sleep homeostasis (Process S). SWA shows a frontal predominance, and its increase after sleep deprivation is most pronounced in frontal areas. The question arises whether the dynamics of the homeostatic Process S also show regional specificity. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of SWA is characteristic for an individual and may reflect traits of functional anatomy. The aim of the current study was to quantify inter-individual variation in the parameters of Process S and investigate their spatial distribution. Polysomnographic recordings obtained with 27 EEG derivations of a baseline night of sleep and a recovery night of sleep after 40 h of sustained wakefulness were analyzed. Eight healthy young subjects participated in this study. Process S was modeled by a saturating exponential function during wakefulness and an exponential decline during sleep. Empirical mean SWA per NREM sleep episode at episode midpoint served for parameter estimation at each derivation. Time constants were restricted to a physiologically meaningful range. RESULTS: For both, the buildup and decline of Process S, significant topographic differences were observed: The decline and buildup of Process S were slowest in fronto-central areas while the fastest dynamics were observed in parieto-occipital (decrease) and frontal (buildup) areas. Each individual showed distinct spatial patterns in the parameters of Process S and the parameters differed significantly between individuals. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, topographical aspects of the buildup of Process S were quantified. Our data provide an additional indication of regional differences in sleep homeostasis and support the notion of local aspects of sleep regulation