Acoustique des bulles cubiques : six oscillateurs couplés

5 pages with 4 figures, supplementary material with two figures. To appear in Physical Review Letters, with Editors' suggestionInternational audienceIn this manuscript we introduce cubic bubbles that are pinned to 3D printed millimetric frames immersed in water. Cubic bubbles are more stable over time and space than standard spherical bubbles, while still allowing large oscillations of their faces. We found that each face can be described as a harmonic oscillator coupled to the other ones. These resonators are coupled by the gas inside the cube but also by acoustic interactions in the liquid. We provide an analytical model and 3D numerical simulations predicting the resonance with a very good agreement. Acoustically, cubic bubbles prove to be good monopole sub-wavelength emitters, with non-emissive secondary surfaces modes

One channel spatio-temporal inversion of acoustic wave in reverberant cavities

International audienceIt has been recently shown that it was possible to optimally recover the Green functions from a complex wave field despite of a non-isotropic distribution of noise sources. The method used is based on a particular use of the inverse filter (IF) formalism which is called the passive IF. Based on this formalism, we have investigated the possibility to control the spatio-temporal degrees of freedom in a reverberant cavity for the focusing of waves (active processes). The understanding of this phenomenon can be very useful in a lot of different applications like in acoustical imaging, seismology, or telecommunications. In the present work, the spatio-temporal focalization of ultrasounds in reverberant cavities is studied using medical arrays and water tanks. Through experiments, a complete spatio-temporal inversion is realized to synthesize optimized emitting signals. The result generalizes the focalization control over a spatial vector and during an arbitrary time window

Cavité réverbérante et résonateurs sub-longueur d'onde : approches numériques et expérimentales

This thesis is divided into two parts. First, we present a new technique for focusing waves with one emitter in reverberant cavity (OCIF) inspired by inverse filter algorithm. Through the experimental study of reverberant cavities in the field of ultrasound, we demonstrate the ability of the OCIF to optimize the focusing no matter what type of cavity (ergodic type or not). In a second part, we investigate the propagation of elastic waves in a system formed by a set of aluminum rods glued to a thin plate of the same material. These rods form a set of quasi-punctual resonators in the propagation plane of waves. It is possible to arrange them periodically or randomly on a subwavelength scale. The metamaterial thus formed shows a complex wave field within it, including the presence of wide prohibited frequency ranges (bandgaps). The experimental and numerical approaches described in this manuscript show the existence of both flexural and compressional resonances in the resonators. Added to the presence of a conversion of a portion of the energy from the A0 Lamb mode to the S0 one in the plate, such a complexity makes this type of metamaterials, quite unusual objects at the mesoscopic scale.Ce travail de thèse se décompose en deux parties. Tout d'abord, nous présentons une nouvelle technique de focalisation d'ondes avec un seul émetteur en cavité réverbérante (FIM) en profitant d'un algorithme inspiré du filtre inverse. Via l'étude expérimentale de cavités réverbérantes dans le domaine des ultrasons, nous démontrons la capacité du FIM à optimiser la focalisation quelle que soit le type de cavité (de type ergodique ou non). Dans une deuxième partie, la propagation d'ondes élastiques dans un système formé par un ensemble de tiges d'aluminium collées sur une plaque mince de même nature, est étudiée. Ces tiges (résonateurs quasi-ponctuels) sont arrangées de façon périodique ou aléatoire sur une échelle sub-longueur d'onde. Le métamatériau ainsi constitué révèle la présence de larges bandes de fréquences interdites. De plus, la coexistence de résonances de flexion et de compression dans les résonateurs, ajoutée à la présence d'une conversion d'une partie de l'énergie du mode A0 vers le mode S0 dans la plaque, crée une grande complexité du champ d'onde. C'est ce qui fait de ce type de métamatériau, des objets tout à fait singuliers à l'échelle mésoscopique

Reverberant cavity and sub-wavelength resonators : experimental and numerical approaches

Ce travail de thèse se décompose en deux parties. Tout d'abord, nous présentons une nouvelle technique de focalisation d'ondes avec un seul émetteur en cavité réverbérante (FIM) en profitant d'un algorithme inspiré du filtre inverse. Via l'étude expérimentale de cavités réverbérantes dans le domaine des ultrasons, nous démontrons la capacité du FIM à optimiser la focalisation quelle que soit le type de cavité (de type ergodique ou non). Dans une deuxième partie, la propagation d'ondes élastiques dans un système formé par un ensemble de tiges d'aluminium collées sur une plaque mince de même nature, est étudiée. Ces tiges (résonateurs quasi-ponctuels) sont arrangées de façon périodique ou aléatoire sur une échelle sub-longueur d'onde. Le métamatériau ainsi constitué révèle la présence de larges bandes de fréquences interdites. De plus, la coexistence de résonances de flexion et de compression dans les résonateurs, ajoutée à la présence d'une conversion d'une partie de l'énergie du mode A0 vers le mode S0 dans la plaque, crée une grande complexité du champ d'onde. C'est ce qui fait de ce type de métamatériau, des objets tout à fait singuliers à l'échelle mésoscopique.This thesis is divided into two parts. First, we present a new technique for focusing waves with one emitter in reverberant cavity (OCIF) inspired by inverse filter algorithm. Through the experimental study of reverberant cavities in the field of ultrasound, we demonstrate the ability of the OCIF to optimize the focusing no matter what type of cavity (ergodic type or not). In a second part, we investigate the propagation of elastic waves in a system formed by a set of aluminum rods glued to a thin plate of the same material. These rods form a set of quasi-punctual resonators in the propagation plane of waves. It is possible to arrange them periodically or randomly on a subwavelength scale. The metamaterial thus formed shows a complex wave field within it, including the presence of wide prohibited frequency ranges (bandgaps). The experimental and numerical approaches described in this manuscript show the existence of both flexural and compressional resonances in the resonators. Added to the presence of a conversion of a portion of the energy from the A0 Lamb mode to the S0 one in the plate, such a complexity makes this type of metamaterials, quite unusual objects at the mesoscopic scale

Directional cloaking of flexural waves in a plate with a locally resonant metamaterial

International audienceThis paper deals with the numerical design of a directional invisibility cloak for backward scattered elastic waves propagating in a thin plate (A 0 Lamb waves). The directional cloak is based on a set of resonating beams that are attached perpendicular to the plate and are arranged at a sub-wavelength scale in ten concentric rings. The exotic effective properties of this locally resonant metamaterial ensure coexistence of bandgaps and directional cloaking for certain beam configurations over a large frequency band. The best directional cloaking was obtained when the resonators' length decreases from the central to the outermost ring. In this case, flexural waves experience a vanishing index of refraction when they cross the outer layers, leading to a frequency bandgap that protects the central part of the cloak. Numerical simulation shows that there is no back-scattering in these configurations. These results might have applications in the design of seismic-wave protection devices

Mimicking the cochlea with an active acoustic metamaterial

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Negative index metamaterial through multi-wave interactions: numerical proof of the concept of low-frequency Lamb-wave multiplexing

AbstractWe study numerically the potential of a multimodal elastic metamaterial to filter and guide Lamb waves in a plate. Using a sub-wavelength array of elongated beams attached to the plate, and combining the coupling effects of the longitudinal and flexural motion of these resonators, we create narrow transmission bands at the flexural resonances of the beams inside the wide frequency bandgap induced by their longitudinal resonance. The diameter of the beams becomes the tuning parameter for selection of the flexural leakage frequency, without affecting the main bandgap. Finally, by combination of the monopolar and dipolar scattering effects associated with the coupled beam and plate system, we create a frequency-based multiplexer waveguide in a locally resonant metamaterial.</jats:p

Breast Cancer Subtypes and Response to Docetaxel in Node-Positive Breast Cancer: Use of an Immunohistochemical Definition in the BCIRG 001 Trial

Purpose To investigate the prognostic and predictive significance of subtyping node-positive early breast cancer by immunohistochemistry in a clinical trial of a docetaxel-containing regimen. Methods Pathologic data from a central laboratory were available for 1,350 patients (91%) from the BCIRG 001 trial of docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC) versus fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) for operable node-positive breast cancer. Patients were classified by tumor characteristics as (1) triple negative (estrogen receptor [ER]–negative, progesterone receptor [PR]–negative, HER2/neu [HER2]–negative), (2) HER2 (HER2-positive, ER-negative, PR-negative), (3) luminal B (ER-positive and/or PR-positive and either HER2-positive and/or Ki67high), and (4) luminal A (ER-positive and/or PR-positive and not HER2-positive or Ki67high), and assessed for prognostic significance and response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Results Patients were subdivided into triple negative (14.5%), HER2 (8.5%), luminal B (61.1%), and luminal A (15.9%). Three-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates (P values with luminal B as referent) were 67% (P < .0001), 68% (P = .0008), 82% (referent luminal B), and 91% (P = .0027), respectively, with hazard ratios of 2.22, 2.12, and 0.46. Improved 3-year DFS with TAC was found in the luminal B group (P = .025) and a combined ER-positive/HER2-negative group treated with tamoxifen (P = .041), with a marginal trend in the triple negatives (P = .051) and HER2 (P = .068) subtypes. No DFS advantage was seen in the luminal A population. Conclusion A simple immunopanel can divide breast cancers into biologic subtypes with strong prognostic effects. TAC significantly complements endocrine therapy in patients with luminal B subtype and, in the absence of targeted therapy, is effective in the triple-negative population