Síntesis y caracterización de un compuesto de elastómero y tereftalato de polietileno reciclados para elaboración de cunetas en vías de segundo y tercer orden en la parroquia El Rosario del cantón Guano.

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue sintetizar y caracterizar un compuesto de elastómero y tereftalato de polietileno que además de ser económico presente también excelentes propiedades mecánicas que le permita sustituir al hormigón en el recubrimiento de cunetas promoviendo de esta manera la construcción de estas estructuras. Para esto se planteó varias combinaciones del material reciclado con el cual se elaboraron diferentes probetas, unas fueron realizadas con Tereftalato de Polietileno (PET) funcionalizado tomando en cuenta que se busca con este procedimiento es mejorar la afinidad interfacial de los elementos compuestos ya que estos son inmiscibles y otras sin el material funcionalizado para tener una mejor referencia de los beneficios de utilizar sustancias tensoactivas, por otro lado se elaboraron probetas con Polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE), las muestras obtenidas fueron sometidas a pruebas de compresión, flexión y % de absorción. Con los resultados de las diferentes pruebas se puede determinar fácilmente que el material compuesto sintetizado presenta propiedades mecánicas adecuadas para el fin propuesto. Los resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza para determinar si había diferencias significativas entre muestras, en tal sentido podemos afirmar que cualquiera de las muestras diseñadas cumple con los requerimientos físico mecánicos para su aplicación. Una vez analizados los datos se pudo observar que el uso de PET y caucho permiten obtener un material resistente, pero para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas y poder usarlo como alternativa al hormigón es preciso adicionar también polietileno de alta densidad en la composición, además de las óptimas propiedades mecánicas es importante mencionar el bajo costo que supone la fabricación de un metro cúbico de cuneta con material reciclado. Por lo antes descrito se puede concluir que la utilización de material reciclado para revestimiento de cunetas es técnica y económicamente viable.The objective of this research was to synthesize and characterize an elastomer and polyethylene terephthalate compound that, in addition to being economical, also presents excellent mechanical properties that allow it to replace concrete in the lining of gutters, thus promoting the construction of these structures. For this, various combinations of recycled material were proposed with which different test tubes were made, some were made with functionalized Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) taking into account that this procedure is intended to improve the interfacial affinity of the composite elements since these are immiscible and others without the functionalized material to have a better reference of the benefits of using surface-active substances, on the other hand, test tubes were made with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the samples obtained were subjected to compression, bending and% absorption tests. With the results of the different tests, it can easily be determined that the synthesized composite material has adequate mechanical properties for the proposed purpose. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance to determine if there were significant differences between samples, in this sense, we can affirm that any of the designed samples meet the physical-mechanical requirements for its application. Once the data had been analyzed, it was observed that the use of PET and rubber allows obtaining a resistant material, but to improve the mechanical properties and be able to use it as an alternative to concrete, it is also necessary to add high-density polyethylene in the composition, in addition to the optimal ones. mechanical properties It is important to mention the low cost involved in manufacturing a cubic meter of a ditch with recycled material. From the foregoing, it can be concluded that the use of recycled material for gutter lining is technically and economically Viable

Diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de agua potable para la parroquia San Isidro del cantón Guano

Se realizó el diseño de un sistema de tratamiento de agua potable, para la parroquia San Isidro del cantón Guano, que mejorará la calidad de vida de su población. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se realizó muestreo simple, con una toma semanal en la captación del agua, por el lapso de un mes, luego de lo cual, se efectuó el análisis en el laboratorio de Análisis Técnico, de la Facultad de Ciencias de la ESPOCH. Los resultados de los análisis fueron tabulados en una hoja de cálculo, mismos que ayudaron a la identificación de las variables de proceso, adicionalmente se consideró la dotación de 120 L/h/d, para un total de 10735 habitantes proyectados a 20 años, con un caudal de 20,34 L/s, con estos valores se diseñó el sistema para potabilización, determinándose que se necesita un tanque de captación y otro de almacenamiento de 12,2 m3 cada uno, un aireador de bandejas múltiples con 4 torres de 2 metros de alto y 3 bandejas cada una. El filtro contendrá zeolita como medio filtrante y su volumen de 40 L, un tanque de cloración de 18,3 m3; este sistema fue validado por medio de un filtro compuesto por zeolita a nivel de laboratorio, llegando a tener una eficiencia del 89 % y un rendimiento del 96 %. Este sistema de tratamiento dimensionado para la potabilización del agua, garantizará agua potable de calidad conforme a la norma NTE INEN 1108

Síntesis y caracterización de un compuesto de elastómero y tereftalato de polietileno reciclados para elaboración de cunetas en vías de segundo y tercer orden en la parroquia El Rosario del cantón Guano.

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue sintetizar y caracterizar un compuesto de elastómero y tereftalato de polietileno que además de ser económico presente también excelentes propiedades mecánicas que le permita sustituir al hormigón en el recubrimiento de cunetas promoviendo de esta manera la construcción de estas estructuras. Para esto se planteó varias combinaciones del material reciclado con el cual se elaboraron diferentes probetas, unas fueron realizadas con Tereftalato de Polietileno (PET) funcionalizado tomando en cuenta que se busca con este procedimiento es mejorar la afinidad interfacial de los elementos compuestos ya que estos son inmiscibles y otras sin el material funcionalizado para tener una mejor referencia de los beneficios de utilizar sustancias tensoactivas, por otro lado se elaboraron probetas con Polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE), las muestras obtenidas fueron sometidas a pruebas de compresión, flexión y % de absorción. Con los resultados de las diferentes pruebas se puede determinar fácilmente que el material compuesto sintetizado presenta propiedades mecánicas adecuadas para el fin propuesto. Los resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza para determinar si había diferencias significativas entre muestras, en tal sentido podemos afirmar que cualquiera de las muestras diseñadas cumple con los requerimientos físico mecánicos para su aplicación. Una vez analizados los datos se pudo observar que el uso de PET y caucho permiten obtener un material resistente, pero para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas y poder usarlo como alternativa al hormigón es preciso adicionar también polietileno de alta densidad en la composición, además de las óptimas propiedades mecánicas es importante mencionar el bajo costo que supone la fabricación de un metro cúbico de cuneta con material reciclado. Por lo antes descrito se puede concluir que la utilización de material reciclado para revestimiento de cunetas es técnica y económicamente viable.The objective of this research was to synthesize and characterize an elastomer and polyethylene terephthalate compound that, in addition to being economical, also presents excellent mechanical properties that allow it to replace concrete in the lining of gutters, thus promoting the construction of these structures. For this, various combinations of recycled material were proposed with which different test tubes were made, some were made with functionalized Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) taking into account that this procedure is intended to improve the interfacial affinity of the composite elements since these are immiscible and others without the functionalized material to have a better reference of the benefits of using surface-active substances, on the other hand, test tubes were made with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the samples obtained were subjected to compression, bending and% absorption tests. With the results of the different tests, it can easily be determined that the synthesized composite material has adequate mechanical properties for the proposed purpose. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance to determine if there were significant differences between samples, in this sense, we can affirm that any of the designed samples meet the physical-mechanical requirements for its application. Once the data had been analyzed, it was observed that the use of PET and rubber allows obtaining a resistant material, but to improve the mechanical properties and be able to use it as an alternative to concrete, it is also necessary to add high-density polyethylene in the composition, in addition to the optimal ones. mechanical properties It is important to mention the low cost involved in manufacturing a cubic meter of a ditch with recycled material. From the foregoing, it can be concluded that the use of recycled material for gutter lining is technically and economically Viable

Circulating Tumor Cells Identify Early Recurrence in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Radical Resection

This work was supported by Fundacion de Investigacion Basica Alenjando Otero (www.Fibao.es) (MJS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.Background Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages I-IIIA. However, more than 20% of these patients develop recurrence and die due to their disease. The release of tumor cells into peripheral blood (CTCs) is one of the main causes of recurrence of cancer. The objectives of this study are to identify the prognostic value of the presence and characterization of CTCs in peripheral blood in patients undergoing radical resection for NSCLC. Patients and Methods 56 patients who underwent radical surgery for previously untreated NSCLC were enrolled in this prospective study. Peripheral blood samples for CTC analysis were obtained before and one month after surgery. In addition CTCs were phenotypically characterized by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. Results 51.8% of the patients evaluated were positive with the presence of CTCs at baseline. A decrease in the detection rate of CTCs was observed in these patients one month after surgery (32.1%) (p = 0.035). The mean number of CTCs was 3.16 per 10 ml (range 0-84) preoperatively and 0.66 (range 0-3) in postoperative determination. EGFR expression was found in 89.7% of the patients at baseline and in 38.9% patients one month after surgery. The presence of CTCs after surgery was significantly associated with early recurrence (p = 0.018) and a shorter disease free survival (DFS) (p =.008). In multivariate analysis CTC presence after surgery (HR = 5.750, 95% CI: 1.50-21.946, p = 0.010) and N status (HR = 0.296, 95% CI: 0.091-0.961, p = 0.043) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. Conclusion CTCs can be detected and characterized in patients undergoing radical resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Their presence might be used to identify patients with increased risk of early recurrence.Fundacion de Investigación Básica Alenjando Oter

Post-mortem findings in Spanish patients with COVID-19; a special focus on superinfections

IntroductionWhole-body autopsies may be crucial to understand coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology. We aimed to analyze pathological findings in a large series of full-body autopsies, with a special focus on superinfections. MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter study that included 70 COVID-19 autopsies performed between April 2020 and February 2021. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological information was collected using a standardized case report form. ResultsMedian (IQR) age was 70 (range 63.75-74.25) years and 76% of cases were males. Most patients (90%,) had at least one comorbidity prior to COVID-19 diagnosis, with vascular risk factors being the most frequent. Infectious complications were developed by 65.71% of the patients during their follow-up. Mechanical ventilation was required in most patients (75.71%) and was mainly invasive. In multivariate analyses, length of hospital stay and invasive mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with infections (p = 0.036 and p = 0.013, respectively). Necropsy findings revealed diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs, left ventricular hypertrophy in the heart, liver steatosis and pre-infection arteriosclerosis in the heart and kidneys. ConclusionOur study confirms the main necropsy histopathological findings attributed to COVID-19 in a large patient series, while underlining the importance of both comorbid conditions and superinfections in the pathology

Approximation to the economic cost of healthcare for hypertensive patients diagnosed with COVID-19

IntroductionMany researchers have focused their studies on hypertension due to its over-representation among COVID-19 patients. Both retrospective and observational studies conducted close to the Wuhan area have reported that hypertension is the most common comorbidity observed in patients affected by COVID-19.ObjectiveOur objective is that patients with arterial hypertension have a worse prognosis in terms of evolution leading to higher costs.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 3,581 patients from La Paz University Hospital (LPUH) during the period between 15 July 2020 and 31 July 2020 were included in this study.ResultsIt should be noted that 40.71% of the patients were hypertensive. As expected, hypertension was associated with men, among whom we observed a higher prevalence and a higher age (median age of 77 years (IQI: 65–85) versus 52 years (IQI: 37–64), p-value < 0.001). Hypertensive patients had a higher prevalence of dyspnea (52.14% vs. 47.15%, p-value = 0.004) and altered awareness (14.89% vs. 4.30%, p-value <0.001). The non-parametric Kaplan–Meier curve estimates the survival of patients in the two study groups. We can see how patients with hypertension have a higher associated mortality, with the difference being statistically significant, p-value (log-rank) = 0.004. Only for the appearance of complications during hospitalization, the group of hypertensive patients reached the figure of €1,355,901.71 compared to the total of 421,403.48 € for normotensive patients.ConclusionOur study shows the worse clinical evolution of patients with COVID-19 in terms of associated morbidity and mortality. It also shows that the cost of managing patients with hypertension is greater than that of managing normotensive patients

The CALIFA survey across the Hubble sequence: Spatially resolved stellar population properties in galaxies

© ESO, 2015. Various different physical processes contribute to the star formation and stellar mass assembly histories of galaxies. One important approach to understanding the significance of these different processes on galaxy evolution is the study of the stellar population content of today's galaxies in a spatially resolved manner. The aim of this paper is to characterize in detail the radial structure of stellar population properties of galaxies in the nearby universe, based on a uniquely large galaxy sample, considering the quality and coverage of the data. The sample under study was drawn from the CALIFA survey and contains 300 galaxies observed with integral field spectroscopy. These cover a wide range of Hubble types, from spheroids to spiral galaxies, while stellar masses range from MBlack star ∼ 109 to 7 × 1011 M⊙. We apply the fossil record method based on spectral synthesis techniques to recover the following physical properties for each spatial resolution element in our target galaxies: the stellar mass surface density (μBlack star), stellar extinction (AV), light-weighted and mass-weighted ages ('log age'L, 'log age'M), and mass-weighted metallicity ('log ZBlack star'M). To study mean trends with overall galaxy properties, the individual radial profiles are stacked in seven bins of galaxy morphology (E, S0, Sa, Sb, Sbc, Sc, and Sd). We confirm that more massive galaxies are more compact, older, more metal rich, and less reddened by dust. Additionally, we find that these trends are preserved spatially with the radial distance to the nucleus. Deviations from these relations appear correlated with Hubble type: earlier types are more compact, older, and more metal rich for a given MBlack star, which is evidence that quenching is related to morphology, but not driven by mass. Negative gradients of 'log age'L are consistent with an inside-out growth of galaxies, with the largest 'log age'L gradients in Sb-Sbc galaxies. Further, the mean stellar ages of disks and bulges are correlated and with disks covering a wider range of ages, and late-type spirals hosting younger disks. However, age gradients are only mildly negative or flat beyond R ∼ 2 HLR (half light radius), indicating that star formation is more uniformly distributed or that stellar migration is important at these distances. The gradients in stellar mass surface density depend mostly on stellar mass, in the sense that more massive galaxies are more centrally concentrated. Whatever sets the concentration indices of galaxies obviously depends less on quenching/morphology than on the depth of the potential well. There is a secondary correlation in the sense that at the same MBlack star early-type galaxies have steeper gradients. The μBlack star gradients outside 1 HLR show no dependence on Hubble type. We find mildly negative 'log ZBlack star'M gradients, which are shallower than predicted from models of galaxy evolution in isolation. In general, metallicity gradients depend on stellar mass, and less on morphology, hinting that metallicity is affected by both - the depth of the potential well and morphology/quenching.Support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through projects AYA2010-15081 (PI R.G.D.), and Junta de Andalucia FQ1580 (PI R.G.D.), AYA2010-22111-C03-03, and AYA2010-10904E (S.F.S.). We also thank the Viabilidad, Diseno, Acceso y Mejora funding program, ICTS-2009-10, for funding the data acquisition of this project. R.C.F. thanks the hospitality of the IAA and the support of CAPES and CNPq. R.G.D. acknowledges the support of CNPq (Brazil) through Programa Ciencia sem Fronteiras (401452/2012-3). A.G. acknowledges support from EU FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement n.267251 (AstroFIt) and from the EU Marie Curie Integration Grant >SteMaGE> Nr. PCIG12-GA-2012-326466. C.J.W. acknowledges support through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant 303912. E.P. acknowledges support from the Guillermo Haro program at INAOE. Support for L.G. is provided by the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS. L.G. acknowledges support by CONICYT through FONDECYT grant 3140566. J.I.P. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO under grant AYA2010-21887-C04-01 and from Junta de Andalucia Excellence Project PEX2011-FQM7058. I.M., J.M. and A.d.O. acknowledge support from the project AYA2013-42227-P. RAM is funded by the Spanish program of International Campus of Excellence Moncloa (CEI). J.M. A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild).Peer Reviewe

SpadaHC: a database to improve the classification of variants in hereditary cancer genes in the Spanish population

Accurate classification of genetic variants is crucial for clinical decision-making in hereditary cancer. In Spain, genetic diagnostic laboratories have traditionally approached this task independently due to the lack of a dedicated resource. Here we present SpadaHC, a web-based database for sharing variants in hereditary cancer genes in the Spanish population. SpadaHC is implemented using a three-tier architecture consisting of a relational database, a web tool and a bioinformatics pipeline. Contributing laboratories can share variant classifications and variants from individuals in Variant Calling Format (VCF) format. The platform supports open and restricted access, flexible dataset submissions, automatic pseudo-anonymization, VCF quality control, variant normalization and liftover between genome builds. Users can flexibly explore and search data, receive automatic discrepancy notifications and access SpadaHC population frequencies based on many criteria. In February 2024, SpadaHC included 18 laboratory members, storing 1.17 million variants from 4306 patients and 16 343 laboratory classifications. In the first analysis of the shared data, we identified 84 genetic variants with clinically relevant discrepancies in their classifications and addressed them through a three-phase resolution strategy. This work highlights the importance of data sharing to promote consistency in variant classifications among laboratories, so patients and family members can benefit from more accurate clinical management.Database URL: https://spadahc.ciberisciii.es/ Overview of SpadaHC and its main views. (A) List of existing variants in SpadaHC (in the image, search for the ATM gene). The 'Expert Cl.' column shows the classification made by a group of experts; the 'Lab Cl.' column shows a summary of the classifications made by the laboratories. (B) Allele frequency of a variant in the SpadaHC population according to clinical suspicion and sex. (C) Classifications provided by the laboratories for a variant. (D) List of patients carrying a variant. (E) Histogram showing the coverage and frequency (allele balance) with which the variant was detected in carrier patients. Alt text: SpadaHC overview; laboratories can share datasets of variant classifications (Excel) and variants from individuals (VCFs + Excel). The datasets undergo quality control, bioinformatics pipeline annotation and database integration before being displayed in SpadaHC. The graphical abstract also shows five views of SpadaHC

Aptamer-capped nanoporous anodic alumina for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2019, has highlighted the importance of testing and tracking infected individuals as a means of mitigating the spread of the virus. In this context, the development of sensitive and rapid methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial. Herein, a biosensor based on oligonucleotide-gated nanomaterials for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is presented. The sensing system consists of a nanoporous anodic alumina disk loaded with the fluorescent indicator rhodamine B and capped with a DNA aptamer that selectively binds the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The system is initially evaluated using pseudotype virus systems based on vesicular stomatitis virus carrying different SARS-CoV-2 S-proteins on their surface. When the pseudotype virus is present, the cap of the solid is selectively removed, triggering the release of the dye from the pore voids to the medium. The nanodevice demonstrated its ability to detect pseudotype virus concentrations as low as 7.5·103 PFU mL. In addition, the nanodevice is tested on nasopharyngeal samples from individuals suspected of having COVID-19.This study was supported by the Spanish Government (projects PID2021-126304OB-C41, and PID2021-122875OB-100 (MCUI/AEI/FEDER, UE)), the Generalitat Valenciana (project no.2 RD 180/2020, CIPROM/2021/007), Supera COVID-19 Fund (DIACOVID project), the Universitat Politècnica de València−Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS-LaFe) (SARS-COV-2-SEEKER and VISION-COV projects), and by the European Commission –NextGenerationEU, through CSIC's Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global) to Ron Geller. The project leading to this application has received funding from the European Union's Horizon EUROPE research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101093042. Isabel Caballos thanks the Instituto de Salud Carlos III for her predoctoral fellowship (IFI21/00008). Alba López-Palacios thanks the Ministerio de Universidades for her predoctoral grant (FPU20/05297). Ron Geller holds a Ramon y Cajal fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (RYC-2015-17517).Peer reviewe