1,203 research outputs found
Personalized multi-task attention for multimodal mental health detection and explanation
The unprecedented spread of smartphone usage and its various boarding sensors have been garnering increasing interest in automatic mental health detection. However, there are two major barriers to reliable mental health detection applications that can be adopted in real-life: (a)The outputs of the complex machine learning model are not explainable, which reduces the trust of users and thus hinders the application in real-life scenarios. (b)The sensor signal distribution discrepancy across individuals is a major barrier to accurate detection since each individual has their own characteristics. We propose an explainable mental health detection model. Spatial and temporal features of multiple sensory sequences are extracted and fused with different weights generated by the attention mechanism so that the discrepancy of contribution to classifiers across different modalities can be considered in the model. Through a series of experiments on real-life datasets, results show the effectiveness of our model compared to the existing approaches.This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62077027), the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(No. 2018YFC2002500), the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission, China (No. 2019C053-1), the Education Department of Jilin Province, China (No. JJKH20200993K), the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province, China (No. 20200801002GH), and the European Union's Horizon 2020 FET Proactive project "WeNet-The Internet of us"(No. 823783)
Foam materials with controllable pore structure prepared from nanofibrillated cellulose with addition of alcohols
Low-density foams based on nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) made from Pinus massonianesoftwood pulp were prepared from NFC aqueous suspensions containing one of four C2âC4alcohols followed by freeze-drying, with the goal of controlling their pore structure and reducing the shrink rate. The foams prepared from NFC suspensions containing ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol exhibited highly porous structures with a honeycomb-like cellular texture featuring well-defined âcell wallsâ between the layers. By contrast, the tert-butanol/NFC foam featured a higher number of smaller size pores with irregular shape. The foams prepared by freezing at â196â°C with ethanol also revealed small size pores, with no layered pore structure. The results obtained suggested that freeze-drying could be used to control the key foam parameters by adding different alcohols into an NFC suspension and adjusting the freezing temperature. Combining the obtained information, a possible formation mechanism was proposed. The microstructure, density, porosity, shrinkage, mechanical properties and thermal properties of NFC foams were determined. The obtained NFC foams feature low shrinkage upon formation and thermal conductivity. Smaller Youngâs modulus and energy absorption yet similar yield stress values compared to the blank indicate that the freeze-drying in the presence of alcohols tends to generate âsoftâ foams
Anomalous superconducting proximity effect of planar Pb-RhPb2 heterojunctions in the clean limit
Interest in superconducting proximity effect has been revived by the
exploitation of Andreev states and by the possible emergence of Majorana bound
states at the interface. Spectroscopy of these states has been so far
restricted to just a handful of superconductor-metal systems in the diffusion
regime, whereas reports in otherwise clean superconductor-superconductor
heterojunctions are scarce. Here, we realize molecular beam epitaxy growth of
atomically sharp planar heterojunctions between Pb and a topological
superconductor candidate RhPb2 that allows us to spectroscopically image the
proximity effect in the clean limit. The measured energy spectra of RhPb2 vary
with the spatial separation from proximal Pb, and exhibit unusual modifications
in the pairing gap structure and size that extend over a distance far beyond
the coherence length. This anomalously long-range proximity (LRP) effect breaks
the rotational symmetry of Cooper pair potential in real space and largely
deforms the Abrikosov vortex cores. Our work opens promising avenues for
fundamental studies of the Andreev physics and extraordinary states in clean
superconducting heterojunctions.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
A simple scheme for quantum networks based on orbital angular momentum states of photons
We propose a new quantum network scheme using orbital angular momentum states
of photons to route the network and spin angular momentum states to encode the
information. A four-user experimental scheme based on this efficient quantum
network is analyzed in detail, which is particularly appealing for the free
space quantum key distribution. Users can freely exchange quantum keys with
each other.Comment: 9 pages, published in Optics Communications, 281, 5063-506
The role of spinal GABAB receptors in cancer-induced bone pain in rats
Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) remains a major challenge in advanced cancer patients due to our lack of understanding of its mechanisms. Previous studies have demonstrated the vital role of GABAB receptors (GABABRs) in regulating nociception and various neuropathic pain models have shown diminished activity of GABABRs. However, the role of spinal GABABRs in CIBP remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the specific cellular mechanisms of GABABRs in the development and maintenance of CIBP in rats. Our behavioral results show that both acute and chronic intrathecal treatment with baclofen, a GABABR agonist, significantly attenuated CIBP-induced mechanical allodynia and ambulatory pain. The expression levels of GABABRs were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner and colocalized mostly with neuron and a minority with astrocyte and microglia. Chronic treatment with baclofen restored the expression of GABABRs and markedly inhibited the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway
The consensus guideline of perioperative antiviral therapy for AIDS patients in China based on clinical practice
The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has emerged as a major public health concern in China. When patients with HIV infection undergo surgical treatment, there are two main challenges. Firstly, medical staff face a high risk of HIV infection due to occupational exposure. Secondly, the patientâs immune function is impaired, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections and postoperative complications. The surgical treatment of such patients is unique, and the risk of occupational exposure during the operation primarily depends upon the viral load of HIV/AIDS patients. Therefore, perioperative antiretroviral therapy is of paramount importance in order to standardize the perioperative antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS patients. The Surgery Group of the Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, in collaboration with the Treatment Association, and Surgery Group of the Chinese Medical Association of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, has developed an expert consensus on perioperative antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS patients. This consensus encompasses various aspects, including surgical risk assessment, selection of perioperative antiretroviral therapy regimens, prevention of opportunistic infections, and the crucial focus on rapid preoperative viral load reduction and immune function reconstruction for HIV/AIDS patients
Targeted Cyclo[8]pyrrole-Based NIR-II Photoacoustic Tomography Probe for Suppression of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor Growth and Intra-abdominal Metastases
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal. New diagnostic and treatment modalities are desperately needed. We report here that an expanded porphyrin, cyclo[8]pyrrole (CP), with a high extinction coefficient (89.16 L/g·cm) within the second near-infrared window (NIR-II), may be formulated with an αvÎČ3-specific targeting peptide, cyclic-Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD), to form cRGD-CP nanoparticles (cRGD-CPNPs) with promising NIR-II photothermal (PT) therapeutic and photoacoustic (PA) imaging properties. Studies with a ring-array PA tomography system, coupled with analysis of control nanoparticles lacking a targeting element (CPNPs), revealed that cRGD conjugation promoted the delivery of the NPs through abnormal vessels around the tumor to the solid tumor core. This proved true in both subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumor mice models, as confirmed by immunofluorescent studies. In combination with NIR-II laser photoirradiation, the cRGD-CPNPs provided near-baseline tumor growth inhibition through PTT both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the combination of the present cRGD-CPNPs and photoirradiation was found to inhibit intra-abdominal metastases in an orthotopic pancreatic tumor mouse model. The cRGD-CPNPs also displayed good biosafety profiles, as inferred from PA tomography, blood analyses, and H&E staining. They thus appear promising for use in combined PA imaging and PT therapeutic treatment of pancreatic cancer
Effect of dispersion on indistinguishability between single-photon wave-packets
With propagating through a dispersive medium, the temporal-spectral profile
of laser pulses should be inevitably modified. Although such dispersion effect
has been well studied in classical optics, its effect on a single-photon
wave-packet, i.e., the matter wave of a single-photon, has not yet been
entirely revealed. In this paper, we investigate the effect of dispersion on
indistinguishability of single-photon wave-packets through the Hong-Ou-Mandel
(HOM) interference. By dispersively manipulating two indistinguishable
single-photon wave-packets before interfering with each other, we observe that
the difference of the second-order dispersion between two optical paths of the
HOM interferometer can be mapped to the interference curve, indicating that (1)
with the same amount of dispersion effect in both paths, the HOM interference
curve must be only determined by the intrinsic indistinguishability between the
wave-packets, i.e., dispersion cancellation due to the indistinguishability
between Feynman paths; (2) unbalanced dispersion effect in two paths cannot be
cancelled and will broaden the interference curve thus providing a way to
measure the second-order dispersion coefficient. Our results suggest a more
comprehensive understanding of the single-photon wave-packet and pave ways to
explore further applications of the HOM interference
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