On the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Central Amazon of Brazil. 4. Sand fly emergence from a "terra firme" forest floor

Over 30% of the sand flies collected in emergence traps from a "terra firme" forest in the Amazon Basin of Brazil were known vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Fifteen species of sand flies were collected from a region where at least 50 species are known to occur. The majority of specimens were taken from traps set during the month of November. It was estimated that 100 m2 of terra firme forest will only produce an average of. 4.1 sand flies per day; however, this productivity may reach as hign as 14 sand flies per 100 m2 per day.Mais de 30% dos flebótomos coletados em armadilhas de eclosão de uma floresta de Terra Firme na Bacia Amazônica do Brasil eram vetores de leishmaniose cutânea. Quinze espécies foram coletadas de uma região de onde são conhecidas mais de cinqüenta espécies. A maioria dos flebótomos foram coletados nas armadilhas colocadas durante o mês de novembro. Estimou-se que de cada área de 100 m2 de solo aberto da floresta de terra firme são produzidos 4,1 flebótomos por dia, mais, considerando a época de maior produção, este número pode atingir até 14 flebótomos/m2/dia

Descriptions of Lutzomyia (Evandromyia) georgii n. sp. and a synopsis of the Series infraspinosa (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Lutzomyia georgii n. sp. and the female of L. tarapacaensis in the Series infraspinosa of the subgenus Evandromyia are described, from specimens collected in rainforest in the north of the State of Para, Brazil. The new species was taken together with five other Evandromyia species including L. infraspinosa (sensu strictu) in the same locality, I., georgii has previously been confused with both L. begonae and L. infraspinosa, whereas L. tarapacaensis would run to L. infraspinosa in recent taxonomic keys. The fact that both L. georgii and L. tarapacaensis are locally sympatric with L. infraspinosa helps to clarify the taxonomic limits of the latter species. New keys to the subgenus Evandromyia are provided

Sand Flies of the Central Amazon of Brazil. 3. Description of Lutzomyia pennyi n.sp. (Diptera : Psychodidae)

Lutzomyia pennyi Arias S Freitas sp.n. é descrita e ilustrada no sexo masculino. Esta espécie é raramente encontrada na região de Manaus, Amazonas. Brasil

Flebótomos da Amazônia Central do Brasil. I. Resultados obtidos das capturas feitas com iscas humana e eqüina (Diptera, Psychodidae)

Human bait and horse bait captures of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were conducted in a tropical forest in the Central Amazon of Brazil. All sandflies that bite man, with the exception of Lutzomyia punctigeniculata (Floch & Abonnenc) also attack horses and some other species attack horses but do not bite man. We found, therefore, that a horse may be substituted for a man when seeking the anthropophilic species of the region. The species most frequently attacking man was L. maripaensis (Floch & Abonnenc) and this was also the species that most readily attacked a horse. The sandfly most frequently caught attacking man at 15 m above the forest floor was L. anduzei (Floch & Abonnenc). A total of 8563 female sandflies were caught, during an 8 month period, representing at least 21 species or groups. Of these, 17 species were anthropophilic.Capturas de flebótomos com isca humana e isca eqüina foram realizadas numa floresta tropical na Amazônia Central do Brasil. Todos os flebótomos que atacam ao homem, com a exceção de Lutzomyia punctigeniculata (Floch & Âbonnenc), também atacam cavalos; algumas outras espécies atacam cavalos mas não sugam sangue humano. Descobrimos portanto, que, quando se está procurando as espécies antropofílicas da região, um homem pode ser substituído por um cavalo. A espécie que mais freqüentemente ataca o homem é L. maripaensis (Floch & Abonnenc), e esta foi também a espécie que mais freqüentemente atacou o cavalo. O flebótomo capturado mais freqüentemente atacando o homem, a 15m acima do chão da floresta, foi L. anduzei (Floch & Abonnenc). Um total de 8.563 fêmeas foram capturadas, durante um período de oito meses, representando pelo menos 21 espécies ou grupos, das quais 17 antropofílicas

Sobre os vetores de leishmaniose cutânea na Amazônia central do Brasil. 2: incidência de flagelados em flebótomos selváticos ()

Of 6337 female sandflies dissected, 466 were found to have flagellates in their digestive tracts. A total of 28 sandfly species, or species groups, were dissected, yet flagellates were only found is six of these species or species groups. Of these, only two species of sandfly had leptomonads which were positively identified as Leishmania braziliensis. Sixteen strains of Le braziliensis were isolated from Lutzomyia umbratilis or Lu. anduzei.De um total de 6337 flebótomos fêmeas dissecados, 466 foram encontrados com flagelados no tubo digestivo. Um total de 28 espécies ou grupos de flebótomos foi dissecado, todavia somente foram encontrados flagelados em seis destas espécies ou grupos de espécies, e destas, somente duas espécies tinham leptómonas que foram definitivamente confirmadas como sendo Leishmania braziliensis. Dezesseis cepas de Le. braziliensis foram isoladas de flebótomos selváticos

Lutzomyia derelicta (Diptera: Psychodidae) a Singular New Phlebotomine Sand Fly from an Inselberg in Northeastern Amazonia

Lutzomyia derelicta n. sp. is described from specimens collected in an isolated xeric habitat in the rainforest in the north of the State of Pará, Brazil. The new species lacks the posterior bulge in the dorsal wall of the cibarium characteristic of the New World genus Lutzomyia, and the armature of the male genitalia is of the pattern found elsewhere only in the Old World species of Sergentomyia. L. derelicta is phenetically intermediate between the known species of Lutzomyia and Sergentomyia, and cannot readily be placed in any existing subgenus or species group of either genus

Lutzomyia maruaga (Diptera: Psychodidae), a new bat-cave sand fly from Amazonas, Brazil

A new species of parthenogenetic, autogenic and apparently extremely endemic phlebotomine is described from a sandstone cave located in primary terra firme forest to the North of the city of Manaus. Specimens were collected in the aphotic zone of the Refúgio do Maruaga cave by light trap and reared from bat guano. The adult morphology suggests a closer relationship to some Old World Phlebotominae than to species of Lutzomyia França encountered in the surrounding rainforest, but it shares characteristics with the recently proposed Neotropical genera Edentomyia Galati, Deanemyia Galati and Oligodontomyia Galati

Evaluation of the Anti Chagas "PF" Vaccine Against two Strains of Leishmania sp. in Hamsters ()

Amastigotes of two strains of Leishmania sp. were innoculated into golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) 8 and 15 days after innoculation with the anti-chagas "PF" vaccine. There was no significant difference in reduction of infection between the "PF" treated and the control (untreated) hamsters after innoculations with either strain of Leishmania sp.A vacina antichagásica "PF" foi testada em hamsters contra duas cepas de Leishmania. Os animais vacinados com a cepa PF foram desafiadas 8 e 15 dias mais tarde com estas duas cepas de Leishmania. Após o término da experiência, i. e. 150 dias após inoculação, notou-se que a vacina "PF" não tinha efeito protetor contra Leishmania, em hamsters. Os leves aumentos do tempo de latência nos animais vacinados, sugerem que possivelmente uma vacina seja a arma para controlar a alta incidência desta doença na Amazônia Central