LÍQUIDO FOLICULAR FRESCO OU CONGELADO NA PRODUÇÃO IN VITRO DE EMBRIÕES BOVINOS

A manutenção dos complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCO) em líquido folicular (LF) antes da sua maturação, além de visar a capacitação, viabiliza o transporte até o laboratório por ser de baixo custo, de fácil aquisição e o congelamento do LF permite seu armazenamento para futura utilização. Neste experimento avaliou-se o efeito do congelamento do LF obtido de folículos de 2-8mm e de folículos >8mm, sobre a taxa de produção embrionária. Oócitos foram aspirados de folículos de 2 a 8mm de ovários provenientes de abatedouro. No grupo controle (n=295) os CCO foram maturados por 24h. Nos tratamentos GF (n=297) e GC (n=282), os CCO foram mantidos por 6h a 30ºC em LF fresco ou congelado, respectivamente, de folículos >8mm. Já no tratamento PF(n=278) e PC (n=281), os CCO foram mantidos em LF fresco ou congelado, respectivamente, de folículos de 2-8mm. Posteriormente, os CCO dos tratamentos GF, GC, PF e PC foram maturados por 18h. Não houve efeito negativo do congelamento do líquido folicular e nem do tamanho dos folículos sobre as taxas de clivagem e produção embrionária em D7 e D9 (P>0,05). No entanto, o congelamento do LF de folículos de 2 a 8mm resultou em redução da taxa de eclosão e do número de células dos blastocistos. A manutenção de oócitos bovinos por 6h a 30ºC, antes da maturação, pode ser efetuada em líquido folicular de folículos >8mm, fresco ou congelado. Fresh or frozen follicular fluid in vitro bovine embryo production Abstract In addition to the capacitation, the maintenance of cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) in follicular fluid (FF) before maturation, allows the transport to the laboratory, being a practical and less expensive media. The FF can be stored after freezing to future use. Oocytes aspirated from bovine slaughterhouse ovaries, were used to evaluate the effect of maintaining the oocytes in fresh or frozen bovine FF (from 2-8mm and >8mm follicles) on the blastocyst rate. In the control group (n=259) the COC were matured for 24h. On treatments GF (n=297) and GC (n=282) the COC were held for 6h at 30°C in fresh or frozen FF from >8mm follicles, respectively. In treatments PF (n=278) and PC (n=281) the COC were held in fresh or frozen FF from 2-8mm follicles, respectively. Later, the COC from GF, GC, PF and PC were matured for 18h. The freezing process as well as the follicle size had no effect on the cleavage, D7 or D9 blastocyst rates (P>0,05). Nevertheless, the frozen FF from 2-8mm follicles resulted in a reduced hatching rate and lower ICM cells. Fresh or frozen follicular fluid of >8mm follicles could be used for a 6h transport of bovine oocytes before maturation for 18h

The origin of aubrites: Evidence from lithophile trace element abundances and oxygen isotope compositions

We report the abundances of a selected set of “lithophile” trace elements (including lanthanides, actinides and high field strength elements) and high-precision oxygen isotope analyses of a comprehensive suite of aubrites. Two distinct groups of aubrites can be distinguished: (a) the main-group aubrites display flat or light-REE depleted REE patterns with variable Eu and Y anomalies; their pyroxenes are light-REE depleted and show marked negative Eu anomalies; (b) the Mount Egerton enstatites and the silicate fraction from Larned display distinctive light-REE enrichments, and high Th/Sm ratios; Mount Egerton pyroxenes have much less pronounced negative Eu anomalies than pyroxenes from the main-group aubrites. Leaching experiments were undertaken to investigate the contribution of sulfides to the whole rock budget of the main-group aubrites. Sulfides contain in most cases at least 50% of the REEs and of the actinides. Among the elements we have analyzed, those displaying the strongest lithophile behaviors are Rb, Ba, Sr and Sc. The homogeneity of the Δ17O values obtained for main-group aubrite falls [Δ17O = +0.009 ± 0.010‰ (2σ)] suggests that they originated from a single parent body whose differentiation involved an early phase of large-scale melting that may have led to the development of a magma ocean. This interpretation is at first glance in agreement with the limited variability of the shapes of the REE patterns of these aubrites. However, the trace element concentrations of their phases cannot be used to discuss this hypothesis, because their igneous trace-element signatures have been modified by subsolidus exchange. Finally, despite similar O isotopic compositions, the marked light-REE enrichments displayed by Mount Egerton and Larned suggest that they are unrelated to the main-group aubrites and probably originated from a distinct parent body

Infinite systems of non-colliding generalized meanders and Riemann-Liouville differintegrals

Yor's generalized meander is a temporally inhomogeneous modification of the $2(\nu+1)$-dimensional Bessel process with $\nu > -1$, in which the inhomogeneity is indexed by $\kappa \in [0, 2(\nu+1))$. We introduce the non-colliding particle systems of the generalized meanders and prove that they are the Pfaffian processes, in the sense that any multitime correlation function is given by a Pfaffian. In the infinite particle limit, we show that the elements of matrix kernels of the obtained infinite Pfaffian processes are generally expressed by the Riemann-Liouville differintegrals of functions comprising the Bessel functions $J_{\nu}$ used in the fractional calculus, where orders of differintegration are determined by $\nu-\kappa$. As special cases of the two parameters $(\nu, \kappa)$, the present infinite systems include the quaternion determinantal processes studied by Forrester, Nagao and Honner and by Nagao, which exhibit the temporal transitions between the universality classes of random matrix theory.Comment: LaTeX, 35 pages, v3: The argument given in Section 3.2 was simplified. Minor corrections were mad

Semiparametric theory and empirical processes in causal inference

In this paper we review important aspects of semiparametric theory and empirical processes that arise in causal inference problems. We begin with a brief introduction to the general problem of causal inference, and go on to discuss estimation and inference for causal effects under semiparametric models, which allow parts of the data-generating process to be unrestricted if they are not of particular interest (i.e., nuisance functions). These models are very useful in causal problems because the outcome process is often complex and difficult to model, and there may only be information available about the treatment process (at best). Semiparametric theory gives a framework for benchmarking efficiency and constructing estimators in such settings. In the second part of the paper we discuss empirical process theory, which provides powerful tools for understanding the asymptotic behavior of semiparametric estimators that depend on flexible nonparametric estimators of nuisance functions. These tools are crucial for incorporating machine learning and other modern methods into causal inference analyses. We conclude by examining related extensions and future directions for work in semiparametric causal inference

Intimate partner violence in South Asian communities:Exploring the notion of 'shame' to promote understandings of migrant women's experiences

The notion of 'shame' is increasingly being recognized as a tool with some explanatory power to help promote understandings about a range of social problems. Through an exploration of migrant South Asian women's experiences of domestic violence and help-seeking practices, this article considers the relevance of the notion of shame as a unit of analysis to help contribute to the growing theoretical and empirical literature. This article sheds light on the meanings, events, processes and structures in the lives of migrant South Asian women respondents living in Hong Kong. Within the framework of the discussion on shame and intimate partner violence(IPV), the article also identifies the implications for social work practice

Scaled limit and rate of convergence for the largest eigenvalue from the generalized Cauchy random matrix ensemble

In this paper, we are interested in the asymptotic properties for the largest eigenvalue of the Hermitian random matrix ensemble, called the Generalized Cauchy ensemble $GCy$, whose eigenvalues PDF is given by $$\textrm{const}\cdot\prod_{1\leq j<k\leq N}(x_j-x_k)^2\prod_{j=1}^N (1+ix_j)^{-s-N}(1-ix_j)^{-\bar{s}-N}dx_j,$$where $s$ is a complex number such that $\Re(s)>-1/2$ and where $N$ is the size of the matrix ensemble. Using results by Borodin and Olshanski \cite{Borodin-Olshanski}, we first prove that for this ensemble, the largest eigenvalue divided by $N$ converges in law to some probability distribution for all $s$ such that $\Re(s)>-1/2$. Using results by Forrester and Witte \cite{Forrester-Witte2} on the distribution of the largest eigenvalue for fixed $N$, we also express the limiting probability distribution in terms of some non-linear second order differential equation. Eventually, we show that the convergence of the probability distribution function of the re-scaled largest eigenvalue to the limiting one is at least of order $(1/N)$.Comment: Minor changes in this version. Added references. To appear in Journal of Statistical Physic