Epidemiological study of the intestinal parasite among children in AL-kut city.

Six hundred fecal samples were collected from children in Al-kut city between January 2015 to March 2016 to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the correlation of these results with many factors). :all fecal samples were examined by three different diagnostic method which include( direct smear method by wet preparation technique , concentration by sedimentation method and iodine ,acid fast staining method for parasites detection and identification. 365 (61%) percentage from 600 patients  were found to parasites harbor stages of infective parasites , Four species of infective parasites were identified from individuals in this study These were: Entamba. histolytica (62%), Giardia lamblia(22%),Entamoeba coil(10%) and Cryptosporidium parvium(6%),The highest percentage of different parasitic infections that associated with youngest age, female, rural regions, in comparison with oldest age, male and urban regions respectively. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among children was high and the rate of  infection with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia which  more predominate the total positive. Keywords: Intestinal parasites; infections; Epidemiology, rural, concentration

Investigation of Factors Affecting Recovery Priority of Roads Damaged by Natural Disasters/Armed Conflicts

Natural disasters/armed conflicts can cause major damage to road networks of the affected area. This can lead to significant impact not only on the road networks. The major challenge in the aftermath of such events is to ensure a speedy recovery/rehabilitation of roads and transportation networks so that regeneration can commence in an effective manner. Prioritizing regeneration of the road network may need context of a range of requirements including health, education, security, and economic amongst many that will also require addressing. This study has been conducted to give a better understanding of major factors that govern road recovery prioritization across the affected region in Iraq. These factors need to be used in an effective and efficient manner that can help in determining the road recovery priority. Interviews and a questionnaire survey are conducted with experts in road reconstruction and maintenance organisations to investigate the impact of the important proposed affecting factors that can be critical for determining the recovery priority of damaged roads. Five estimated groups of factors have been included in this study, which are: socio-economic, road network, traffic, damage and financial factors. Each group also consists of a number of estimated sub-group factors. As a result, twenty nine factors have been chosen in this study.It has been found from the results of the interviews and questionnaire that the proposed factors and factor groups are with a level of importance of high and very high. This indicates that the groups and factors included in this study are important for the successful building and implementation of the process and procedures of the road recovery priority in the road rehabilitation projects.Each estimated factor within each proposed group used in this study contributes a different weight value to the overall road recovery priority. According to the questionnaire’s results, the most important factors are: number of critical socio-economic facilities, type of road, delay time, severity of damage and effect on the economic. Moreover, a different weight has been contributed by each estimated group. Based on the questionnaire results, it was found that the major contribution is from the financial factor group

Salivary aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase of non-insulin-dependents (Type2) diabetic patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a world-wide chronic metabolic disorder affects relatively high percentage of population. A few information is available in diabetes on the salivary content of enzymes GOT (AST) and GPT (ALT). Patients and methods: we studied 19 patients (NIDDM, type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 29-67 year). Colorimetric determination of salivary GPT and GOT activity was used. Results: In the whole saliva of non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM, n=19) diabetic patients and from agecross- matched healthy subjects (n=19). Saliva concentrations of GOT (43.92=12.8U/L) in NIDDM patients were higherly significant (P< 0.001) than those observed in normal subjects (23.0± 8.84 U/L). GPT was higher in NIDDM than in normal subjects (15.63±7.25, 10.2±7.31U/L respectively) too. Conclusion: Determination of cytosolic enzymes GPT&GOT in saliva may be useful for monitoring the diabetic involvement

Response of Permeable Pavement under Wheel Truck to Rainfall Runoff and its Effects (Laboratory Model)

Good water drainage from different sources is one of the most important factors that must be considered when designing subways and highways. The research aims to study and analyze the effect of heavy, medium, and low rainfall, select suitable materials to drain rainwater from the surface and vertical drains, and evaluate the rutting that appeared on the compacted surface asphalt layer. The methodology of this research includes the laboratory model (prototype model). A laboratory model consisting of typical structure layers of flexible pavement was used in this research with a 2% slope for degradations and changes in the volumetric properties and permeability of the surface and binder layers of the highway section. A wheel truck was manufactured and used for a continuous go-and-forth with the influence of three different rain intensities to identify and simulate the actual situation of highways and roads. The rainfall duration of 30 mm/min rainfall intensity was 90 minutes, and the rain intensity of 60 mm/min had a rainfall duration of 60 minutes. For the rainfall intensity of 90 mm/min, the time of rainfall was equal to 30 minutes. The results obtained from the laboratory simulation model (box model) indicated that the average quantity of infiltrated water produced by the 30mm/min rainfall intensity in the pavement structure is 36.4 % greater than the average infiltration of this water from the 60mm/min intensity and 52% higher than the 90mm/min intensity of rain. The time of surface drainage ending and the ending time of vertical drainage increases when the rain duration is long, even if the rain intensity is low. The rut depth appeared after 2816 wheel load repetitions to increase this depth by 96% after 127 days of load passage under three different rainfall intensities of a different time. The tensile strength was significantly reduced by 17.25%. The TSR values indicate that the mixtures of the surface and binder layers have good resistance to moisture damage

Assessment of Reasons for Driver Speeding and Estimation of Penalty Probability

Road safety is a global issue that requires a scientific approach to develop safety research methodologies that lead to sound conclusions. Regarding driver behavior and safety, speed is one of the leading causes of traffic accidents, injuries, and deaths. Speed is, therefore, one of the most studied issues related to road safety. The main objective of this study is to identify the frequency and reasons for a driver speeding in Baghdad city. In addition, drivers have been evaluated in terms of penalty probabilities, penalties imposed, and their type. Finally, this paper also investigated drivers' opinions on the effectiveness of such penalties in changing speed behavior. Eight hundred sixteen drivers were the studied sample in Baghdad city for three years. As a result, it was found that about one-third of the drivers were either driving too fast all the time or sometimes. Among the particular reasons, the most common was the rush, not realizing the speed, limits were too low, or the conditions allowed it. Similarly, the chances of getting caught are considered limited. Additionally, half of the penalized drivers said their speed habits changed due to such penalties. A speeding driver is fully aware that they are violating traffic rules. Approximately 80% of the circumstances for speeding behavior were intended. They are unaware of the dangers of speeding, citing speed limits that are too low and that it is customary when road conditions permit

Enhancement of Physical Properties of Asphalt Binder by Using Silica Powder

One of the primary requirements for a successful pavement system can be regarded as the caliber of the road pavement. Therefore, various measures have been taken, such as improving pavement quality and structure design methods, to reduce the issues of fatigue cracks and rutting of roads. Since a few years ago, engineers have paid more attention to modifying and improving the performance of asphalt by adding various additives to improve the environment and lower the price of modified pavement mixture. Evaluation of employing modified asphalt cement at various percentages of particle size of silica powder is the main goal of this study. Three percentages of Particle Size of Silica Powder Nano silica and micro silica with 2, 4, and 6% of the weight of asphalt as a modifier for asphalt and their effect on the performance of asphalt mixtures at high temperatures. It was discovered that adding silica powder to asphalt cement would increase the softening point and viscosity and decrease ductility and penetration. Experimental results indicated that the Silica Powder positively contributed to the performance properties of asphalt

The Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the activity of salivary peroxidase in periodontitis patients

Background:The technology of nanoparticles has been expanded to many aspects of modern life. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were of many nanomaterials utilized in biomedical applications. The interactions between nanoparticles and proteins are believed to be the base for the biological effect of the nanoparticles. The oxidation reaction of many substances is catalyzed by oxidizing enzymes called peroxidases. The activity of salivary peroxidase is elevated with periodontal diseases. the aim ofthis study is to examine the action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on salivary peroxidase activity.Material and method75 participants were enrolled in this study—Periodontitis group with 44 participants and the non-periodontitis group with 31 participants. The participants' age range was 35 to 50 years for both groups. The clinical parameters of plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were used in this study to determine the presence or absence of the periodontal disease. Unstimulated saliva was collected from all participants and analyzed for the activity of peroxidase enzyme under the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. ResultsThe Periodontitis group showed higher peroxidase enzyme activity than the non-periodontitis group and the activity of salivary peroxidase showed no correlation with the clinical parameters. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased salivary peroxidase activity. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the solid surface of nanoparticles could induce changes in the attached protein molecule which in turn causes changes in the effect of the nanoparticles on living tissue or organism. The titanium dioxide nanoparticles Play a role in increasing the activity of salivary peroxidase within the saliva of chronic periodontitis patients

Study the Effect of Parameters on Tire-Pavement Interaction Noise (TPIN)

The present study was prepared to determine the effect of different parameters on tire-pavement Interaction noise (TPIN). TPIN was calculated utilizing the Onboard Sound Intensity Method (OBSI) using apparatus Lutron 801 sound level meter single probe 1 kHz of one microphone is placed at the right back test tire with a specific distance. A total of 30 sections were selected for the main roads in Baghdad city, with 134 meters for each test section in length. TPIN data was calculated for various parameters such as different pavement types, various test vehicles, different speeds (40, 56, and 72) km/h, various types of tires, different pavement aging, and different mean texture depth (MTD) values Which is measured by a sand patch test. The sound intensity dBA increases when MTD value and vehicle speed increase in both types of pavements. On the other hand, the sound intensity dBA increases when age increases for asphalt pavement type while it decreases in asphalt concrete pavement type. In addition, the sound intensity dBA in the asphalt pavement type is lower than in the asphalt concrete pavement when compared to the condition of the new pavement. The opposite is in the case of old pavement surfaces. As well as, the sound intensity dBA in Bus is greater than in the passenger car, and the silver stone tire is lower than the Dunlop tire in the passenger car. Finally, it is concluded that TPIN may be reduced or increased due to the effect of different parameters