Procédé de désassemblage d'un assemblage membrane-électrodes d'une pile à combustible

Procédé de désassemblage d'au moins un assemblage membrane-électrodes d'une pile à combustible, le procédé comprenant :a) la fourniture d'au moins un assemblage membrane-électrodes comprenant des couches de diffusion de gaz anodique et cathodique, une couche anodique, une couche cathodique et une membrane d'échange de protons prise en sandwich entre les couches anodique et cathodique et entre les couches de diffusion de gaz anodique et cathodique; etb) la mise en contact de l'assemblage membrane-électrodes avec un fluide de désassemblage apte à imprégner et induire une expansion volumique de la membrane, la pression relative du fluide de désassemblage étant supérieure ou égale à 50 kPa, afin de réduire la force de cohésion entre au moins deux desdites couches et/ou entre la membrane et au moins une desdites couches en contact avec la membrane

Procédé de désassemblage d'un assemblage membrane-électrodes d'une pile à combustible

Procédé de désassemblage d'au moins un assemblage membrane-électrodes d'une pile à combustible, le procédé comprenant :a) la fourniture d'au moins un assemblage membrane-électrodes comprenant des couches de diffusion de gaz anodique et cathodique, une couche anodique, une couche cathodique et une membrane d'échange de protons prise en sandwich entre les couches anodique et cathodique et entre les couches de diffusion de gaz anodique et cathodique; etb) la mise en contact de l'assemblage membrane-électrodes avec un fluide de désassemblage apte à imprégner et induire une expansion volumique de la membrane, la pression relative du fluide de désassemblage étant supérieure ou égale à 50 kPa, afin de réduire la force de cohésion entre au moins deux desdites couches et/ou entre la membrane et au moins une desdites couches en contact avec la membrane

Methanol generation from co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O, using Ionic Liquid as electrolyte and solvent for CO2 capture

International audienceThe combination of CO2 capture and electroreduction to different value-added molecules seems to be a solution for industrial decarbonization. Different electrodes materials were studied in the last years for the selective reduction of carbon dioxide to different value-added molecules such as methanol. So far, Cu-based catalysts appear to be a unique material that is able to reduce CO2 to high-value products. On the other hand, Pd-based catalysts are less known for this type of application. Thus, the focus in this work is on the synthesis and comparison of the performances of Cu and Pd-based catalysts for methanol production. The other challenge is the development of the electrolyte for selective CO2 capture and electroreduction. To this date, ionic liquids show promising results for high CO2 absorption. This type of organic solvents has also multiple advantages such as wide electrotrochemical windows and good ionic conductivity. However, the high price of ionic liquids leads to the research of more affordable alternatives such as deep eutectic solvents. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop a DES-based electrolyte for CO2 capture and electroreduction to different value-added molecules using Pd-based catalysts

Role of Src Kinases in Mobilization of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Decay-Accelerating Factor by Dr Fimbria-Positive Adhering Bacteria ▿ †

Afa/Dr fimbriae constitute the major virulence factor of diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (Afa/Dr DAEC). After recognizing membrane-bound signaling receptors, they trigger cell responses. One of these receptors is the human decay-accelerating factor (hDAF). It has previously been reported that the binding of Afa/Dr fimbriae to hDAF quickly induces recruitment of hDAF around adhering bacteria. The aim of our study is to analyze the role of Src kinases in the Dr fimbria-induced recruitment of hDAF. Using biochemical methods and confocal microscopy followed by 3-dimensional (3D) analysis, we have shown that the activation and cell membrane targeting of Src kinases are necessary for the recruitment and organization of hDAF around adhering bacteria. We identified c-Src to be the specific kinase involved in this process. Using a set of Src-green fluorescent protein mutants, we showed that the catalytic activity and the Src homology 2 (SH2) and SH3 domains of the Src kinases are necessary for Dr fimbria-induced hDAF mobilization to occur. In addition, using mutated Dr fimbriae and a set of mutated hDAFs in which each of the complement control protein (CCP) domains had successively been deleted, we found that the aspartic acids at position 54 in the Dr fimbriae and in CCP domain 4 of hDAF played pivotal roles in the mobilization of the Src kinases and hDAF, respectively

Long-term safety and efficacy of patisiran for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: 12-month results of an open-label extension study

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Background: Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis is a rare, inherited, progressive disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. We assessed the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with patisiran, an RNA interference therapeutic that inhibits TTR production, in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Methods: This multicentre, open-label extension (OLE) trial enrolled patients at 43 hospitals or clinical centres in 19 countries as of Sept 24, 2018. Patients were eligible if they had completed the phase 3 APOLLO or phase 2 OLE parent studies and tolerated the study drug. Eligible patients from APOLLO (patisiran and placebo groups) and the phase 2 OLE (patisiran group) studies enrolled in this global OLE trial and received patisiran 0·3 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks with plans to continue to do so for up to 5 years. Efficacy assessments included measures of polyneuropathy (modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 [mNIS+7]), quality of life, autonomic symptoms, nutritional status, disability, ambulation status, motor function, and cardiac stress, with analysis by study groups (APOLLO-placebo, APOLLO-patisiran, phase 2 OLE patisiran) based on allocation in the parent trial. The global OLE is ongoing with no new enrolment, and current findings are based on the interim analysis of the patients who had completed 12-month efficacy assessments as of the data cutoff. Safety analyses included all patients who received one or more dose of patisiran up to the data cutoff. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02510261. Findings: Between July 13, 2015, and Aug 21, 2017, of 212 eligible patients, 211 were enrolled: 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group. At the data cutoff on Sept 24, 2018, 126 (92%) of 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 38 (78%) of 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 (100%) of 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group had completed 12-month assessments. At 12 months, improvements in mNIS+7 with patisiran were sustained from parent study baseline with treatment in the global OLE (APOLLO-patisiran mean change -4·0, 95 % CI -7·7 to -0·3; phase 2 OLE patisiran -4·7, -11·9 to 2·4). Mean mNIS+7 score improved from global OLE enrolment in the APOLLO-placebo group (mean change from global OLE enrolment -1·4, 95% CI -6·2 to 3·5). Overall, 204 (97%) of 211 patients reported adverse events, 82 (39%) reported serious adverse events, and there were 23 (11%) deaths. Serious adverse events were more frequent in the APOLLO-placebo group (28 [57%] of 49) than in the APOLLO-patisiran (48 [35%] of 137) or phase 2 OLE patisiran (six [24%] of 25) groups. The most common treatment-related adverse event was mild or moderate infusion-related reactions. The frequency of deaths in the global OLE was higher in the APOLLO-placebo group (13 [27%] of 49), who had a higher disease burden than the APOLLO-patisiran (ten [7%] of 137) and phase 2 OLE patisiran (0 of 25) groups. Interpretation: In this interim 12-month analysis of the ongoing global OLE study, patisiran appeared to maintain efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Continued long-term follow-up will be important for the overall assessment of safety and efficacy with patisiran.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio