3,639 research outputs found
Whispering gallery modes in open quantum billiards
The poles of the S-matrix and the wave functions of open 2D quantum billiards
with convex boundary of different shape are calculated by the method of complex
scaling. Two leads are attached to the cavities. The conductance of the
cavities is calculated at energies with one, two and three open channels in
each lead. Bands of overlapping resonance states appear which are localized
along the convex boundary of the cavities and contribute coherently to the
conductance. These bands correspond to the whispering gallery modes appearing
in the classical calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures in jpg and gif forma
Dynamics of open quantum systems
The coupling between the states of a system and the continuum into which it
is embedded, induces correlations that are especially large in the short time
scale. These correlations cannot be calculated by using a statistical or
perturbational approach. They are, however, involved in an approach describing
structure and reaction aspects in a unified manner. Such a model is the SMEC
(shell model embedded in the continuum). Some characteristic results obtained
from SMEC as well as some aspects of the correlations induced by the coupling
to the continuum are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
S-matrix theory for transmission through billiards in tight-binding approach
In the tight-binding approximation we consider multi-channel transmission
through a billiard coupled to leads. Following Dittes we derive the coupling
matrix, the scattering matrix and the effective Hamiltonian, but take into
account the energy restriction of the conductance band. The complex eigenvalues
of the effective Hamiltonian define the poles of the scattering matrix. For
some simple cases, we present exact values for the poles. We derive also the
condition for the appearance of double poles.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figures, submitted to J. Phys. A: Math. and Ge
Effective Hamiltonian and unitarity of the S matrix
The properties of open quantum systems are described well by an effective
Hamiltonian that consists of two parts: the Hamiltonian of the
closed system with discrete eigenstates and the coupling matrix between
discrete states and continuum. The eigenvalues of determine the
poles of the matrix. The coupling matrix elements
between the eigenstates of and the continuum may be very
different from the coupling matrix elements between the eigenstates
of and the continuum. Due to the unitarity of the matrix, the
\TW_k^{cc'} depend on energy in a non-trivial manner, that conflicts with the
assumptions of some approaches to reactions in the overlapping regime. Explicit
expressions for the wave functions of the resonance states and for their phases
in the neighbourhood of, respectively, avoided level crossings in the complex
plane and double poles of the matrix are given.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
Statistical aspects of nuclear coupling to continuum
Various global characteristics of the coupling between the bound and scattering states are explicitly studied based on realistic Shell Model Embedded in the Continuum. In particular, such characteristics are related to those of the scattering ensemble. It is found that in the region of higher density of states the coupling to continuum is largely consistent with the statistical model. However, assumption of channel equivalence in the statistical model is, in general, violated
Conductance of Open Quantum Billiards and Classical Trajectories
We analyse the transport phenomena of 2D quantum billiards with convex
boundary of different shape. The quantum mechanical analysis is performed by
means of the poles of the S-matrix while the classical analysis is based on the
motion of a free particle inside the cavity along trajectories with a different
number of bounces at the boundary. The value of the conductance depends on the
manner the leads are attached to the cavity. The Fourier transform of the
transmission amplitudes is compared with the length of the classical paths.
There is good agreement between classical and quantum mechanical results when
the conductance is achieved mainly by special short-lived states such as
whispering gallery modes (WGM) and bouncing ball modes (BBM). In these cases,
also the localization of the wave functions agrees with the picture of the
classical paths. The S-matrix is calculated classically and compared with the
transmission coefficients of the quantum mechanical calculations for five modes
in each lead. The number of modes coupled to the special states is effectively
reduced.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures (jpg), 2 table
Commensurate Itinerant Antiferromagnetism in BaFe2As2: 75As-NMR Studies on a Self-Flux Grown Single Crystal
We report results of 75As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on a
self-flux grown single crystal of BaFe2As2. A first-order antiferromagnetic
(AF) transition near 135 K was detected by the splitting of NMR lines, which is
accompanied by simultaneous structural transition as evidenced by a sudden
large change of the electric field gradient tensor at the As site. The NMR
results lead almost uniquely to the stripe spin structure in the AF phase. The
data of spin-lattice relaxation rate indicate development of anisotropic spin
fluctuations of the stripe-type with decreasing temperature in the paramagnetic
phase.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Nonlinear acousto-electric transport in a two-dimensional electron system
We study both theoretically and experimentally the nonlinear interaction
between an intense surface acoustic wave and a two-dimensional electron plasma
in semiconductor-piezocrystal hybrid structures. The experiments on hybrid
systems exhibit strongly nonlinear acousto-electric effects. The plasma turns
into moving electron stripes, the acousto-electric current reaches its maximum,
and the sound absorption strongly decreases. To describe the nonlinear
phenomena, we develop a coupled-amplitude method for a two-dimensional system
in the strongly nonlinear regime of interaction. At low electron densities the
absorption coefficient decreases with increasing sound intensity, whereas at
high electron density the absorption coefficient is not a monotonous function
of the sound intensity. High-harmonic generation coefficients as a function of
the sound intensity have a nontrivial behavior. Theory and experiment are found
to be in a good agreement.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure
Dynamics of quantum systems
A relation between the eigenvalues of an effective Hamilton operator and the
poles of the matrix is derived which holds for isolated as well as for
overlapping resonance states. The system may be a many-particle quantum system
with two-body forces between the constituents or it may be a quantum billiard
without any two-body forces. Avoided crossings of discrete states as well as of
resonance states are traced back to the existence of branch points in the
complex plane. Under certain conditions, these branch points appear as double
poles of the matrix. They influence the dynamics of open as well as of
closed quantum systems. The dynamics of the two-level system is studied in
detail analytically as well as numerically.Comment: 21 pages 7 figure
Observation of resonance trapping in an open microwave cavity
The coupling of a quantum mechanical system to open decay channels has been
theoretically studied in numerous works, mainly in the context of nuclear
physics but also in atomic, molecular and mesoscopic physics. Theory predicts
that with increasing coupling strength to the channels the resonance widths of
all states should first increase but finally decrease again for most of the
states. In this letter, the first direct experimental verification of this
effect, known as resonance trapping, is presented. In the experiment a
microwave Sinai cavity with an attached waveguide with variable slit width was
used.Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev. Let
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