Identify Competencies for Teachers of the World of Transportation in Industrial Arts

It is the purpose of this study to determine and list the competencies needed by teachers of World of Transportation for evaluation by those concerned

Timing Management in 5G and Its Implications for Location Privacy

The fifth generation (5G) technological leap has arrived, bringing with it promises of incredible data rates and never before seen precision in location accuracy. However this self-same precision carries with it the significant question: how will it be protected? These questions form the underlying motivation for this article where we examine 5G architecture which employs a radio access part commonly termed a cloud or centralized radio access network (C-RAN). The C-RAN centralizes higher-level physical layer processes while keeping lowlevel processes distributed throughout the physical network. We show how this architecture both increases location-based privacy through improved physical-layer security, but creates new privacy concerns via the extension of the radio access network through fronthauls connecting data transfer among low and high-level processing. Concurrently, the proposed 5G variable subcarrier spacing further exacerbates the former point. Through simulation we quantify the decrease in location privacy given the aforementioned considerations. It is shown that location privacy is inversely proportional to subcarrier spacing for user equipment (UE) connected to multiple 5G access points. Specifically, for a (UE) using the widest allowable subcarrier spacing location privacy drops to approximately three meters

Antigen-Specific vs. Neutralizing Antibodies Against Conditioned Media of Patients With Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Prospective Exploratory Study

The immunological response against Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is crucial for an improved understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. From April 2014 to February 2015, adult patients with C. difficile infection (CDI) were recruited, and the clinical course and treatment response were carefully monitored. On day 1, 3, and 6 after diagnosis, patient plasma samples were screened for anti-GDH (glutamate dehydrogenase), anti-TcdA, anti-TcdB, and anti-CWP84 (cell-wall protein 84) antibodies by ELISA. Additionally, neutralization assays of toxins from conditioned media of clinical isolates (RT010, RT014, and RT027) were performed. Most patients with CDI (n=46) had antibodies against GDH (85%) and CWP84 (61%), but only few had antibodies against TcdA (11%) and TcdB (28%). We found patients with neutralizing antibodies against C. difficile toxins (conditioned media) produced by RT027 (26%). A subgroup of these samples could neutralize both toxins from RT027 and RT014 [11%, (5/46)]; however, no single sample neutralized only RT014. Overall, neutralizing antibody titers were low (≤1:16). In a one week follow-up of acute infection, we never observed an early booster effect with seroconversion or antibody increases, irrespective of disease severity. No correlation was found between the presence of antigen-specific (ELISA) or neutralizing antibodies and the clinical course of disease. Anti-TcdB but not anti-TcdA antibodies correlated with the occurrence of neutralizing antibodies. In conclusion, natural antibody titers against C. difficile toxins were absent or low and were not associated with disease severity. The correlation between the anti-TcdB with toxin neutralization confirms the importance of TcdB for virulence of CDI. Alternative sensitization strategies, e.g., through vaccine development, are required to overcome the regular low-titer antibody production following natural intestinal C. difficile exposure

STRING 8--a global view on proteins and their functional interactions in 630 organisms

International audienceno abstrac

A large CRISPR-induced bystander mutation causes immune dysregulation.

A persistent concern with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has been the potential to generate mutations at off-target genomic sites. While CRISPR-engineering mice to delete a ~360 bp intronic enhancer, here we discovered a founder line that had marked immune dysregulation caused by a 24 kb tandem duplication of the sequence adjacent to the on-target deletion. Our results suggest unintended repair of on-target genomic cuts can cause pathogenic bystander mutations that escape detection by routine targeted genotyping assays

Willingness to Use a Wearable Device Capable of Detecting and Reversing Overdose Among People Who Use Opioids in Philadelphia

Background: The incidence of opioid-related overdose deaths has been rising for 30 years and has been further exacerbated amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Naloxone can reverse opioid overdose, lower death rates, and enable a transition to medication for opioid use disorder. Though current formulations for community use of naloxone have been shown to be safe and effective public health interventions, they rely on bystander presence. We sought to understand the preferences and minimum necessary conditions for wearing a device capable of sensing and reversing opioid overdose among people who regularly use opioids. Methods: We conducted a combined cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interview at a respite center, shelter, and syringe exchange drop-in program in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA during the COVID-19 pandemic in August and September 2020. The primary aim was to explore the proportion of participants who would use a wearable device to detect and reverse overdose. Preferences regarding designs and functionalities were collected via a questionnaire with items having Likert-based response options and a semi-structured interview intended to elicit feedback on prototype designs. Independent variables included demographics, opioid use habits, and previous experience with overdose. Results: A total of 97 adults with an opioid-use history of at least 3 months were interviewed. A majority of survey participants (76%) reported a willingness to use a device capable of detecting an overdose and automatically administering a reversal agent upon initial survey. When reflecting on the prototype, most respondents (75.5%) reported that they would wear the device always or most of the time. Respondents indicated discreetness and comfort as important factors that increased their chance of uptake. Respondents suggested that people experiencing homelessness and those with low tolerance for opioids would be in greatest need of the device. Conclusions: The majority of people sampled with a history of opioid use in an urban setting were interested in having access to a device capable of detecting and reversing an opioid overdose. Participants emphasized privacy and comfort as the most important factors influencing their willingness to use such a device. Trial Registration: NCT0453059

Remote control of neuronal activity in transgenic mice expressing evolved G protein-coupled receptors

Examining the behavioral consequences of selective CNS neuronal activation is a powerful tool for elucidating mammalian brain function in health and disease. Newly developed genetic, pharmacological, and optical tools allow activation of neurons with exquisite spatiotemporal resolution; however, the inaccessibility to light of widely distributed neuronal populations and the invasiveness required for activation by light or infused ligands limit the utility of these methods. To overcome these barriers, we created transgenic mice expressing an evolved G protein-coupled receptor (hM3Dq) selectively activated by the pharmacologically inert, orally bioavailable drug clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Here, we expressed hM3Dq in forebrain principal neurons. Local field potential and single-neuron recordings revealed that peripheral administration of CNO activated hippocampal neurons selectively in hM3Dq-expressing mice. Behavioral correlates of neuronal activation included increased locomotion, stereotypy, and limbic seizures. These results demonstrate a powerful chemical-genetic tool for remotely controlling the activity of discrete populations of neurons in vivo

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO