11 research outputs found

    Are Credit Cycles Different in the MENA Countries Compared to Advanced Countries?

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    This paper estimates private sector credit cycles for most of the oil-importing and oil-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Credit cycles are the medium-term component in spectral analysis of real private sector credit growth. Besides, the paper estimates the credit cycles for several developed countries. The analysis finds substantial differences and rare similarities between credit cycles in the Middle East and North Africa and advanced countries. Between 19642017, credit cycles in the Middle East and North Africa do not appear to be associated with GDP growth. They only explain a fraction of the growth in private sector credit, and they do not seem to be synchronized across oil exporters and oil importers

    Vieillissement du bois par des méthodes accélérées : effets des évolutions chimiques et physiques sur les propriétés hygro-mécaniques lors de traitements modérés

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    Aging of wood by accelerated methods: Effects of chemical and physical changes on the hygro-mechanical properties during moderate treatments. Wood material, as an envelope or structural material, is a material of interest in the field of construction and housing in cities, both for new construction and for the question of the raising of old buildings. Built heritage shows that wood makes it possible to design sustainable and healthy buildings, provided they are properly maintained. This material, by its biological nature, is likely to evolve over time and its properties can then change due to aging. These changes closely depend on environmental conditions (T, RH, UV rays, etc.) and on its storage and use conditions. Thus, the properties of this material can be improved or deteriorated with the passage of time. However, the complexity of the structure of wood and its properties, as well as the absence of well-defined experimental protocols, are an obstacle to fully understanding its hygro-mechanical properties and the modifications of its properties induced by aging. A better understanding of hygro-mechanical properties and aging mechanisms could help to estimate lifetimes, propose methods of maintenance or even restoration. Current aging techniques consist, for example, of heat treatments, which reduce hygroscopicity and improve dimensional stability. These techniques do not reproduce the natural aging for which it is necessary to continue research efforts. The thesis project proposes to better identify the effects of different accelerated aging techniques on the properties of oak wood (modern and historical) and to discuss the notion of accelerated aging by moderate artificial means (heat treatment at 120°C and repeated water cycles at 20°C and 50°C). It is with the help of innovative techniques such as 1H NMR relaxometry, but also thanks to colorimetry, infrared spectrometry and 13C NMR, that we were able to study their effects on water adsorption and observe modifications at the level of the wood cell wall. The study of water-wood interactions by means of 2D 1H NMR relaxometry made it possible to demonstrate (with the T1/T2 ratios of the peaks associated to bound water) the effects of these aging techniques on the changes in mobility of water, which is related to the dimensional changes observed. In addition to heat treatments at 120°C, reversibility tests were carried out. In addition, a more precise and non-invasive alternative method for calculating the dry mass of wood samples in laboratory research has been proposed. For this, the methods of 1D NMR (measurement of T2) and 2D (measurement of correlations between T1 and T2) were used to calculate the dry mass, which is compared to three conventional drying methods such as steaming and desiccationVieillissement du bois par des mĂ©thodes accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©es : Effets des Ă©volutions chimiques et physiques sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques lors de traitements modĂ©rĂ©s. Le matĂ©riau bois, comme matĂ©riau d’enveloppe ou de structure, est un matĂ©riau d’intĂ©rĂȘt dans le domaine de la construction et de l’habitation dans les villes, tant pour la construction neuve que pour la question de la surĂ©lĂ©vation d’immeubles anciens. Le patrimoine bĂąti montre que le bois permet de concevoir des bĂątiments durables et sains sous condition d’un bon entretien. Ce matĂ©riau, de par sa nature biologique, est susceptible d’évoluer au cours du temps et ses propriĂ©tĂ©s peuvent alors changer Ă  cause du vieillissement. Ces Ă©volutions dĂ©pendent Ă©troitement des conditions environnementales (T, HR, rayons UV
) et de ses conditions de stockage et d’usage. Ainsi, les propriĂ©tĂ©s de ce matĂ©riau peuvent ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©es ou dĂ©tĂ©riorĂ©es avec le passage du temps. Cependant, la complexitĂ© de la structure du bois et de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s, ainsi que l’absence de protocoles expĂ©rimentaux bien dĂ©terminĂ©s, sont un obstacle pour bien comprendre ses propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques et les modifications de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s induites par le vieillissement. Une meilleure comprĂ©hension des propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques et des mĂ©canismes de vieillissement pourrait aider Ă  estimer les durĂ©es de vie, proposer des mĂ©thodes de maintenance voire de restauration. Les techniques actuelles de vieillissement consistent par exemple en des traitements thermiques qui permettent de rĂ©duire l’hygroscopicitĂ© et amĂ©liorer la stabilitĂ© dimensionnelle. Ces techniques ne reproduisent pas le vieillissement naturel pour lequel il est nĂ©cessaire de poursuivre les efforts de recherche. Le projet de thĂšse propose de mieux identifier les effets de diffĂ©rentes techniques de vieillissement accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s du bois de chĂȘne (moderne et historique) et de discuter de la notion de vieillissement accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© par des moyens artificiels modĂ©rĂ©s (traitement thermique Ă  120°C et cycles hydriques rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©s Ă  20°C et 50°C). C’est avec l’aide de techniques innovantes comme la relaxomĂ©trie RMN 1H, mais aussi grĂące Ă  la colorimĂ©trie, la spectromĂ©trie Infrarouge et la RMN du 13C, que nous avons pu Ă©tudier leurs effets sur l’adsorption d’eau et observer des modifications au niveau de la paroi cellulaire du bois. L’étude des interactions eau-bois par le biais de la relaxomĂ©trie RMN 1H 2D a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence (avec les ratios T1/T2 des pics associĂ©s Ă  l’eau liĂ©e) les effets de ces techniques de vieillissement sur les changements de la mobilitĂ© de l’eau, qui est mise en relation avec les changements dimensionnels observĂ©s. En complĂ©ment des traitements thermiques Ă  120°C, des tests de rĂ©versibilitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s. Par ailleurs, une mĂ©thode alternative plus prĂ©cise et non-invasive pour le calcul de la masse sĂšche d’échantillons de bois dans le cadre de la recherche en laboratoire a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e. Pour cela, les mĂ©thodes de RMN 1D (mesure du T2) et 2D (mesure des corrĂ©lations entre T1 et T2) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour calculer la mase sĂšche qui est comparĂ©e Ă  trois mĂ©thodes classiques de sĂ©chage tels que l’étuvage et la dessiccatio

    Vieillissement du bois par des méthodes accélérées : effets des évolutions chimiques et physiques sur les propriétés hygro-mécaniques lors de traitements modérés

    No full text
    Aging of wood by accelerated methods: Effects of chemical and physical changes on the hygro-mechanical properties during moderate treatments. Wood material, as an envelope or structural material, is a material of interest in the field of construction and housing in cities, both for new construction and for the question of the raising of old buildings. Built heritage shows that wood makes it possible to design sustainable and healthy buildings, provided they are properly maintained. This material, by its biological nature, is likely to evolve over time and its properties can then change due to aging. These changes closely depend on environmental conditions (T, RH, UV rays, etc.) and on its storage and use conditions. Thus, the properties of this material can be improved or deteriorated with the passage of time. However, the complexity of the structure of wood and its properties, as well as the absence of well-defined experimental protocols, are an obstacle to fully understanding its hygro-mechanical properties and the modifications of its properties induced by aging. A better understanding of hygro-mechanical properties and aging mechanisms could help to estimate lifetimes, propose methods of maintenance or even restoration. Current aging techniques consist, for example, of heat treatments, which reduce hygroscopicity and improve dimensional stability. These techniques do not reproduce the natural aging for which it is necessary to continue research efforts. The thesis project proposes to better identify the effects of different accelerated aging techniques on the properties of oak wood (modern and historical) and to discuss the notion of accelerated aging by moderate artificial means (heat treatment at 120°C and repeated water cycles at 20°C and 50°C). It is with the help of innovative techniques such as 1H NMR relaxometry, but also thanks to colorimetry, infrared spectrometry and 13C NMR, that we were able to study their effects on water adsorption and observe modifications at the level of the wood cell wall. The study of water-wood interactions by means of 2D 1H NMR relaxometry made it possible to demonstrate (with the T1/T2 ratios of the peaks associated to bound water) the effects of these aging techniques on the changes in mobility of water, which is related to the dimensional changes observed. In addition to heat treatments at 120°C, reversibility tests were carried out. In addition, a more precise and non-invasive alternative method for calculating the dry mass of wood samples in laboratory research has been proposed. For this, the methods of 1D NMR (measurement of T2) and 2D (measurement of correlations between T1 and T2) were used to calculate the dry mass, which is compared to three conventional drying methods such as steaming and desiccationVieillissement du bois par des mĂ©thodes accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©es : Effets des Ă©volutions chimiques et physiques sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques lors de traitements modĂ©rĂ©s. Le matĂ©riau bois, comme matĂ©riau d’enveloppe ou de structure, est un matĂ©riau d’intĂ©rĂȘt dans le domaine de la construction et de l’habitation dans les villes, tant pour la construction neuve que pour la question de la surĂ©lĂ©vation d’immeubles anciens. Le patrimoine bĂąti montre que le bois permet de concevoir des bĂątiments durables et sains sous condition d’un bon entretien. Ce matĂ©riau, de par sa nature biologique, est susceptible d’évoluer au cours du temps et ses propriĂ©tĂ©s peuvent alors changer Ă  cause du vieillissement. Ces Ă©volutions dĂ©pendent Ă©troitement des conditions environnementales (T, HR, rayons UV
) et de ses conditions de stockage et d’usage. Ainsi, les propriĂ©tĂ©s de ce matĂ©riau peuvent ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©es ou dĂ©tĂ©riorĂ©es avec le passage du temps. Cependant, la complexitĂ© de la structure du bois et de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s, ainsi que l’absence de protocoles expĂ©rimentaux bien dĂ©terminĂ©s, sont un obstacle pour bien comprendre ses propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques et les modifications de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s induites par le vieillissement. Une meilleure comprĂ©hension des propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques et des mĂ©canismes de vieillissement pourrait aider Ă  estimer les durĂ©es de vie, proposer des mĂ©thodes de maintenance voire de restauration. Les techniques actuelles de vieillissement consistent par exemple en des traitements thermiques qui permettent de rĂ©duire l’hygroscopicitĂ© et amĂ©liorer la stabilitĂ© dimensionnelle. Ces techniques ne reproduisent pas le vieillissement naturel pour lequel il est nĂ©cessaire de poursuivre les efforts de recherche. Le projet de thĂšse propose de mieux identifier les effets de diffĂ©rentes techniques de vieillissement accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s du bois de chĂȘne (moderne et historique) et de discuter de la notion de vieillissement accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© par des moyens artificiels modĂ©rĂ©s (traitement thermique Ă  120°C et cycles hydriques rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©s Ă  20°C et 50°C). C’est avec l’aide de techniques innovantes comme la relaxomĂ©trie RMN 1H, mais aussi grĂące Ă  la colorimĂ©trie, la spectromĂ©trie Infrarouge et la RMN du 13C, que nous avons pu Ă©tudier leurs effets sur l’adsorption d’eau et observer des modifications au niveau de la paroi cellulaire du bois. L’étude des interactions eau-bois par le biais de la relaxomĂ©trie RMN 1H 2D a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence (avec les ratios T1/T2 des pics associĂ©s Ă  l’eau liĂ©e) les effets de ces techniques de vieillissement sur les changements de la mobilitĂ© de l’eau, qui est mise en relation avec les changements dimensionnels observĂ©s. En complĂ©ment des traitements thermiques Ă  120°C, des tests de rĂ©versibilitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s. Par ailleurs, une mĂ©thode alternative plus prĂ©cise et non-invasive pour le calcul de la masse sĂšche d’échantillons de bois dans le cadre de la recherche en laboratoire a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e. Pour cela, les mĂ©thodes de RMN 1D (mesure du T2) et 2D (mesure des corrĂ©lations entre T1 et T2) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour calculer la mase sĂšche qui est comparĂ©e Ă  trois mĂ©thodes classiques de sĂ©chage tels que l’étuvage et la dessiccatio

    Aging of wood by accelerated methods : Effects of chemical and physical changes on the hygro-mechanical properties during moderate treatmentses

    No full text
    Vieillissement du bois par des mĂ©thodes accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©es : Effets des Ă©volutions chimiques et physiques sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques lors de traitements modĂ©rĂ©s. Le matĂ©riau bois, comme matĂ©riau d’enveloppe ou de structure, est un matĂ©riau d’intĂ©rĂȘt dans le domaine de la construction et de l’habitation dans les villes, tant pour la construction neuve que pour la question de la surĂ©lĂ©vation d’immeubles anciens. Le patrimoine bĂąti montre que le bois permet de concevoir des bĂątiments durables et sains sous condition d’un bon entretien. Ce matĂ©riau, de par sa nature biologique, est susceptible d’évoluer au cours du temps et ses propriĂ©tĂ©s peuvent alors changer Ă  cause du vieillissement. Ces Ă©volutions dĂ©pendent Ă©troitement des conditions environnementales (T, HR, rayons UV
) et de ses conditions de stockage et d’usage. Ainsi, les propriĂ©tĂ©s de ce matĂ©riau peuvent ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©es ou dĂ©tĂ©riorĂ©es avec le passage du temps. Cependant, la complexitĂ© de la structure du bois et de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s, ainsi que l’absence de protocoles expĂ©rimentaux bien dĂ©terminĂ©s, sont un obstacle pour bien comprendre ses propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques et les modifications de ses propriĂ©tĂ©s induites par le vieillissement. Une meilleure comprĂ©hension des propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques et des mĂ©canismes de vieillissement pourrait aider Ă  estimer les durĂ©es de vie, proposer des mĂ©thodes de maintenance voire de restauration. Les techniques actuelles de vieillissement consistent par exemple en des traitements thermiques qui permettent de rĂ©duire l’hygroscopicitĂ© et amĂ©liorer la stabilitĂ© dimensionnelle. Ces techniques ne reproduisent pas le vieillissement naturel pour lequel il est nĂ©cessaire de poursuivre les efforts de recherche. Le projet de thĂšse propose de mieux identifier les effets de diffĂ©rentes techniques de vieillissement accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s du bois de chĂȘne (moderne et historique) et de discuter de la notion de vieillissement accĂ©lĂ©rĂ© par des moyens artificiels modĂ©rĂ©s (traitement thermique Ă  120°C et cycles hydriques rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©s Ă  20°C et 50°C). C’est avec l’aide de techniques innovantes comme la relaxomĂ©trie RMN 1H, mais aussi grĂące Ă  la colorimĂ©trie, la spectromĂ©trie Infrarouge et la RMN du 13C, que nous avons pu Ă©tudier leurs effets sur l’adsorption d’eau et observer des modifications au niveau de la paroi cellulaire du bois. L’étude des interactions eau-bois par le biais de la relaxomĂ©trie RMN 1H 2D a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence (avec les ratios T1/T2 des pics associĂ©s Ă  l’eau liĂ©e) les effets de ces techniques de vieillissement sur les changements de la mobilitĂ© de l’eau, qui est mise en relation avec les changements dimensionnels observĂ©s. En complĂ©ment des traitements thermiques Ă  120°C, des tests de rĂ©versibilitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s. Par ailleurs, une mĂ©thode alternative plus prĂ©cise et non-invasive pour le calcul de la masse sĂšche d’échantillons de bois dans le cadre de la recherche en laboratoire a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e. Pour cela, les mĂ©thodes de RMN 1D (mesure du T2) et 2D (mesure des corrĂ©lations entre T1 et T2) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour calculer la mase sĂšche qui est comparĂ©e Ă  trois mĂ©thodes classiques de sĂ©chage tels que l’étuvage et la dessiccationAging of wood by accelerated methods: Effects of chemical and physical changes on the hygro-mechanical properties during moderate treatments. Wood material, as an envelope or structural material, is a material of interest in the field of construction and housing in cities, both for new construction and for the question of the raising of old buildings. Built heritage shows that wood makes it possible to design sustainable and healthy buildings, provided they are properly maintained. This material, by its biological nature, is likely to evolve over time and its properties can then change due to aging. These changes closely depend on environmental conditions (T, RH, UV rays, etc.) and on its storage and use conditions. Thus, the properties of this material can be improved or deteriorated with the passage of time. However, the complexity of the structure of wood and its properties, as well as the absence of well-defined experimental protocols, are an obstacle to fully understanding its hygro-mechanical properties and the modifications of its properties induced by aging. A better understanding of hygro-mechanical properties and aging mechanisms could help to estimate lifetimes, propose methods of maintenance or even restoration. Current aging techniques consist, for example, of heat treatments, which reduce hygroscopicity and improve dimensional stability. These techniques do not reproduce the natural aging for which it is necessary to continue research efforts. The thesis project proposes to better identify the effects of different accelerated aging techniques on the properties of oak wood (modern and historical) and to discuss the notion of accelerated aging by moderate artificial means (heat treatment at 120°C and repeated water cycles at 20°C and 50°C). It is with the help of innovative techniques such as 1H NMR relaxometry, but also thanks to colorimetry, infrared spectrometry and 13C NMR, that we were able to study their effects on water adsorption and observe modifications at the level of the wood cell wall. The study of water-wood interactions by means of 2D 1H NMR relaxometry made it possible to demonstrate (with the T1/T2 ratios of the peaks associated to bound water) the effects of these aging techniques on the changes in mobility of water, which is related to the dimensional changes observed. In addition to heat treatments at 120°C, reversibility tests were carried out. In addition, a more precise and non-invasive alternative method for calculating the dry mass of wood samples in laboratory research has been proposed. For this, the methods of 1D NMR (measurement of T2) and 2D (measurement of correlations between T1 and T2) were used to calculate the dry mass, which is compared to three conventional drying methods such as steaming and desiccatio

    Analysis of water content in wood material through 1D and 2D 1H NMR relaxometry: application to te the determination of the dry mass of wood

    No full text
    International audienceThere is an increasing interest on wood as it is an environmentally sustainable product (e.g. biodegradable and renewable). Thus, an accurate characterisation of wood properties is of extreme importance as they define the kind of application for which each type of wood can be used. For instance, dry mass of wood is a key parameter itself and is needed to calculate Moisture Content (MC) of wood, which is correlated to its physical properties. Due to the limitations of commonly used drying methods, preliminary work has shown the potential of 1H NMR to measure dry mass of wood but it has never been validated. Here, we performed a critical analysis of 1D and 2D 1H NMR relaxometry methods for obtaining the dry mass of wood and we compared their performance to three commonly used drying methods. This showed that commonly used drying methods do not remove all water from wood. Moreover, we are able to classify them accordingly to their performance. In addition, we showed that MC values obtained by 1H NMR relaxometry methods are higher (up to 20%) than values from commonly used drying methods. This empathizes the importance of accurate values of dry mass of wood and the utility of 1H NMR relaxometry on wood sciences. When comparing both NMR relaxometry methods, 2D should provide the more accurate results but 1D measurements would also be a recommended choice as they are faster than 2D and their results clearly overcome commonly used drying methods in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner

    Etude de l'effet d'un traitement thermique modéré sur l'hygroscopicité du bois par relaxométrie RMN du proton

    No full text
    International audienceLe bois, en tant que matĂ©riau de construction, est un matĂ©riau pertinent tant pour les bĂątiments neufs que pour la rĂ©novation d’anciennes bĂątisses. Le patrimoine bĂąti montre que le bois permet de concevoir des monuments sains et durables. Pour toutefois estimer les durĂ©es de vie ou proposer des mĂ©thodes d'entretien ou de rĂ©novation, il est nĂ©cessaire de poursuivre les efforts de recherche pour comprendre les mĂ©canismes du vieillissement physique du bois et leurs effets sur ses propriĂ©tĂ©s hygro-mĂ©caniques Ă  l'Ă©chelle de ses constituants.Le but de cette Ă©tude est d'Ă©valuer la relation entre la perte d'eau et le comportement hygroscopique de la structure de la paroi cellulaire avant et aprĂšs un traitement thermique modĂ©rĂ©. Par consĂ©quent, la relaxomĂ©trie par rĂ©sonance magnĂ©tique nuclĂ©aire du proton (1H RMN) est utilisĂ©e pour dĂ©tecter l'eau liĂ©e dans les parois cellulaires du bois. Cette mĂ©thode gagne en popularitĂ© dans le domaine de la recherche car elle est non invasive, non destructive et permet d'Ă©tudier le mĂȘme matĂ©riau soumis Ă  diffĂ©rentes sollicitations. Ici, nous Ă©tudions l'Ă©tat de l'eau adsorbĂ©e sur les parois cellulaires du bois grĂące Ă  la relaxomĂ©trie RMN 1H Ă  faible champ (LF)

    Investigation of the effect of aging on wood hygroscopicity by 2D 1 H NMR relaxometry

    No full text
    International audience2D 1 H NMR relaxometry is increasingly used in the field of wood sciences due to its great potential in detecting and quantifying water states at the level of wood constituents. More precisely, in this study, this technique is used to investigate the changes induced by "natural" and "artificial" aging methods on modern and historical oak woods. Two bound water components are detected and present differences in terms of association to the different wood polymers in cell walls: one is more strongly associated to wood polymers than the other. The evolution of the two bound water types is discussed in regard to aging methods and is related to the structure of the cell wall, especially with the S2 layer and the evolution of wood chemical composition (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). The evolution of hydric strains is discussed taking into account the effect of aging methods on the two bound water components too. The obtained results confirm the ability of 2D NMR relaxomety to evaluate the effect of aging at the molecular level and on hydric deformation. Furthermore, this method shows that it is possible to determine the moisture content of wood without the necessity to oven-dry the wood material

    Reversible and irreversible effects of a moderate heat treatment on the moisture sorption and swelling behavior of modern and historical oak wood

    No full text
    International audienceThe reversibility of a moderate thermal treatment (TT) at 120 °C on modern and historical oak wood samples was investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry, equilibrium moisture content (EMC) determination, and measurements of volumetric deformations. The EMC values showed full reversibility after conditioning the samples at 65% relative humidity (RH) for one week, in agreement with previous research that utilized moderate TTs. However, 1H NMR relaxometry evidenced an irreversible effect on water mobility (i.e., molecular tumbling) for both wood samples. This result is compared to volumetric deformations that are determined by considering two reference states. When using, as a reference, the dry volume at each state, volumetric deformations are consistent with EMC values. However, when using the dry volume of the sample before TT, the volumetric deformations are found to be higher than the ones before TT for modern wood but remain lower for historical wood. The irreversible changes in water dynamics suggest that some modifications of the wood structure have not been completely recovered but are not linked to the changes in volumetric deformations. In addition, 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy allowed the comparison of the composition between both wood samples, suggesting that their different behavior concerning volumetric deformations could be explained by a lower proportion of acetyl groups from hemicelluloses for historical wood due to its natural aging. We showed that combining macroscopic observations with molecular-level information gained from 1H and 13C NMR leads to a deeper understanding of the effects of thermal treatments and reversibility tests

    Etude des mécanismes de sorption dans le bois par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire

    No full text
    International audienceL'utilisation du bois dans la construction peut prĂ©senter un atout en termes de structures innovantes et d'enjeux environnementaux. Les recherches actuelles au sein du laboratoire Navier tentent de mieux comprendre l'effet de l'humiditĂ© sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s mĂ©caniques du bois et des structures en bois. En effet, ce matĂ©riau est sensible aux variations climatiques (tempĂ©rature, humiditĂ© relative) et ses propriĂ©tĂ©s peuvent ĂȘtre altĂ©rĂ©es en condition d'usage et induire des dĂ©sordres dans les structures, du fait notamment des variations dimensionnelles. Il est donc nĂ©cessaire de mieux comprendre les comportements du bois en conditions variables d'hygromĂ©trie. Ce travail vise Ă  Ă©tudier le comportement hygroscopique du bois en sorption/dĂ©sorption, mis en lien avec sa structure, par la technique de relaxomĂ©trie par RĂ©sonance MagnĂ©tique NuclĂ©aire. Cette technique non destructive et non invasive permet de suivre les Ă©tats de l'eau dans le bois au cours de variations hygromĂ©triques
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