On Designing Lightweight RFID Security Protocols for Medical IoT

Recently, in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Fan et al. proposed a lightweight RFID protocol which has been suggested to be employed for protecting the Medical Privacy in an IoT system. However, the protocol has trivial flaws, as it is shown recently by Aghili et al., in Future Generation Computer Systems. Aghili et al. also proposed an improved version of the protocol, based on the similar designing paradigm, called SecLAP. Although the protocol\u27s designers claimed full security against all attacks, we show that the proposed protocol has serious security flaws, by presenting traceability and passive secret disclosure attacks against this protocol. More precisely, we present passive partial secret disclosure attack with the complexity of eavesdropping one session of the protocol and success probability of `1\u27. The disclosed parameters can be used to trace the tag/reader in any later session which compromises the tag/reader privacy. In addition, we present a passive full secret disclosure attack against SecLAP which can disclose $2n$-bit secret key, $n$-bit $TID$ and $n$-bit $RID$ with the computational complexity of $27n^7$. In addition, we show that, as it is expected, Fan et al.\u27s protocol has security flaws in random oracle model, where the adversary\u27s advantage after $q$ queries to distinguish the protocol from a random oracle is $1- 2^{-q}$. We also evaluate the security of SecLAP in the random oracle model and show that it is as insecure as its predecessor

On the (im)possibility of receiving security beyond 2^l using an l-bit PRNG: the case of Wang et. al. protocol

Recently,Wang et al. analyzed the security of two EPC C1-G2 compliant RFID authentication protocols, called RAPLT and SRP^+, and proved that these protocols are vulnerable against de-synchronization and secret disclosure attacks. The time complexity of their attacks were O(2^{16}). In addition, they proposed an improved version of SRP^+ entitled SRP^{++}, for which they claim the security would be O(2^{32}). However, in this letter, we analyze the security of SRP^{++} and show that the complexity of retrieving all secret parameters of a given tag is $O(2^{16})$, similar to its predecessor protocol

ENIGMA-Sleep:Challenges, opportunities, and the road map

Neuroimaging and genetics studies have advanced our understanding of the neurobiology of sleep and its disorders. However, individual studies usually have limitations to identifying consistent and reproducible effects, including modest sample sizes, heterogeneous clinical characteristics and varied methodologies. These issues call for a large-scale multi-centre effort in sleep research, in order to increase the number of samples, and harmonize the methods of data collection, preprocessing and analysis using pre-registered well-established protocols. The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium provides a powerful collaborative framework for combining datasets across individual sites. Recently, we have launched the ENIGMA-Sleep working group with the collaboration of several institutes from 15 countries to perform large-scale worldwide neuroimaging and genetics studies for better understanding the neurobiology of impaired sleep quality in population-based healthy individuals, the neural consequences of sleep deprivation, pathophysiology of sleep disorders, as well as neural correlates of sleep disturbances across various neuropsychiatric disorders. In this introductory review, we describe the details of our currently available datasets and our ongoing projects in the ENIGMA-Sleep group, and discuss both the potential challenges and opportunities of a collaborative initiative in sleep medicine

Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields around High Voltage Power Supply in Hamadan Hospital Wards

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background and Objectives: Biological effects of non-ionizing radiation on the body of living organisms have been studied by researchers in recent years. High Voltage medical equipments are one of the sources generating electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic field intensity of the medical equipment installed at Hamadan hospitals and the potential hazards were investigated. The main purpose of this study was to determine the intensity of the electromagnetic field around high voltage power supplies in radiology ward of the Hamadan hospitals. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and we investigated the electromagnetic fields intensity around high voltage power supplies at Hamadan hospital wards. All measurements were performed using a calibrated Tesla-meter (HI-3603). The measurements were conducted at a range of distances varying from 25 cm to 3 m around the supporting high voltage power supply. Results: We found that the maximum intensity of the magnetic and electric fields at a distance of less than 1 m around the high voltage power supply was 29.625±5.738 mGauss and 25.17±0.92 V/m respectively, which is less than the safe amounts recommended by the ICNIRP for occupational exposure (5000 mG and 10000 V/m) and even for public exposure (1000 mG and and 5000 V/m). The minimum intensity of EM fields for a less than 3 m distance was found to be 0.1±0.005 mGauss, which relates to a CT-scanner system installed at Farshchian hospital. Among the whole equipments evaluated in the current survey, the most intense magnetic and electric field was found to be for imaging technician office, which was 3.050±0.004 mGauss and 128.88±0.05 V/m respectively; it is lower than the tolerances recommended by the ICNIRP. Conclusion: According to our results, it seems that the EM field occupational exposure for radiation workers working at Hamadan hospitals does not exceed the tolerances recommended by the ICNIRP. Therefore, we did not find any issue related to the over-irradiation of non-ionizing among the radiologists studied. It is recommended that different brands of generators to be used in order to conduct a detailed and comprehensive study to compare the intensity of the electrical and magnetic fields. st1":*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;

Designing and dosimetry of a shield for photon fields of radiation therapy in oral cavity cancer

The cancer of oral cavity is related to lesions of mucous membrane of tongue and gum that can be treated with radiation therapy. A lateral photon field can be used to treat this kind of tumor, which has a side-effect on normal tissue in the opposite side of the oral cavity. In this study the dosimetric effect of the various shields in oral cavity is evaluated. In this study, a special phantom similar to the structure of oral cavity with capability of film dosimetry was designed and constructed. The various shield slabs were made of five materials: Lead, Plexiglas, Acrylic resin, Silicon and Plaster. For irradiation, Cobalt 60 (60Co) and 6 MV photon beams were used. The film dosimetry before and after the shield was performed using GAFCHROMIC EBT2 films. The film before the shield measures the magnitude of backscattering radiation from the shield. The prescribed dose was 150 cGy. Results showed that 3 cm of the lead in both energies had the maximum absorption of radiation. The absorbed dose to opposite side of shield for 6 MV photon beams and 60Co were 21 and 32 cGy, respectively. The minimum attenuation on radiation was observed in silicon shield for which the dose of opposite side were 116 and 147 cGy for 6 MV and 60Co respectively. The maximum backscattered dose was measured 177 cGy and 219 cGy using 3 cm thickness of lead, which was quite considerable. The minimum backscattering where for acrylic resin 101 and 118 cGy for 6 MV and cobalt. In this study, it was concluded that the amount of backscattering for 3 cm Lead shield is quite considerable and increases the dose significantly. A composite layer of shield with 1-2 cm lead and 1 cm acrylic resin can have the protective effect and low backscattering radiation at the same time

The relationship between body mass index and depression, anxiety, body image, and eating attitudes in adolescents in Iran

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression, anxiety, body image, and eating attitudes in 12- to 16-year-old adolescents. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study on 437 students in Shahrekord, Iran, selected by two-step random sampling (selection of schools and students), participants were divided into normal weight (BMI: 5-85th), overweight (BMI: 85-95th), and obese (BMI > 95th) groups and completed the questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS version 23. Results: BMI had a positive correlation with anxiety, depression, and dysfunctional eating attitudes, and negative correlation with body image in adolescents. Mean scores of depression and anxiety in both overweight and obese groups were significantly higher than those in normal weight adolescents but scores of body image and eating attitudes were not different between overweight and normal weight groups. Conclusion: Obesity and overweight may have adverse effects on mental health of adolescents and more attention to psychological aspect of obesity can help us to provide better health services to overweight and obese adolescents

IoT Device Security: Challenging “A Lightweight RFID Mutual Authentication Protocol Based on Physical Unclonable Function”

With the exponential increase of Internet of things (IoT) connected devices, important security risks are raised as any device could be used as an attack channel. This preoccupation is particularly important with devices featuring limited processing power and memory capabilities for security purposes. In line with this idea, Xu et al. (2018) proposed a lightweight Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) mutual authentication protocol based on Physical Unclonable Function (PUF)—ensuring mutual tag-reader verification and preventing clone attacks. While Xu et al. claim that their security protocol is efficient to protect RFID systems, we found it still vulnerable to a desynchronization attack and to a secret disclosure attack. Hence, guidelines for the improvements to the protocol are also suggested, for instance by changing the structure of the messages to avoid trivial attacks. In addition, we provide an explicit protocol for which our formal and informal security analysis have found no weaknesses

The Rise of Passive RFID RTLS Solutions in Industry 5.0

In today’s competitive landscape, manufacturing companies must embrace digital transformation. This study asserts that integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for the deployment of real-time location systems (RTLS) is crucial for better monitoring of critical assets. Despite the challenge of selecting the right technology for specific needs from a wide range of indoor RTLS options, this study provides a solution to assist manufacturing companies in exploring and implementing IoT technologies for their RTLS needs. The current academic literature has not adequately addressed this industrial reality. This paper assesses the potential of Passive UHF RFID-RTLS in Industry 5.0, addressing the confusion caused by the emergence of new ’passive’ RFID solutions that compete with established ’active’ solutions. Our research aims to clarify the real-world performance of passive RTLS solutions and propose an updated classification of RTLS systems in the academic literature. We have thoroughly reviewed both the academic and industry literature to remain up to date with the latest market advancements. Passive UHF RFID has been proven to be a valuable addition to the RTLS domain, capable of addressing certain challenges. This has been demonstrated through the successful implementation in two industrial sites, each with different types of tagged objects

The impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on circulating levels of malondialdehyde: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder which associated with increased oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a reliable marker of lipid peroxidation and is elevated in patients with OSA. Studies reported inconsistent findings on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on MDA levels. As the study power maybe a reason for the inconsistent findings, we aimed to use meta-analysis to assess effect of CPAP therapy on MDA in patients with OSA. Method: Electronic search was performed to find out studies on the effect of CAPA on MDA levels in OSA patients. Search carried out in databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane library and web of science. Results: Search resulted in 161 records of which 83 remained after removing duplicated records. Further, 51 articles were removed by title and abstract and 22 records evaluated by full text. Finally 13 articles were included in the intended meta-analysis. Pooled analysis demonstrated that CPAP therapy reduced MDA levels significantly [SMD (-1.51) (95% CI, -2.06 to −0.97) p 50 years), BMI (≤30 and > 30 kg/m2) and therapy duration (≤12 week and >12 week). Conclusion: the results of the present study demonstrated considerable effect of CPAP therapy on MDA as independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and robust marker of lipid peroxidation