Il bambino e il ‘gladiatore’. Una ricca sepoltura infantile nella Padova di media età imperiale

Il bambino e il ‘gladiatore’. Una ricca sepoltura infantile nella Padova di media età imperiale Il contributo ha per oggetto un’inumazione infantile databile alla seconda metà del II secolo d.C., scoperta a Padova nel 2012 nel settore della necropoli urbana meridionale afferente alla strada diretta a Bologna. La presentazione dei dati ha inizio con l’analisi tipo-cronologica dei manufatti. A seguire, si propone una ricostruzione del rituale di seppellimento partendo dai dati tafonomici, dallo scavo della fossa con manomissione di una tomba precedente, alla deposizione della cassa e dei materiali di accompagno. Un occhio di riguardo si riserva all’elemento più singolare del corredo: una statuetta fittile di gladiatore, unicum nel suo genere per tipologia, stato di conservazione e integrità del contesto di ritrovamento. Chiude il contributo una riflessione di carattere economico, suscitata dalla provenienza dei manufatti, con dati che gettano nuova luce sulla rete commerciale della civitas di media età imperiale.This paper concerns an infant burial dated to the second half of the 2nd century AD, discovered in Padua in 2012, in the Southern cemetery of the ancient city, along the road to Bologna. The report starts with the chrono-typological analysis of the grave goods. Afterwards, a reconstruction of the burial practice is suggested, based on taphonomic data, from the excavation of the pit, with tampering of a previous grave, to the deposition of the wooden coffin and the artefacts. An in-depth analysis is focused on the most relevant element among the grave goods: a clay gladiator figurine, unicum as for the typology, the state of preservation and the integrity of the original context. Finally, the paper is closed by some economic considerations, deriving from the origin of the artefacts, with data that could shed new light on the commercial network and the role of Padua in the Mid-Imperial age

Clues for the origin of the fundamental metallicity relations. I: The hierarchical building up of the structure

We analyse the evolutionary history of galaxies formed in a hierarchical scenario consistent with the concordance $\Lambda$-CDM model focusing on the study of the relation between their chemical and dynamical properties. Our simulations consistently describe the formation of the structure and its chemical enrichment within a cosmological context. Our results indicate that the luminosity-metallicity (LZR) and the stellar mass-metallicity (MZR) relations are naturally generated in a hierarchical scenario. Both relations are found to evolve with redshift. In the case of the MZR, the estimated evolution is weaker than that deduced from observational works by approximately 0.10 dex. We also determine a characteristic stellar mass, $M_c \approx 3 \times 10^{10} M_{\odot}$, which segregates the simulated galaxy population into two distinctive groups and which remains unchanged since $z\sim 3$, with a very weak evolution of its metallicity content. The value and role played by $M_c$ is consistent with the characteristic mass estimated from the SDSS galaxy survey by Kauffmann et al. (2004). Our findings suggest that systems with stellar masses smaller than $M_c$ are responsible for the evolution of this relation at least from $z\approx 3$. Larger systems are stellar dominated and have formed more than 50 per cent of their stars at $z \ge 2$, showing very weak evolution since this epoch. We also found bimodal metallicity and age distributions from $z\sim3$, which reflects the existence of two different galaxy populations. Although SN feedback may affect the properties of galaxies and help to shape the MZR, it is unlikely that it will significantly modify $M_c$ since, from $z=3$ this stellar mass is found in systems with circular velocities larger than 100 \kms.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures. Minor changes to match accepted version. Accepted October 3 MNRA

Participación femenina en el mercado de trabajo: efectos sobre la distribución del ingreso en el Uruguay

En este trabajo se analiza como ha impactado la mayor articipación femenina en el mercado de trabajo uruguayo sobre la equidad durante el período comprendido entre 1986 y 1997. El estudio se realiza para Montevideo y para el Resto del País Urbano. Los resultados, obtenidos a partir de la Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, indican que todas las fuentes contribuyen en forma positiva a la desigualdad total por hogar, lo cual es debido a que todas tienen una correlación positiva con el ingreso del hogar. Pero al analizar como han evolucionado las ontribuciones de las distintas fuentes a lo largo del período se encuentran resultados diferentes para Montevideo e Interior.

Tourism Initiatives Developed through Collaboration with Foreign Organizations: The Emergence of Responsible Practices in Cuba

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Tourism Planning & Development on 7 July 2017, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/21568316.2017.1349688 This study concerns tourism initiatives by foreign organizations and their contributions to the emergence of responsible tourism in Cuba. Using the framework of Community Benefit Tourism Initiatives, this study investigates the local actors’ and the foreign organizations’ perspective on responsible tourism, the processes of planning and developing tourism initiatives, their implementation and the effects on the local communities. The empirical part concerns a case study about an initiative originated from a cultural development project by an Italian D-NGO and developed through the collaboration with an Italian tour operator. The findings suggest that, even in the case where such initiatives aren’t strategically planned and start with a limited participation of local actors, they can lead to important benefits for the local communities. The findings also suggest that these types of initiatives can constitute a solid basis for future developments with an increasing active participation by the local actors

A cross-talk between DNA methylation and H3 lysine 9 dimethylation at the KvDMR1 region controls the induction of Cdkn1c in muscle cells

The cdk inhibitor p57kip2, encoded by the Cdkn1c gene, plays a critical role in mammalian development and in the differentiation of several tissues. Cdkn1c protein levels are carefully regulated via imprinting and other epigenetic mechanisms affecting both the promoter and distant regulatory elements, which restrict its expression to particular developmental phases or specific cell types. Inappropriate activation of these regulatory mechanisms leads to Cdkn1c silencing, causing growth disorders and cancer. We have previously reported that, in skeletal muscle cells, induction of Cdkn1c expression requires the binding of the bHLH myogenic factor MyoD to a long-distance regulatory element within the imprinting control region KvDMR1. Interestingly, MyoD binding to KvDMR1 is prevented in myogenic cell types refractory to the induction of Cdkn1c. In the present work, we took advantage of this model system to investigate the epigenetic determinants of the differential interaction of MyoD with KvDMR1. We show that treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine restores the binding of MyoD to KvDMR1 in cells unresponsive to Cdkn1c induction. This, in turn, promotes the release of a repressive chromatin loop between KvDMR1 and Cdkn1c promoter and, thus, the upregulation of the gene. Analysis of the chromatin status of Cdkn1c promoter and KvDMR1 in unresponsive compared to responsive cell types showed that their differential responsiveness to the MyoD-dependent induction of the gene does not involve just their methylation status but, rather, the differential H3 lysine 9 dimethylation at KvDMR1. Finally, we report that the same histone modification also marks the KvDMR1 region of human cancer cells in which Cdkn1c is silenced. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the epigenetic status of KvDMR1 represents a critical determinant of the cell type-restricted expression of Cdkn1c and, possibly, of its aberrant silencing in some pathological conditions

Participación femenina en el mercado de trabajo: efectos sobre la distribución del ingreso en el Uruguay

This paper analyzes the impact that the women participation in the labor market had on income distribution on the market Uruguayan labor market between 1986 and 1997. The study is carried out for Montevideo and for the Rest of the Urban Country. The results, using the Household Surveys (ECH) from the National Institute of Statistic, indicate that all income sources contribute in positive form to the total inequality. But they are different results for Montevideo and Interior.

Beyond the authenticity–standardisation paradox in international gastronomy retailing: Twisting the hosting city brand with the place of origin

PurposeThis study aims to frame the authenticity–standardisation relationship in international gastronomy retailing and explores how and to what extent the food place of origin and the urban context in which the gastronomy stores are located shape customers' in-store experience.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the case of Eataly, which combines specialty grocery stores and restaurants disseminating the Italian eating style, quality food and regional traditions internationally. Facebook reviews (1,018) of four Eataly stores – New York City, Rome, Munich and Istanbul were analysed, adopting a web content mining approach.FindingsPlace of origin, quality and hosting city categories frame the gastronomic in-store experience. Standardisation elements (shared across the four analysed stores) and authenticity elements (specific to a single store) are identified towards defining three archetypical authenticity–standardisation relationships, namely originated authenticity, standardised authenticity and localised authenticity.Originality/valueThis study proposes original modelling that disentangles the authenticity–standardisation paradox in international gastronomy retailing. It provides evidence of the intertwining of the place of origin and the city brand in customers' in-store experience