Spin Effects in Long Range Gravitational Scattering

We study the gravitational scattering of massive particles with and without spin in the effective theory of gravity at one loop level. Our focus is on long distance effects arising from nonanalytic components of the scattering amplitude and we show that the spin-independent and the spin-dependent long range components exhibit a universal form. Both classical and quantum corrections are obtained, and the definition of a proper second order potential is discussed.Comment: 51 pages, 8 figure

Long Distance Effects in Mixed Electromagnetic-Gravitational Scattering

Using the methods of effective field theory we examine long range effects in mixed electromagnetic-gravitational scattering. Recent calculations which have yielded differing results for such effects are examined and corrected. We consider various spin configurations of the scattered particles and find that universality with respect to spin-dependence is obtained in agreement with expectations.Comment: 38 pages, 6 figure

Quark and lepton masses and mixing in the landscape

Even if quark and lepton masses are not uniquely predicted by the fundamental theory, as may be the case in the string theory landscape, nevertheless their pattern may reveal features of the underlying theory. We use statistical techniques to show that the observed masses appear to be representative of a scale invariant distribution, rho(m) ~ 1/m. If we extend this distribution to include all the Yukawa couplings, we show that the resulting CKM matrix elements typically show a hierarchical pattern similar to observations. The Jarlskog invariant measuring the amount of CP violation is also well reproduced in magnitude. We also apply this framework to neutrinos using the seesaw mechanism. The neutrino results are ambiguous, with the observed pattern being statistically allowed even though the framework does not provide a natural explanation for the observed two large mixing angles. Our framework highly favors a normal hierarchy of neutrino masses. We also are able to make statistical predictions in the neutrino sector when we specialize to situations consistent with the known mass differences and two large mixing angles. Within our framework, we show that with 95% confidence the presently unmeasured MNS mixing angle sin theta_{13} is larger than 0.04 and typically of order 0.1. The leptonic Jarlskog invariant is found to be typically of order 10^{-2} and the magnitude of the effective Majorana mass m_{ee} is typically of order 0.001 eV.Comment: 32 pages, 17 figures, some references adde

Ruin Probabilities and Overshoots for General Levy Insurance Risk Processes

We formulate the insurance risk process in a general Levy process setting, and give general theorems for the ruin probability and the asymptotic distribution of the overshoot of the process above a high level, when the process drifts to -\infty a.s. and the positive tail of the Levy measure, or of the ladder height measure, is subexponential or, more generally, convolution equivalent. Results of Asmussen and Kluppelberg [Stochastic Process. Appl. 64 (1996) 103-125] and Bertoin and Doney [Adv. in Appl. Probab. 28 (1996) 207-226] for ruin probabilities and the overshoot in random walk and compound Poisson models are shown to have analogues in the general setup. The identities we derive open the way to further investigation of general renewal-type properties of Levy processes.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000927 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Investigations in the female dog s vaginal aerobic flora and pH

Deckblatt-Impressum Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungen Einleitung Literatur Eigene Untersuchungen Ergebnisse Diskussion Zusammenfassung / Summary / Summatio Anhang Quellenverzeichnis Tabellen- und Abbildungsverzeichnis Danksagung SelbständigkeitserklärungBei 379 Hündinnen in allen Altersstufen und Zyklusphasen einschließlich 16 kast-rierter Tiere wurde neben der allgemeinen und gynäkologischen Untersuchung ein zytologischer und bakteriologischer Vaginalabstrich durchgeführt. Bei 100 Hündinnen wurde zusätzlich der vaginale pH-Wert gemessen. Das physiologische Keimspektrum umfasste bei juvenilen Hündinnen allein S. intermedius. Erkrankte waren mit Staphylokokken sp., S. intermedius, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa und E. coli belastet. Bei gesunden Tieren im Proöstrus wurden gefunden: Staphylokokken, Strepto-kokken, Enterokokken, Pasteurellen, E. coli und Bacillus sp. Erkrankte wiesen S. dysgalaktiae, S. intermedius, P. mirabilis, Pasteurella spp. sowie E. coli auf. Im Östrus gesunder Tiere waren folgende Keime vertreten: Pseudomonaden, Corynebakterien, E. coli, Klebsiella oxytocans, Pasteurellen spp., S. intermedius, S. aureus, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus canis: Lancefield-Gruppe G. Die klinisch auffälligen Tiere waren im Östrus mit E. coli, P. mirabilis S. intermedius und S. canis Lancefield-Gruppe D belastet. Die physiologischen Keime des Metöstrus waren: E. coli, Staphylokokken, Ente-rokokken und S. canis, Lancefield-Gruppe G. Die klinisch erkrankten Tiere wie-sen E. coli, P. mirabilis, S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. canis Lancefield-Gruppe G, S. faecalis sowie Streptokokken spp. auf. Im Anöstrus wurden bei gesunden Hündinnen diese Keime bestimmt: Aeromo-nas, Alcaligenes faecium, E. coli, Pantoae agglomerans, Pasteurella spp. Pseu-domonas spp. Staphylokokken, Streptokokken und Fäkalkeime. Die klinisch auf-fälligen Hündinnen im Anöstrus wiesen folgende Keime auf: E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. faecalis sowie Streptokokken und Staphylokokken spp. Das Keimspektrum kastrierter, gesunder Hündinnen umfasste: S. aureus, S. in-termedius, S. canis Lancefield- Gruppe G, Enterokokken sowie ß-hämolysierende E. coli. Bei den erkrankten trat P. mirabilis, S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. canis Lancefield-Gruppe G und S. faecalis auf. Bei Gesunden wie Kranken variierte der mittlere pH in der Vagina von 6,8 bis 7,2. Es gab keinen Hinweis auf Zusammenhänge zwischen einzelnen Erkrankungen und dem vaginalen pH-Wert.Bacteriological and cytological evaluation in 379 bitches of all ages and in differ-ent phases of the cyclus, 16 castrated bitches including was taken after common and gynaecological examination. Within hundred of them the vaginal pH was measured. The only species isolated in juvenile healthy bitches was S. intermedius. The invalids suffered from Staphylococci sp., S. intermedius, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Staphylococci, Streptococci, Enterococci, Pasteurellae, E. coli and Bacillus sp. were found in healthy bitches during prooestrus. The ill ones were ailing from E. coli, P. mirabilis, S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. canis Lancefieldgroup G, S. fae- calis as well as Streptococci spp. The typical germs of oestrus in healthy bitches were Pseudomonades, Coryne-bacteriae, E. coli, Klebsiella oxytocans, Pasteurella sp., S. intermedius, S. aureus, P. multocida and S. canis Lancefieldgroup G. In pathological cases dur-ing oestrus cyclus E. coli, P. mirabilis S. intermedius and S. canis Lance-fieldgroup D were found. The physiological flora of metoestrus consisted of E. coli, Staphylococci, Entero- cocci and S. canis Lancefieldgroup G. The bacteriae found in cases of gynaeco- logical illness during metoestrus were E. coli, P. mirabilis, S. aureus, S. interme-dius, S. canis Lancefieldgroup G, S. faecalis as well as Streptococci spp. During anoestrus of healthy bitches the following bacteriae were found: Aeromo-nas, Alcaligenes faecium, E. coli, Pantoae agglomerans, Pasteurella spp. Pseu-domonas spp. Staphylococci, Streptococci and Enterococci. Bitches apparently suffering from gynaecological diseases were infected with E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. faecalis, Streptococci and Staphylo-cocci spp The castrated healthy bitches vaginae beared S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. canis, Enterococci and E. coli with ß-haemolysis. Castrated bitches during ano-estrus revealing signs of gynaecological illness suffered from P. mirabilis, S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. canis Lancefieldgroup G and S. faecalis. The average pH measured inside the vagina of both groups varied from 6.8 to 7.2. There were no hints of correlations between specific diseases and corre-sponding pH to be detected

Reverse Carleson Embeddings for Model Spaces

The classical embedding theorem of Carleson deals with finite positive Borel measures $\mu$ on the closed unit disk for which there exists a positive constant $c$ such that $|f|_{L^2(\mu)} \leq c |f|_{H^2}$ for all $f \in H^2$, the Hardy space of the unit disk. Lef\'evre et al. examined measures $\mu$ for which there exists a positive constant $c$ such that $\|f\|_{L^2(\mu)} \geq c |f|_{H^2}$ for all $f \in H^2$. The first type of inequality above was explored with $H^2$ replaced by one of the model spaces $(\Theta H^2)^{\perp}$ by Aleksandrov, Baranov, Cohn, Treil, and Volberg. In this paper we discuss the second type of inequality in $(\Theta H^2)^{\perp}$.Comment: 33 page

The tail effect in gravitational radiation-reaction: time non-locality and renormalization group evolution

We use the effective field theory (EFT) framework to calculate the tail effect in gravitational radiation reaction, which enters at 4PN order in the dynamics of a binary system. The computation entails a subtle interplay between the near (or potential) and far (or radiation) zones. In particular, we find that the tail contribution to the effective action is non-local in time, and features both a dissipative and a `conservative' term. The latter includes a logarithmic ultraviolet (UV) divergence, which we show cancels against an infrared (IR) singularity found in the (conservative) near zone. The origin of this behavior in the long-distance EFT is due to the point-particle limit -shrinking the binary to a point- which transforms a would-be infrared singularity into an ultraviolet divergence. This is a common occurrence in an EFT approach, which furthermore allows us to use renormalization group (RG) techniques to resum the resulting logarithmic contributions. We then derive the RG evolution for the binding potential and total mass/energy, and find agreement with the results obtained imposing the conservation of the (pseudo) stress-energy tensor in the radiation theory. While the calculation of the leading tail contribution to the effective action involves only one diagram, five are needed for the one-point function. This suggests logarithmic corrections may be easier to incorporate in this fashion. We conclude with a few remarks on the nature of these IR/UV singularities, the (lack of) ambiguities recently discussed in the literature, and the completeness of the analytic Post-Newtonian framework.Comment: 24 pages. 3 figures. v2: Extended discussion on the nature of IR/UV singularities. Published versio