170 research outputs found
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: After a Decade of Speculation, Courts Consider Another Exception to the Learned Intermediary Rule
This Comment will explore whether Washington courts should recognize direct-to-consumer advertising as an exception to the learned intermediary rule. With the ultimate goal of advocating the best protection for the consumer, the discussion will suggest that Washington courts should not create an exception. A review of other exceptions to the learned intermediary rule does not support abandoning the doctrine when a drug company advertises its product directly to consumers. Nevertheless, advertising does affect consumer purchases and does influence consumer choices, and drug companies should accept the responsibility to present balanced information. This responsibility should encompass more than meeting the minimum requirements for balanced advertising presently promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Diversity and Innovation: The Effects of Diverse Creator Teams on Video Game Characteristics and Sales
I analyze the effects of gender diversity on video game production teams. I hypothesize teams with greater gender diversity produce more games with uncommon characteristics than less diverse teams, and the games these teams develop generate higher revenue and unit sales compared to games developed by less diverse teams. I find teams with more women disproportionately develop games that are non-violent and have playable female leads. I examine whether there is an optimal ratio of women to hire for each game genre in order to maximize revenue by analyzing the relationship between the percentage of women on a team in each genre and total revenue. While I do see evidence of firms over- or under-hiring women in some genres before 2001, it appears for the most part firms have optimized their hiring practices in regards to gender diversity from 2001 onward
Dissociation and isolation of the subunits of avian myeloblastosis virus RNA-directed DNA polymerase
Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: After a Decade of Speculation, Courts Consider Another Exception to the Learned Intermediary Rule
This Comment will explore whether Washington courts should recognize direct-to-consumer advertising as an exception to the learned intermediary rule. With the ultimate goal of advocating the best protection for the consumer, the discussion will suggest that Washington courts should not create an exception. A review of other exceptions to the learned intermediary rule does not support abandoning the doctrine when a drug company advertises its product directly to consumers. Nevertheless, advertising does affect consumer purchases and does influence consumer choices, and drug companies should accept the responsibility to present balanced information. This responsibility should encompass more than meeting the minimum requirements for balanced advertising presently promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
KEPENTINGAN JERMAN TERHADAP PENANDATANGANAN “DEKLARASI JAKARTA” TAHUN 2012
JAKARTA DECLARATION is a bilateral action between Germany and Indonesia. Jakarta
Declaration was signed at Jakarta 10 june 2012. Delegation from Indonesia and Germany
reached agreement after Germany Chancellor visit Indonesia President. Eight sector will be
improve in this agreement, which is involve 5 general sector and 3 specifically sector. Economic
sector, education sector, research and technology, medical sector, industrial defense, are 5
general sectors. 3 specification sector are, food, energy, and trasportation. Both Country will
work together on this 8 sector. For the future it is better to immediately implement all Indonesian
cooperation agreed by Germany and Indonesia so that the impact or effect of which is expected
by the both state are immediately visible. For Indonesia is expected that the development of some
sectors that constitute the scope of the "Jakarta Declaration" so that the effect of this
cooperation can be directly felt to Folk.
As for Germany, the faster implementation of this cooperation goes well eat the faster economic
growth of Germany increased . This increase could be the one who will help Germany to boost
economic growth. And to ensure the improvement of ongoing market expansion in Indonesia is
expected to help Germany avoid a domino effect that has occurred in the European region.This
implementation was reached with the ideals of the both state. So the cooperation that has
occurred over the past 60 years running towards better direction. Expected future great ideals
both desirable state to be the economic foundation of Europe and Southeast Asia region, and
sustain the world economy in the end
Position determination of resident space objects via triangulation with two passive-optical staring systems
The number of space objects orbiting the Earth is rapidly increasing. An opportunity to detect and measure the position of space objects are passive optical staring systems, e.g. our system called APPARILLO. While staring systems are capable of measuring highly accurate equatorial coordinates of space objects via an astrometric calibration, they do not provide information on their altitude unless the space object is assumed to fly on a circular orbit.
In this work we discuss an approach in which the altitude of a space object is measured via triangulation (simultaneous observation with two staring systems placed at different positions on Earth). Based on theoretical calculations, we estimate that the triangulation with two staring systems can provide the altitude of a typical space object in a low Earth orbit with an accuracy as low as 200 m. This is two orders of magnitude better compared
to a simple circular orbit approximation that can be used for a single staring system
A Novel mRNA Level Subtraction Method for Quick Identification of Target-Orientated Uniquely Expressed Genes Between Peanut Immature Pod and Leaf
Subtraction technique has been broadly applied for target gene discovery. However, most current protocols apply relative differential subtraction and result in great amount clone mixtures of unique and differentially expressed genes. This makes it more difficult to identify unique or target-orientated expressed genes. In this study, we developed a novel method for subtraction at mRNA level by integrating magnetic particle technology into driver preparation and tester–driver hybridization to facilitate uniquely expressed gene discovery between peanut immature pod and leaf through a single round subtraction. The resulting target clones were further validated through polymerase chain reaction screening using peanut immature pod and leaf cDNA libraries as templates. This study has resulted in identifying several genes expressed uniquely in immature peanut pod. These target genes can be used for future peanut functional genome and genetic engineering research
Lasertechnik fĂĽr das Verkehrsmanagement im All: Technologien fĂĽr eine nachhaltige Raumfahrt
Die stark zunehmende Anzahl an Satelliten ermöglicht großen Fortschritt in der Wissenschaft und Technik und eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten wie ein weltweit verfügbares Internet. Gleichzeitig sind damit Herausforderungen für das Verkehrsmanagement im Weltraum (meist Englisch als Space Traffic Management bezeichnet) verbunden. Simulationen zeigen, dass die Anzahl an Kollisionswarnungen im niedrigen Erdorbit allein durch den Ausbau von 5 Megakonstellationen (Starlink, OneWeb, Amazon Kuiper, Guo Wang und SatRevolution) mit insgesamt ca. 70000 Satelliten etwa um den Faktor 4000 ansteigen wird.
Durch weitere Satelliten und zusätzlichen Weltraummüll wird diese Zunahme real weitaus größer sein. Selbst wenn sich Kollisionen durch Ausweichmanöver verhindern lassen, verursachen diese hohe Kosten.
Um die Anzahl an notwendigen Ausweichmanövern zu reduzieren und die weiterhin notwendigen Manöver effizient zu machen, ist eine hochpräzise Vermessung der Bahndaten der Weltraumobjekte erforderlich. Je genauer die Bahndaten sind, desto kleiner ist der Abstand in dem die Weltraumobjekte bei gleichem Kollisionsrisiko aneinander vorbeifliegen können. Beim Satellitenlaserranging (SLR) wird die Laufzeit eines gepulsten Lasers vermessen, der von einer Bodenstation emittiert und durch einen am Satelliten befestigten Retroreflektor wieder antiparallel zu dieser zurück reflektiert wird. Dadurch lassen sich millimetergenaue Abstände ermitteln, aus denen die Bahndaten des Satelliten errechnet werden. Da diese Messungen viel präzisiere Daten liefern als derzeit verfügbar, würden ca. 99% aller Ausweichmanöver unnötig werden.
In Zusammenarbeit mit der Industrie entwickeln wir eine kompakte und transportable SLR Bodenstation, das miniSLR®. Hiermit konnte kürzlich gezeigt werden, dass trotz der kompakten, kostengünstigen Bauweise und der Nutzung von, gegenüber anderen SLR Stationen, verhältnismäßig langen Laserpulse durch Datenmittelung Millimeter präzise Abstandsmessungen erzielt werden. Um den Nutzen der SLR Technologie für das Space Traffic Management weiter zu erhöhen, arbeiten wir weiterhin an der Entwicklung von polarimetrischem SLR. Dies soll neben der Bahnvermessung auch eine Identifikation von Satelliten (z.B. nach Massenstarts von Kleinsatelliten) ermöglichen. Hierfür werden spezielle Retroreflektoren entwickelt, welche für die Raumfahrt qualifiziert und in zukünftigen Missionen getestet werden sollen
Serous cyst adenoma of the pancreas: appraisal of active surgical strategy before it causes problems
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