Itinerâncias dos jovens do campo para uma escola da cidade: ritos de passagem e deslocamentos / Roaming young people from the countryside to a city school: rites of passage and journeys

Este artigo é resultado de uma aproximação com o campo de pesquisa que propõe estudos sobre os jovens estudantes do campo que estudam numa escola da cidade, considerando a juventude como uma categoria dinâmica que é marcada pela diversidade cultural e por condições de acesso a bens econômicos, educacionais e culturais de forma desigual. Deste modo, o trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos jovens do campo ao chegarem na escola da cidade, tendo como proposta metodológica a pesquisa qualitativa por meio das pesquisas pós-criticas em educação, através dos estudos pós-colonialistas e pós-estruturalistas, utilizando-se como dispositivo um questionário especificado como escala de valor, para construção das informações. O presente texto busca, ainda, discutir outras questões relativas à diversidade, identidade e diferença entrelaçando aos pressupostos teóricos pós-críticos a partir dos diálogos contemporâneos sobre a juventude e suas ruralidades ou identidades sociais. As reflexões aqui explicitadas consideram que a juventude, por definição, é uma construção social na busca por maiores espaços de expressão e afirmação de suas identidades culturais. Em se tratando dos jovens do campo, percebe-se que eles se sentem atraídos pelo espaço da cidade, trazendo a necessidade de repensar as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas pela escola, a fim de valorizar as expectativas e necessidades dos estudantes das comunidades do campo e suas histórias de vida.

SARSCOVIDB : a new platform for the analysis of the molecular impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global emergency issue for public health. This threat has led to an acceleration in related research and, consequently, an unprecedented volume of clinical and experimental data that include changes in gene expression resulting from infection. The SARS-CoV-2 infection database (SARSCOVIDB: https://sarscovidb.org/) was created to mitigate the dificulties related to this scenario. The SARSCOVIDB is an online platform that aims to integrate all differential gene expression data, at messenger RNA and protein levels, helping to speed up analysis and research on the molecular impact of COVID-19. The database can be searched from different experimental perspectives and presents all related information from published data, such as viral strains, hosts, methodological approaches (proteomics or transcriptomics), genes/proteins, and samples (clinical or experimental). All information was taken from 24 articles related to analyses of differential gene expression out of 5,554 COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2-related articles published so far. The database features 12,535 genes whose expression has been identified as altered due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the SARSCOVIDB is a new resource to support the health workers and the scientific community in understanding the pathogenesis and molecular impact caused by SARS-CoV-2

Complicações pulmonares em pacientes diabéticos com infecção por covid-19 / Pulmonary complications in diabetic patientes with covid-19 infection

INTRODUÇÃO: A COVID-19 se tornou uma preocupação mundial de saúde pública devido à sua rápida disseminação, instalando uma pandemia. Vários estudos indicaram o Diabetes mellitus contribuindo com um risco aumentado para eventos pulmonares graves. O objetivo do artigo é discutir as complicações respiratórias presentes em pacientes diabéticos infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa bibliográfica realizada selecionando estudos publicados nos últimos cinco anos pelos bancos de dados PubMed, Scielo e BVS MS. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que pacientes diabéticos com COVID-19 têm mais chance de ter um envolvimento pulmonar  grave. Além disso, esses pacientes possuem maior probabilidade de desenvolver um quadro de pneumonia grave. DISCUSSÃO: Devido ao processo inflamatório generalizado, inerente a Diabetes Mellitus (DM), é necessário um manejo especial desses pacientes perante a uma infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Uma resposta imunológica já desencadeada pela DM, somada a tempestade de citocinas causada pelo vírus, ocasiona uma resposta tecidual deletéria sistêmica. CONCLUSÃO: Um protocolo de manejo para casos de SARS-CoV-2 em pacientes portadores de diabetes deve ser feito, devido à alta prevalência de complicações sistêmicas das duas anomalias  concomitantes.  

ENDOCRINOLOGIA E SUAS MANIFESTAÇÕES CLÍNICAS, SÍNDROME DE CUSHING IATROGÊNICA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Exogenous corticosteroids, also known as GC, were introduced into medical practice because they imitate the natural action of cortisol, the body's main corticosteroid. Although they are widely used due to their benefits, they do not require a prescription to purchase and can be used for long periods without patients being aware of the potential health risks. The indiscriminate use of exogenous corticosteroids can result in a wide variety of side effects, ranging from aesthetic problems to serious complications. A worrying condition caused by excessive or prolonged use of corticosteroids is Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome (ICS), with prednisone ingestion being the most common cause, commonly used in the treatment of diseases unrelated to the endocrine glands. Corticosteroids act by inhibiting the release of ACTH by the pituitary and hypothalamus, resulting in the suppression of adrenal function through negative feedback. Furthermore, they significantly impact bone metabolism, interfering with the absorption and excretion of calcium by the kidney, also affecting the functioning of other body systems, such as mood control, immune response and nutrient metabolism. The diagnosis of IBS is based on clinical findings and symptoms, and is rarely confirmed by biochemical tests. IBS treatment aims to reduce exposure to corticosteroids and adopt measures to minimize their adverse effects. This study aims to explore pathophysiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of SCI, as well as discuss pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for its management.Os corticoides exógenos, também conhecidos como GC, foram inseridos na prática médica por imitarem a ação natural do cortisol, principal corticoide do corpo. Embora sejam amplamente utilizados devido aos seus benefícios, não exigem receita médica para a compra e podem ser usados por longos períodos sem consciência dos potenciais riscos à saúde pelos pacientes. O uso indiscriminado de corticoides exógenos pode resultar em uma variedade extensa de efeitos colaterais, que vão desde problemas estéticos até complicações graves. Uma condição preocupante provocada pelo uso excessivo ou prolongado de corticoides é a Síndrome de Cushing Iatrogênica (SCI), sendo a ingestão de prednisona a causa mais comum, comumente utilizada no tratamento de doenças não relacionadas às glândulas endócrinas. Os corticoides atuam inibindo a liberação de ACTH pela hipófise e hipotálamo, resultando na supressão da função adrenal por meio de feedback negativo. Além disso, eles impactam significativamente no metabolismo do osso, interferindo na absorção e excreção de cálcio pelo rim, afetando também o funcionamento de outros sistemas do corpo, como o controle do humor, resposta imune e metabolismo de nutrientes. O diagnóstico da SCI é baseado em achados clínicos e sintomas, sendo raramente confirmado por testes bioquímicos. O tratamento da SCI visa reduzir a exposição aos corticoides e adotar medidas para minimizar seus efeitos adversos. Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar aspectos fisiopatológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais da SCI, assim como discutir estratégias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas para o seu manejo

When One Health Meets the United Nations Ocean Decade: Global Agendas as a Pathway to Promote Collaborative Interdisciplinary Research on Human-Nature Relationships

Strong evidence shows that exposure and engagement with the natural world not only improve human wellbeing but can also help promote environmentally friendly behaviors. Human-nature relationships are at the heart of global agendas promoted by international organizations including the World Health Organization’s (WHO) “One Health” and the United Nations (UN) “Ocean Decade.” These agendas demand collaborative multisector interdisciplinary efforts at local, national, and global levels. However, while global agendas highlight global goals for a sustainable world, developing science that directly addresses these agendas from design through to delivery and outputs does not come without its challenges. In this article, we present the outcomes of international meetings between researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from the United Kingdom and Brazil. We propose a model for interdisciplinary work under such global agendas, particularly the interface between One Health and the UN Ocean Decade and identify three priority research areas closely linked to each other: human-nature connection, conservation-human behavior, and implementation strategies (bringing stakeholders together). We also discuss a number of recommendations for moving forward

Manejo do Trauma Raquimedular na Emergência: uma revisão de literatura

This is an integrative review using the VHL, SciELO, LILACS and PubMed as databases over the last 5 years. 997 articles on the topic were evaluated with an emphasis on a synthesis of the most recent knowledge and greater scientific consistency. The diagnosis of TRM is carried out through clinical examination, associated with imaging tests. X-rays and computed tomography evaluate the bone structures of the spine, while magnetic resonance imaging is capable of showing injuries to the medullary neural tissue and ligament structures. Prevention of car accidents, use of safety equipment, actions in favor of disarmament and signage of places to avoid diving in shallow water; are effective measures to prevent TRM.Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa utilizando como base de dados a BVS, a SciELO, o LILACS e o PubMed, nos últimos 5 anos. Foram avaliados 997 artigos sobre o tema com ênfase em uma síntese dos conhecimentos mais recentes e de maior consistência científica. o diagnóstico do TRM é realizado por meio do exame clínico, associado aos exames de imagem. A radiografia e a tomografia computadorizada avaliam as estruturas ósseas da coluna, já ressonância magnética é capaz de mostrar lesões ao tecido neural medular e estruturas ligamentares. A prevenção de acidentes automobilísticos, uso de equipamentos de segurança, ações a favor do desarmamento e sinalização de locais para evitar mergulho em água rasa; são medidas eficazes de prevenção do TRM

Neurostimulation Combined With Cognitive Intervention in Alzheimer’s Disease (NeuroAD): Study Protocol of Double-Blind, Randomized, Factorial Clinical Trial

Despite advances in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is currently no prospect of a cure, and evidence shows that multifactorial interventions can benefit patients. A promising therapeutic alternative is the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) simultaneously with cognitive intervention. The combination of these non-pharmacological techniques is apparently a safe and accessible approach. This study protocol aims to compare the efficacy of tDCS and cognitive intervention in a double-blind, randomized and factorial clinical trial. One hundred participants diagnosed with mild-stage AD will be randomized to receive both tDCS and cognitive intervention, tDCS, cognitive intervention, or placebo. The treatment will last 8 weeks, with a 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be the improvement of global cognitive functions, evaluated by the AD Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). The secondary outcomes will include measures of functional, affective, and behavioral components, as well as a neurophysiological marker (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF). This study will enable us to assess, both in the short and long term, whether tDCS is more effective than the placebo and to examine the effects of combined therapy (tDCS and cognitive intervention) and isolated treatments (tDCS vs. cognitive intervention) on patients with AD.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02772185—May 5, 2016

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension