20 research outputs found
O uso de textos de divulgação científica para o ensino de geografia: representações/significações
Get PDFRESUMO: Parto do pressuposto de que a leitura não pode ser considerada como técnica. A leitura na escola – no espaço formal - configura-se como importante instrumento para a sistematização do conhecimento. O trabalho caracteriza-se pela intervenção na prática pedagógica, no que se refere a desenvolver conteúdos de ensino de geografia propostos no Programa Curricular para esta disciplina. Propusemos o trabalho com tópicos de ensino de geografia, mediante o uso de textos de jornais e revistas – Textos de Divulgação. Para tanto, estabeleci uma estratégia de leitura baseada na leitura oral e coletiva, em conjunto com os alunos – sujeitosleitores em formação. A partir da implementação da estratégia de leitura dos textos em sala de aula foi possível vivenciar um processo de construção de significados pelos alunos, que culminou em ações tais como a expressão oral e a produção de textos próprios. A leitura de Textos de Divulgação configura-se como alternativa para os professores de ensino de geografia, no sentido de modificar práticas pedagógicas tradicionais, nas quais o livro didático é o único material usado para a leitura e informação sobre conteúdos conceituais científicos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Leitura; Ensino de Geografia; Textos de Divulgação Científica.
ABSTRACT: We depart of the purpose that the reading can’t be considered like technical. The reading at formal school – space it configures like important instrument for systematization of the knowledge. Our work it characterizes by the intervention in the pedagogical practice, with regard to develop teaching proposed geography contents in the discipline Curricular Program. We proposed us to develop geography teaching topics, by means of the newspapers texts use and cover – Divulgement Texts. For so much establish a reading strategy, based in the oral and collective reading, together with the students – subjects- readers in formation. From the texts reading strategy implementation in class room was possible perceive a meanings construction process by the students, that culminated in actions such like oral expression and the own texts production. The Divulgement Texts reading it configures like alternative for the geography-teaching teachers, in the sense of modifying traditional pedagogical practices, in which the class book is the unique material used to the reading and information about scientific conceptual contents.
KEYWORDS: Reading; Geography teaching; Scientific divulgement texts
A divulgação científica no ensino de ciências para crianças
Get PDFEste trabalho caracteriza-se pela intervenção na prática pedagógica, no que se refere ao desenvolvimento dos conteúdos de ciências naturais propostos no programa curricular para o segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Para tanto a estratégia de leitura baseou-se na leitura oral e coletiva, em conjunto com alunos de uma escola de ensino fundamental da rede municipal de Santa Maria/RS. A partir desta iniciativa foi possível constatar um processo de construção de significados pelas crianças que culminou em ações, tais como expressão oral, elaboração de desenhos representativos do seu entendimento do texto lido e a produção de textos próprios
A ADAPTAÇÃO DOS PROFESSORES DO ENSINO MÉDIO DIANTE DA DEMANDA DA FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA
Get PDFO objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma breve análise da formação de professores,bem como destacar a atual política de formação dos profissionais da educaçãono Brasil. Entende-se que a análise crítica desses momentos é imprescindívelna busca da compreensão e transformação da realidade atual. Nesse percurso,foi dada ênfase ao processo de formação continuada, encontrando na escola,o lócus privilegiado para a execução desse tipo de formação para professores.São focalizados aspectos do debate sobre esse lócus que explicita tensões históricasno espaço escolar. Assim, a análise sobre a formação continuada pretendefavorecer a compreensão das dinâmicas de atualização e aprofundamento doconhecimento necessário para o exercido da profissão docente. A produção dareflexão sobre a prática e a discussão sobre o papel e a importância da formaçãocontinuada, são aspectos relevantes no desenvolvimento profissional de cadaprofessor
EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS NA PRÉ-ESCOLA: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Get PDFConvivemos diariamente com os artefatos advindos dos resultados dos avanços científicos e tecnológicos, os quais estabelecem, inclusive, mudanças em nossos valores sociais. Diante disso, consideramos ser indispensável que todos os indivíduos da sociedade entendam, discutam, reflitam e se posicionem sobre questões oriundas desses avanços e suas prováveis consequências para a vida de todos. Para desenvolver, no âmbito da Pré-Escola, um tipo de Educação em Ciências que considere a perspectiva acima colocada, sem que este tipo de educação não tenha o caráter disciplinar, fragmentado comumente evidenciado no Ensino Fundamental, é necessário preparamos professores capazes de realizar práticas pedagógicas de Ciências de forma integrada com as demais áreas do conhecimento escolar. Palavras Chave: Ensino de Ciências, Pré-Escola, Livro didático, Formação continuada do professor de Ciências
Yield and quality of primocane-fruiting raspberry grown under plastic cover in southern Brazil
Get PDFRaspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an economically important crop and its cultivation has been expanded across temperate and subtropical regions of Brazil. Growing raspberries under plastic cover has becoming more common worldwide. This study investigated the effect of plastic cover on productive and morphological performance of primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars, in southern Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design, with three raspberry cultivars, ‘Heritage’; ‘Fallgold’ and ‘Alemãzinha’; two cultivation systems, presence and absence of plastic cover; and two production cycles, fall and spring. We measured days from transplanting to flowering and harvesting. Plants were evaluated for dry mass of pruning, plant height, stem diameter, plant leaf area, fruit production, number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transversal diameter, and harvesting period. Plastic cover reduced incident radiation on the canopy by 17 %. Cultivar ‘Heritage’ is early ripening in the fall cycle. The management under plastic cover prolonged the harvesting period of raspberries in the fall productive cycle for the cultivar ‘Heritage’ and, in spring, for cultivars ‘Alemãzinha’ and ‘Fallgold’. In the spring cycle, plants increased their leaf area, fruit production and number of fruits. The cultivar ‘Alemãzinha’ performed better in the spring cycle when managed under plastic cover and was more productive, with a longer productive cycle and larger fruits
Effect of uncaria tomentosa extract on purinergic enzyme activities in lymphocytes of rats submitted to experimental adjuvant arthritis model
Get PDFBackground: Considering that adjuvant arthritis is an experimental model of arthritis widely used for preclinical testing of numerous anti-arthritic agents, which were taken by a large number of patients worldwide, it is of great interest to investigate the therapeutic action of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Uncaria tomentosa extract. Moreover, there are no studies demonstrating the effect of U. tomentosa on the metabolism of adenine nucleotides published so far. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of U. tomentosa extract on E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in lymphocytes of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis induced rats. Methods: To evaluate the effect of U. tomentosa extract on the activity of E-NTPDase and ADA in lymphocytes, the rats were submitted to an experimental adjuvant arthritis model. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated and E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities were determined. Data were analyzed by a one- or two-way ANOVA. Post hoc analyses were carried out by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) Multiple Comparison Test. Results: E-NTPDase activity was increased in arthritic untreated. Arthritic rats which received U. tomentosa extract, presented similar results to the control group. However, results obtained for adenosine hydrolysis by E-ADA were not altered in arthritic rats. U. tomentosa extract did not alter E-NTPDase and E-ADA activity in healthy animals. Conclusions: The present investigation supports the hypothesis that the increased E-NTPDase activity verified in arthritic rats might be an attempt to maintain basal levels of ATP and ADP in the extracellular medium, since the arthritis induction causes tissue damage and, consequently, large amounts of ATP are released into this milieu. Also, it highlights the possibility to use U. tomentosa extract as an adjuvant to treat arthritis
Effect of uncaria tomentosa extract on purinergic enzyme activities in lymphocytes of rats submitted to experimental adjuvant arthritis model
Get PDFBackground: Considering that adjuvant arthritis is an experimental model of arthritis widely used for preclinical testing of numerous anti-arthritic agents, which were taken by a large number of patients worldwide, it is of great interest to investigate the therapeutic action of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Uncaria tomentosa extract. Moreover, there are no studies demonstrating the effect of U. tomentosa on the metabolism of adenine nucleotides published so far. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of U. tomentosa extract on E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities in lymphocytes of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis induced rats. Methods: To evaluate the effect of U. tomentosa extract on the activity of E-NTPDase and ADA in lymphocytes, the rats were submitted to an experimental adjuvant arthritis model. Peripheral lymphocytes were isolated and E-NTPDase and E-ADA activities were determined. Data were analyzed by a one- or two-way ANOVA. Post hoc analyses were carried out by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) Multiple Comparison Test. Results: E-NTPDase activity was increased in arthritic untreated. Arthritic rats which received U. tomentosa extract, presented similar results to the control group. However, results obtained for adenosine hydrolysis by E-ADA were not altered in arthritic rats. U. tomentosa extract did not alter E-NTPDase and E-ADA activity in healthy animals. Conclusions: The present investigation supports the hypothesis that the increased E-NTPDase activity verified in arthritic rats might be an attempt to maintain basal levels of ATP and ADP in the extracellular medium, since the arthritis induction causes tissue damage and, consequently, large amounts of ATP are released into this milieu. Also, it highlights the possibility to use U. tomentosa extract as an adjuvant to treat arthritis
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Get PDFSummary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
A DIDÁTICA COMO ELEMENTO ARTICULADOR ENTRE TEORIA E PRÁTICA
No full textA Didática, no currículo dos cursos de formação do professor, apresenta-se como uma das disciplinas responsáveis pela efetivação de uma prática pedagógica repetitiva, acrítica e mecânica, quando assume uma característica eminentemente prescritiva, normativa, fundamentando-se em modelos pré-estabelecidos. O papel da Didática tem limitado-se à apreensão e transmissão de conhecimentos didáticos, isolados dos fins educacionais e sociais e, de certa forma, contribuindo para reforçar uma prática pedagógica repetitiva e mecânica. Acreditamos que a disciplina de Didática exerce função importante na sistematização e organização do ensino, ao procurar estabelecer o vínculo entre teoria e prática. A contribuição da Didática Geral para a pedagogia, enquanto área de estudo cujo objeto é o ensino, a respeito de seu conteúdo metodológico, não se vincula somente às discussões sobre o método de ensino específico de uma dada disciplina
