Briófitos como bioindicadores de calidad botánica en zonas áridas del SE español: Sierras de Filabres, Cabrera, Alhamilla y Cabo de Gata (Almería, España)

Briófitos como bioindicadores de calidad botánica en zonas áridas del Sudeste español: Sierras de Filabres, Cabrera, Alhamilla y Cabo de Gata (Almería, España). Basado en el estudio de la flora y vegetación briofíticas de las sierras de Filabres, Cabrera, Alhamilla y Cabo de Gata, se ha realizado la evaluación fitobiológica de las mismas aplicando un coeficiente de calidad botánica a una serie de localidades elegidas en el seno de estos sistemas montañosos. De este modo se han cartografiado las zonas con diferentes grados de conservación de la flora y vegetación briofítica en el área de estudio

Flora brio-pteridofítica de los bosques lauroides de "Rhododendron ponticum" l. del Parque Natural de los Alcornocales, Cádiz-Málaga, España

Flora brio-pteridofítica de los bosques lauroides de Rhododendron ponticum L. del Parque Natural de los Alcornocales (Cádiz-Málaga, España). Se ha estudiado parte de la diversidad brio-pteridofítica en el Parque Natural de los Alcornocales (Cádiz-Málaga; Sur de España). Nos hemos centrado en las comunidades caracterizadas por la presencia de Rhododendron ponticum, uno de los hábitats más representativos del Parque por su originalidad. Para ello hemos muestreado 23 localidades repartidas por todo el Parque y que varían por sus características climáticas. Se han identificado 171 especies de las que 111 son musgos, 2 antocerotas, 42 hepáticas y 17 helechos. Para cada una de las localidades (canutos) se aporta su diversidad total y las especies más representativas y exclusivas. Pretendemos contribuir con ello a una correcta identificación de zonas susceptibles de ser tenidas en cuenta para futuros planes de zonificación y conservación de este tipo de comunidades, únicas y frecuentemente olvidadas en los planteamientos conservacionistas a nivel regional y nacional

Ciencias Experimentales

Se presentan siete unidades didácticas del área de Ciencias Experimentales dirigidas al profesorado y al alumnado de ESO. En todas las unidades se presenta el planteamiento y justificación de las mismas, las actividades, dirigidas tanto al profesorado como al alumnado y diversas propuestas de investigación sobre la materia de la unidad. Las unidades didácticas presentadas son: El río como ecosistema : cómo la dinámica del río determina la diversidad de los seres vivos; La tierra en el universo; Veamos crecer las estrellas; Los alimentos : tipos y funciones; Las ondas en la naturaleza; La constitución de la materia; Itinerarios geológicos en la zona de Cabo Peñas.AsturiasBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Bryophyte diversity in the Guadiamar river basin (SW of Spain)

A study of the bryophyte flora of the Guadiamar river basin (southwestern Spain) was carried out. Forty-one localities along this river and its main tributaries were sampled. A total of 123 taxa are mentioned, of which 93 are mosses, 27 liverworts and 3 hornworts. Scopelophila cataractae (Mitt.) Broth., which grows exclusively on soils rich in heavy metals, is the second record from the Iberian Peninsula.Se realiza un estudio de la flora briofítica de la cuenca del río Guadiamar (sudoeste de España), mediante recolecciones en 41 localidades distribuidas a lo largo de este río y de sus principales afluentes. En conjunto se citan 123 taxones, de los cuales 93 son musgos, 27 hepáticas y 3 antocerotas. Scopelophila cataractae (Mitt.) Broth., especie que vive exclusivamente en suelos ricos en metales pesados, se cita por segunda vez en la península Ibérica

Intake of Total Polyphenols and Some Classes of Polyphenols Is Inversely Associated with Diabetes in Elderly People at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background: Higher consumption of some polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of diabetes. However, no studies have evaluated the relation between all polyphenol subclasses and the incidence of diabetes. Objective: We aimed to prospectively examine the associations between the intake of total polyphenols and different groups of polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, and others) on the risk of incident diabetes in the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial. Methods: This was an observational cohort analysis of the nondiabetic participants in the PREDIMED trial. This study was a multicenter, controlled, randomized, parallel-group feeding trial to assess the effects of either a Mediterranean diet that was supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts or advice to adhere to a low-fat control diet on cardiovascular outcomes in elderly men and women at high cardiovascular disease risk. From the 7447 randomly assigned participants, 3430 were selected because they were free of diabetes at baseline and filled out the food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data from repeated FFQs with the Phenol-Explorer database on the polyphenol content of each reported food. HRs and 95% CIs for diabetes according to tertiles of polyphenol intake were estimated with the use of time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Over a mean of 5.51 y of follow-up (18,900 person-years), there were 314 new cases of diabetes. After multivariable adjustment, we observed a 28% reduction in new-onset diabetes in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of total polyphenol intake (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99; P-trend = 0.05). The intake of subclasses of polyphenols also was inversely associated with diabetes risk, including for total flavonoids (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.93; P-trend = 0.02), stilbenes (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.84; P-trend = 0.003), dihydroflavonols (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.88; P-trend = 0.003), and flavanones (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.97; P-trend = 0.03). Conclusions: A high intake of total polyphenols, total flavonoids (specifically flavanones and dihydroflavonols), and stilbenes is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes in elderly persons at high risk of cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.This study was supported by The Interministerial Commission on Science and Technology, CICYT (AGL2013-49083-C3-1-R) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 773), and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (CIBEROBN). CIBEROBN is an initiative of ISCIII, Spain. AT-R received support from ISCIII (FI10/00265). The Fundación Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, the California Walnut Commission, Borges SA, and Morella Nuts SA donated the olive oil, walnuts, almonds, and hazelnuts, respectively, used in the study

Dietary α-linolenic acid, marine ω-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a population with high fish consumption: Findings from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

12 Páginas.-- 6 Tablas.-- 1 FiguraBackground-Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived ω-3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω-3 fatty acids (long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results-We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressionmodels were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated towalnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9-y follow-up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios formeeting ALArecommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.92) for all-causemortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58-1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios formeeting the recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67-1.05) for all-causemortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29-0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22-1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all-cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45-0.87]). Conclusions-In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all-cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish-derived long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.This study was funded in part by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Spanish Ministry of Economy) through grants RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC 06/2007, ISCIII FIS PS09/01292, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) AGL2010‐22319‐C03‐02 and AGL2009‐13906‐C02‐02, and an unrestricted grant from the California Walnut Commission. Sala‐Vila holds a Miguel Servet I fellowship from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the ISCIII

Dietary inflammatory index and all-cause mortality in large cohorts: The SUN and PREDIMED studies

[Background]: Inflammation is known to be related to the leading causes of death including cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, depression-suicide and other chronic diseases. In the context of whole dietary patterns, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) was developed to appraise the inflammatory potential of the diet. [Objective]: We prospectively assessed the association between DII scores and all-cause mortality in two large Spanish cohorts and valuated the consistency of findings across these two cohorts and results published based on other cohorts.[Design]: We assessed 18,566 participants in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort followed-up during 188,891 person-years and 6790 participants in the “PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterránea” (PREDIMED) randomized trial representing 30,233 person-years of follow-up. DII scores were calculated in both cohorts from validated FFQs. Higher DII scores corresponded to more proinflammatory diets. A total of 230 and 302 deaths occurred in SUN and PREDIMED, respectively. In a random-effect meta-analysis we included 12 prospective studies (SUN, PREDIMED and 10 additional studies) that assessed the association between DII scores and all-cause mortality.[Results]: After adjusting for a wide array of potential confounders, the comparison between extreme quartiles of the DII showed a positive and significant association with all-cause mortality in both the SUN (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.98; P-trend = 0.004) and the PREDIMED cohort (HR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.02; P-trend = 0.009). In the meta-analysis of 12 cohorts, the DII was significantly associated with an increase of 23% in all-cause mortality (95% CI: 16%–32%, for the highest vs lowest category of DII).[Conclusion]: Our results provide strong and consistent support for the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased all-cause mortality. The SUN cohort and PREDIMED trial were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02669602 and at isrctn.com as ISRCTN35739639, respectively.Supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish Government, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through grants provided to research networks specifically developed for the trial (RTIC G03/140, to R.E.; RTIC RD 06/0045, to Miguel A. Martínez-González) and through Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), and by grants from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC 06/2007), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Proyecto de Investigación (PI) 04-2239, PI 05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, P11/02505, PI13/00462, PI13/00615, PI13/01090, PI14/01668, PI14/01798, PI14/01764), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Recursos y teconologia agroalimentarias(AGL)-2009-13906-C02 and AGL2010-22319-C03 and AGL2013-49083-C3-1- R), Fundación Mapfre 2010, the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0105/2007), the Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Generalitat Valenciana (Generalitat Valenciana Ayuda Complementaria (GVACOMP) 06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151), Conselleria de Sanitat y, PI14/01764 AP; Atención Primaria (CS) 2010-AP-111, and CS2011-AP-042), and Regional Government of Navarra (P27/2011).). Drs. Shivappa and Hébert were supported by grant number R44DK103377 from the United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases