Adding Value To Under utilised Fish Species

End of project reportTightening fish quotas and supply shortages for conventional species are causing major difficulties for both fishermen and seafood processors. There is a need, therefore, to explore the potential of underutilised fish species both as fillets or portions and as added-value products. The current project at Ashtown Food Research Centre (AFRC) addressed this issue for a number of underutilised species via (a) sous vide processing (with savoury sauces),(b)marinating (salt- and sugar-based marinades) and (c) via a combination of freeze-chilling and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP).A range of physico-chemical and sensory tests was conducted on the products and their shelf-life status was also determined.National Development Plan (NDP

The geography of Newburyport in relation to potential growth

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThe City of Newburyport is located 37 miles north of Boston in the extreme northeastern corner of Massachusetts. It has a population of 14,000 and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. Newburyport was originally a part of the old town of Newbury, but was set off as a separate town in 1764. From the time Newburyport was settled until 1870 its economy remained predominately maritime. Fishing, shipbuilding, and trading all played important parts in the early days of Newburyport's history. Local fishing for sturgeon, salmon, mackerel, bass, shad, and bluefish was carried on extensively until 1850, when the growth of up-river manufacturing cities forced the fishing industry to move into Canadian waters. As early as 1806, 60 Newburyport vessels were regularly employed at the Labrador and Newfoundland fisheries. In 1851 Newburyport's fishing industry received a blow from which it never recovered, as 18 locally-owned vessels went down in a gale at Prince Edward Island. Shipbuilding flourished to the extent that in 1793 the lower Merrimac River was proclaimed the greatest shipbuilding center of New England. At that time it was not unusual to see 72 vessels all in the process of construction. Shipbuilding reached its apex in the clipper ship era of the eighteen thirties to fifties, after which the shifting bar at the mouth of the river prohibited the building of larger ships which were then in demand. The commercial advantages afforded by the Merrimac River were quickly recognized, so that in 1645 a regular trade with the west Indies had been established. Barrel staves were being cut and sent to the West Indies in exchange for rum, molasses, and sugar, these being valuable commodities for securing European goods. Maritime commerce was affected by the American Revolution, but privateering continued to bring large sums of money to Newburyport. The end of the war marked the beginning of the golden years of old Newburyport which lasted until the Embargo of 1807. The difficulties between France and England following the French Revolution enabled Newburyport ships to take over much of the European carrying trade, as local ships sailed the Atlantic from Baltic ports on the north to the Gold coast on the south. The Jeffersonian Embargo, followed by a disastrous waterfront fire in 1811 were hard blows to local commercialism, which surrended itself in the following years to the large port of Boston. Although commerce, shipbuilding, and fishing were the chief occupational pursuits of Newburyport until 1870, manufacturing and independent crafts were also prevalent before that time. The making of the first horn combs in America was begun in West Newbury in 1759. In the beginning the horns were obtained from local slaughter houses. Later on they were brought from foreign sources and still later from the Chicago stock yards. In 1845 West Newbury and Newburyport combined had 25 comb shops employing 86 people; in 1900 there was one shop employing 200 people. The horn comb industry went out of business in the depression of 1929-33 when competition from comb companies using cheaper materials had become too keen. The first cotton mill in Newburyport began in 1834 and by 1845 there were five mills employing 1,270 hands. The local mills were not as successful as those at Lowell because steam rather than water power had to be used. Two of the mills burned down prior to 1890 and one succumbed to outside competition. The two remaining employed about 400 workers and operated until 1928 when one moved south to take advantage of cheaper labor; the other closed down in the 1930 depression. Although shoes were made in Newburyport as early as 1764, the economy of the city was not dominated by the shoe industry until 1890. The shoe industry became well established in Newburyport because many of the local fisherman were also shoemakers in the off season. This industry gained momentum rapidly after 1890. By occupying two of the vacant cotton mills, and erecting four wooden structures 1,800 people were employed within the city's numerous shops in 1891. This number of people employed in the shoe industry has been fairly constant over the years, but not one of the shoe factories operating at the turn of the century was in existence in 1947. The high mortality rate is caused by several conditions, two of the most outstanding being: (1) changes in consumer demand for women's shoes; (2) the practice of leasing machines which enables the small entrepreneur to start business at low cost, but without sufficient capital to insure success. Today, September 1954, Newburyport has four shoe factories employing a total of 1,600 people. CBS Hytron, maker of electronic equipment, is the largest single employer in Newburyport. Hytron came to Newburyport in 1941, taking over a vacant shoe factory, and gave employment to 50 workers. This number increased rapidly through the war years to a peak of 2,650 in 1953. Electronics is a promising field for the New England area in general, but future possibilities for expansion of Hytron in Newburyport are not good, the chief reason being the lack of a female labor pool. The difficulty in securing women is due to the fact that of the six largest factories in the city, five employ more women than men. Hence many men cannot find jobs in town and are forced to search for employment out of town. The availability of industrial sites, superior road transportation, and the potential labor pool for men make Newburyport a distinct area for industrial location. The industrial district on the present zoning map of Newburyport is so small that there is scarcely anywhere for a new business to go or for present business to expand, except in an "outback" section (which is zoned Agricultural), or possibly along the Expressway. The entire area in the "outback" with a few minor exceptions, is characterized by being low, flat, treeless, and having wet, clayey soils. The composition of the soil is so clayey that some provision for disposal of waste must be made, other than by septic tank. The "outback" problem is further aggravated by the absence of industrial zoning, a fact which also tends to discourage industry. Until sewerage has been provided, to at least the eastern section, and the area rezoned to Industrial, Newburyport will not be able to compete for industries with more progressive cities. The author's suggestion would be to go so far as to build factory buildings to motivate industry, as has successfully been done in other New England cities. Newburyport also has site possibilities along the relocated US Route 1, but being on the fringe of the residential section, this land will probably be taken over by homes. If industry does not come, there is still the chance that the excellent highway system and proximity to good beaches, will make Newburyport a future "bedroom for Boston". Newburyport should not be content to depend on this kind of a future, but rather, should make an aggressive move to bring industry within its boundaries. The future of Newburyport lies in what the people elect to do with the "outback" area

Modal Analysis of Millimetre-wave and Terahertz Imaging Systems

This thesis presents the theory and applications of electromagnetic field calculation using orthogonal Gaussian beam modes within the context of far-infrared imaging systems. Laguerre and Hermite-Gaussian modes have been frequently reported in the analysis of paraxial millimetre-wave propagation in astronomical optical systems. Here the method of Gaussian beam mode analysis (GBMA) is extended to fields of optical research that have until recently been associated with wavelengths in the visible band. Using recently derived expressions for the non-paraxial diffraction of Hermite-Gaussian modes, the author demonstrates the modal calculation of far-field intensity distributions with less angular restriction on the accuracy of the method compared to the conventional paraxial description of orthogonal Gaussian modes. This method shows excellent agreement with predictions from more rigourous fullwave numerical methods such as the finite-difference time-domain algorithm, which is also described as a software tool in the modelling of horn and lens antennas. The properties of diffraction limited Bessel beams is described using the Laguerre-Gaussian expansion of conical lenses, and experimental measurements of a conical lens is presented to explore the validity of the use of these optical elements as horn coupled devices in millimetre wave imaging systems. A study of diffractive Fresnel lenses has been undertaken with a comparison of experimentally measured fields with those predicted by the modal techniques. The effects of such lenses on ultrashort paraxial pulses are also investigated using a novel numerical description of few-cycle fields as a superposition of pulsed Laguerre- Gaussian modes. The application of digital holography in the far-infra red band has the prospect of diffraction limited imaging systems without creating distortions and aberrations which is a common problem in conventional techniques using lenses and mirrors. The author presents results from a simple proof-of-concept system which exhibits the potential of this technique for application in, for example, mm-wave security imaging

Modal Analysis of Millimetre-wave and Terahertz Imaging Systems

This thesis presents the theory and applications of electromagnetic field calculation using orthogonal Gaussian beam modes within the context of far-infrared imaging systems. Laguerre and Hermite-Gaussian modes have been frequently reported in the analysis of paraxial millimetre-wave propagation in astronomical optical systems. Here the method of Gaussian beam mode analysis (GBMA) is extended to fields of optical research that have until recently been associated with wavelengths in the visible band. Using recently derived expressions for the non-paraxial diffraction of Hermite-Gaussian modes, the author demonstrates the modal calculation of far-field intensity distributions with less angular restriction on the accuracy of the method compared to the conventional paraxial description of orthogonal Gaussian modes. This method shows excellent agreement with predictions from more rigourous fullwave numerical methods such as the finite-difference time-domain algorithm, which is also described as a software tool in the modelling of horn and lens antennas. The properties of diffraction limited Bessel beams is described using the Laguerre-Gaussian expansion of conical lenses, and experimental measurements of a conical lens is presented to explore the validity of the use of these optical elements as horn coupled devices in millimetre wave imaging systems. A study of diffractive Fresnel lenses has been undertaken with a comparison of experimentally measured fields with those predicted by the modal techniques. The effects of such lenses on ultrashort paraxial pulses are also investigated using a novel numerical description of few-cycle fields as a superposition of pulsed Laguerre- Gaussian modes. The application of digital holography in the far-infra red band has the prospect of diffraction limited imaging systems without creating distortions and aberrations which is a common problem in conventional techniques using lenses and mirrors. The author presents results from a simple proof-of-concept system which exhibits the potential of this technique for application in, for example, mm-wave security imaging

A Practical Class S Power Amplifier for High Frequency Transmitters

Digital signal processing (DSP) techniques are being incorporated in the design of modern power amplifiers (PA) and as the speed of DSP advances it is envisioned that DSP will develop to a point where algorithms will provide signals at RF particularly for switching amplifiers. The digital transmitter has many potential benefits such as the absence of aging or tuning problems, reconfigurability, programmability as well as ease of integration and testing. In this paper a new class S RF power amplifier architecture is proposed for use in high frequency transmitters and is not restricted by the requirement for the square wave modulator to have a sampling rate of 4 times the carrier frequency

Introduction: researching Corpus Pragmatics in Irish English

This Introduction to the Special Issue describes the research background to Irish English Corpus Pragmatics. It also gives a brief overview of the papers accepted for the Special Issue. These papers introduce new approaches to the field of Irish Corpus Pragmatics, allowing scholars to expand their methodological tool boxes in dealing with Pragmatics on the basis of corpus evidence

Introduction to Dublin 2026: The Future Urban Environment

The increasing concerns across Europe for the likely future urban environments of its major city regions are often modelled within a set of planning and sustainable development frameworks (European Commission, 2006). In Ireland, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has taken a lead in considering urban environmental futures through a range of funded research projects. One core project, the Urban Environment Project (UEP) has involved the development of a multi-disciplinary model of the future Dublin city-region based around the spatial modelling tool, “Monitoring Land Use/Cover Dynamics” (MOLAND) (Williams and Convery, 2010). Though the principal objective of the project was to incorporate and embed current indicators into a predictive model of the future urban environmental fingerprint, there was considerable interest in the ways in which existing planning policy also critically informed the likely future shape of the city (Walsh, 2008). As a summary of the work of the UEP project, the team, in conjunction with the Forum for Irish Urban Studies, organised a one-day workshop on Friday, November 13th 2009 in Trinity College Dublin to disseminate its findings and discuss a range of key themes that might shape the urban environment of the Dublin city region in 2026. The outcomes of the presentations and discussions that took place in that workshop form the basis of this special issue. The presenters and invited audience represented a range of academics, planners, community organisations and local authorities, all of who had an interest in the future of the city

Introduction to Dublin 2026: The Future Urban Environment

The increasing concerns across Europe for the likely future urban environments of its major city regions are often modelled within a set of planning and sustainable development frameworks (European Commission, 2006). In Ireland, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has taken a lead in considering urban environmental futures through a range of funded research projects. One core project, the Urban Environment Project (UEP) has involved the development of a multi-disciplinary model of the future Dublin city-region based around the spatial modelling tool, “Monitoring Land Use/Cover Dynamics” (MOLAND) (Williams and Convery, 2010). Though the principal objective of the project was to incorporate and embed current indicators into a predictive model of the future urban environmental fingerprint, there was considerable interest in the ways in which existing planning policy also critically informed the likely future shape of the city (Walsh, 2008). As a summary of the work of the UEP project, the team, in conjunction with the Forum for Irish Urban Studies, organised a one-day workshop on Friday, November 13th 2009 in Trinity College Dublin to disseminate its findings and discuss a range of key themes that might shape the urban environment of the Dublin city region in 2026. The outcomes of the presentations and discussions that took place in that workshop form the basis of this special issue. The presenters and invited audience represented a range of academics, planners, community organisations and local authorities, all of who had an interest in the future of the city

The European Commission's public consultation on the review of EU copyright rules: a response by the CREATe Centre

No abstract available