Validación experimental de un modelo de músculo activado de forma artificial

Postprint (published version

El Proyecto fin de carrera como medio conductor para la iniciación a la investigación

Los proyectos fin de carrera son una herramienta útil para la atracción de estudiantes hacia las líneas de investigación de los distintos profesores. En base a la experiencia de los autores como profesores este artículo pretende presentar algunos de los principales errores que se comenten cuando se pretende utilizar los proyectos fin de carrera como mecanismo para introducir a los alumnos en el mundo de la investigación. De la misma manera se presentan algunas pautas para evitar caer en dichos errores.Peer Reviewe

An application of the FIS-CRM model to the FISS metasearcher: Using fuzzy synonymy and fuzzy generality for representing concepts in documents

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to improve the quality of the results produced by the Internet search engines. In order to achieve it, the FIS-CRM model (Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy based Concept Representation Model) is proposed as a mechanism for representing the concepts (not only terms) contained in any kind of document. This model, based on the vector space model, incorporates a fuzzy readjustment process of the term weights of each document. The readjustment lies on the study of two types of fuzzy interrelations between terms: the fuzzy synonymy interrelation and the fuzzy generality interrelations (“broader than” and “narrower than” interrelations). The model has been implemented in the FISS metasearcher (Fuzzy Interrelations and Synonymy based Searcher) that, using a soft-clustering algorithm (based on the SISC algorithm), dynamically produces a hierarchical structure of groups of “conceptually related” documents (snippets of web pages, in this case)

CUESTOR: Una nueva aproximación integral a la evaluación automática de prácticas de programación

A pesar de que existen diversas aproximaciones para la evaluación automática de prácticas de programación, su aplicación fuera de los entornos en que fueron diseñados no siempre es posible. En este trabajo se presenta una nueva plataforma abierta que proporciona los mecanismos necesarios para realizar una evaluación completa de un ejercicio de programación realizado en C o en Java. Este proceso de evaluación incluye la verificación del cumplimiento de los requisitos especificados, el método de resolución, la calidad del código fuente y la comprobación del plagio. El funcionamiento de cada uno de los componentes de evaluación ha sido verificado de forma exhaustiva mediante la utilización de las entregas realizadas por los alumnos en años anteriores.Peer Reviewe

GoogleWave: Una herramienta para la evaluación de trabajos realizados fuera del aula

La evaluación de los trabajos en grupo es siempre difícil para el profesorado porque éste desconoce la cantidad de esfuerzo que ha dedicado cada alumno al trabajo asignado. Este artículo pretende presentar la herramienta Google Wave1 como una herramienta capaz de aportar una serie de funcionalidades no aportadas anteriormente por ninguna otra herramienta que facilitan al profesorado la evaluación del esfuerzo de cada alumno durante la realización de un trabajo en grupo.Peer Reviewe

La Sobre-evaluación

Este trabajo resume una experiencia negativa vivida durante la impartición de una asignatura encuadrada dentro del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) debido a una mala planificación de la evaluación que desemboca en lo que denominaremos sobre-evaluación. Por sobre-evaluación se entiende el excesivo número de pruebas a las que se somete al alumno y que le obligan a pasar más tiempo preparándolas que adquiriendo o asentando conocimientos. Y como consecuencia de esa experiencia negativa se presentan los medios que se han puesto para evitar repetir dicha experiencia en el curso siguiente en la misma asignatura así como las algunas de las conclusiones alcanzadas por los profesores de dicha asignatura.SUMMARY: This work summarizes a negative experience happened during the classes of a subject within the European Space for Higher Education, due to a wrong planning which provoked the so-called phenomenon: over-assessment. Over-assessment means the excessive number of tasks that a student must do. As a result of this fact, each student spends more time preparing his tasks than learning new knowledge. From this negative experiment, the following course the same teachers applied several modifications with respect to that subject in order to avoid past errors. These modifications allowed improving the results obtained by the students, especially, due to the better planning of the tasks proposed to assess students.Peer Reviewe

The Iturin and Fengycin Families of Lipopeptides Are Key Factors in Antagonism of Bacillus subtilis Toward Podosphaera fusca

Podosphaera fusca is the main causal agent of cucurbit powdery mildew in Spain. Four Bacillus subtilis strains, UMAF6614, UMAF6619, UMAF6639, and UMAF8561, with proven ability to suppress the disease on melon in detached leaf and seedling assays, were subjected to further analyses to elucidate the mode of action involved in their biocontrol performance. Cell-free supernatants showed antifungal activities very close to those previously reported for vegetative cells. Identification of three lipopeptide antibiotics, surfactin, fengycin, and iturin A or bacillomycin, in butanolic extracts from cell-free culture filtrates of these B. subtilis strains pointed out that antibiosis could be a major factor involved in their biocontrol ability. The strong inhibitory effect of purified lipopeptide fractions corresponding to bacillomycin, fengycin, and iturin A on P. fusca conidia germination, as well as the in situ detection of these lipopeptides in bacterial-treated melon leaves, provided interesting evidence of their putative involvement in the antagonistic activity. Those results were definitively supported by site-directed mutagenesis analysis, targeted to suppress the biosynthesis of the different lipopeptides. Taken together, our data have allowed us to conclude that the iturin and fengycin families of lipopeptides have a major role in the antagonism of B. subtilis toward P. fusca.

The Iturin and Fengycin Families of Lipopeptides Are Key Factors in Antagonism of Bacillus subtilis Toward Podosphaera fusca

Podosphaera fusca is the main causal agent of cucurbit powdery mildew in Spain. Four Bacillus subtilis strains, UMAF6614, UMAF6619, UMAF6639, and UMAF8561, with proven ability to suppress the disease on melon in detached leaf and seedling assays, were subjected to further analyses to elucidate the mode of action involved in their biocontrol performance. Cell-free supernatants showed antifungal activities very close to those previously reported for vegetative cells. Identification of three lipopeptide antibiotics, surfactin, fengycin, and iturin A or bacillomycin, in butanolic extracts from cell-free culture filtrates of these B. subtilis strains pointed out that antibiosis could be a major factor involved in their biocontrol ability. The strong inhibitory effect of purified lipopeptide fractions corresponding to bacillomycin, fengycin, and iturin A on P. fusca conidia germination, as well as the in situ detection of these lipopeptides in bacterial-treated melon leaves, provided interesting evidence of their putative involvement in the antagonistic activity. Those results were definitively supported by site-directed mutagenesis analysis, targeted to suppress the biosynthesis of the different lipopeptides. Taken together, our data have allowed us to conclude that the iturin and fengycin families of lipopeptides have a major role in the antagonism of B. subtilis toward P. fusca.

Implicancias ambientales de la deslignificación de pulpas kraft de eucalipto utilizando perácidos

Because of great environmental pressures, the cellulose industry has studied the potential of use of new bleaching agents among which peroxymonosulfuric acid and peracetic acid stand out. This survey summarizes the results of various laboratory investigations using peracids to delignify eucalyptus kraft pulps. The effect of a step using peroxymonosulfuric acid followed by a D-Eo-D sequence [free of elemental chlorine] was studied and compared with the use of peracetic acid and mixtures of these two acids. It was shown that a mixture of peroxymonosulfuric acid and peracetic acid reduced more lignin (measured as kappa index) than the individual peracids, and reduced more hexenuronic acid than peracetic acid with less degradation of the cellulose than with peroxymonosulfuric acid. This was explained on the basis of the electrophilic and nucleophilic properties of these acids that improved the delignification of eucalyptus kraft pulp. The effluents generated in these steps involving the peracids had greater color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phenols correlating with the amount of lignin removed and the analyses of bioassays did not show acute toxicity from effluents coming from a peroxymonosulfuric acid step. The delignification with peracids may possibly reduce the use of chlorine dioxide in a sequence involving bleaching with elemental free chlorine (ECF), in this way reducing the concentration of organic chlorides (AOX) in the bleaching effluent