ТЕХНОПАРКИ РОССИИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ

This paper presents the recent problems of infrastructure support for innovative enterprise that topical for scientists, public authorities of Russian Federation, and business representatives. The problems of organization technoparks and improving the efficiency of its existing are more widely used. In accordance with the operational strategies in the field of innovation, this implyies that Russian Federation, in fact, like the other countries, is aimed at repeating successful international experience. The results of the study showed that successful of technology parks in economically developed countries were created, as a rule, based on large research centers or corporations, little by little was transformed into megatechnoparks and agglomerations of innovative cities. Due to various features such as: historical, socio-economic, regional, legal and others, domestic technology parks are characterized by low efficiency. It is definite that they do not have a proper impact on the innovative development of the country and its individual regions. This article presents the modern innovation policy as a regulator of innovation processes, issues of organization of technoparks in foreign countries and features of Russian technoparks, provides the dynamics of their creation in Russia, analyzes the structure of domestic technoparks depending on their specialization and affiliation, as well as we have identified and summarized the current problems of the organization and operation of technoparks in Russia, including on the basis of universities. Taking into account the important role of new-generation technoparks in improving the competitiveness of the country’s economy, practical recommendations for their development in modern conditions are given.Purpose. Research of actual problems of functioning of technoparks in Russia in modern conditions.Methodology in article general scientific methods of knowledge (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, logical method), methods and techniques of economic analysis were used.Results: were identified and summarized the current problems of the organization and operation of technoparks in Russia, and issued the recommendations for their development in modern conditions.Practical implications it is expedient to apply the received results in the practical activities of federal and regional legislative and executive authorities, representatives of technology parks, universities and innovative business entities.В последнее время все больше внимания ученых, органов государственной власти России, представителей бизнеса направлено на изучение проблем инфраструктурной поддержки инновационных предприятий. Одной из актуальных является проблема организации технопарков и повышения эффективности действующих технопарков. В соответствии с принятыми стратегиями в сфере инноваций следует, что Россия, собственно, как и другие страны, нацелена на повторение успешного международного опыта. Однако, как показали результаты исследований, успешные технопарки экономически развитых стран создавались, как правило, при крупных научных центрах или корпорациях, постепенно превращаясь в мегатехнопарки и агломерации инновационных городов. В силу исторических, социально-экономических, региональных, правовых и других особенностей отечественные технопарки характеризуется невысокой эффективностью. Можно утверждать, что они не оказывают должного влияния на инновационное развитие страны и ее отдельных регионов. В статье рассматривается современная инновационная политика, как регулятор инновационных процессов, вопросы организации технопарков в зарубежных странах и особенности российских технопарков, приводится динамика их создания в России, проанализирована структура отечественных технопарков в зависимости от их специализации и принадлежности. Выделены и обобщены актуальные проблемы организации и деятельности технопарков в России, в том числе на базе вузов. Отмечая важную роль технопарков нового поколения в повышении конкурентоспособности экономики страны, даны практические рекомендации по их развитию в современных условиях.Цель – исследование актуальных проблем функционирования технопарков России в современных условиях.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались общенаучные методы познания (анализ, синтез, абстрагирование, обобщение, логический метод), методы и приемы экономического анализа.Результаты: выделены и обобщены актуальные проблемы организации и деятельности технопарков России и даны рекомендации по их развитию в современных условиях.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть использованы в практической деятельности федеральных и региональных органов законодательной и исполнительной власти, представителей технопарков, вузов и субъектов инновационного бизнеса

Technical and economic comparison of soundproof wall panels

The world of sounds accompanies a person from the day of his birth and throughout his life. With the achievement of a high level of civilization, the level of acoustic pollution in the world has also grown. Noise is a set of undesirable sounds that are not important and do not carry information. Noise pollution affects human health and manifests itself in hearing impairment, leads to chronic diseases, and also leads to fatigue. In connection with the increased demand for acoustic comfort in the construction market, many soundproof structures and materials have appeared. The paper compares the main soundproof wall panels and chooses the most optimal variant. The main properties and characteristics of the panels are presented in tabular form

The systematic approach to creating the proper motivation of young researchers in scientific institutions

The study aimed to find out how to develop an optimal and effective motivation model considering the preferences and requests of young researchers, in view of the fact that scientific specific of building and organising an internal work system, its scientific potential and resources, which provides a valuable fundamental insight. The task of the study was to develop and propose a mechanism that would be specially adapted for scientific institutions and universities. That was based on an in-depth analysis of the existing approaches of scientists regarding the specifics of the work of these organisations. The developed method is relevant to modern literature, where the definition of a motivational approach eliminates the dichotomy between existing studies. The data were collected by interviewing responders from Russian and Iranian universities. The study results show the subjective aspects of the perception of research activities by students and researchers and the shortcomings in constructing motivation systems. As a result of implementing the proposed optimal and effective "Model of proper motivation system", scientific institutions can strengthen their positions and establish sustainable activities to attract talented scientists and innovators to develop scientific progress and compete in the market knowledge-intensive services

Research on Chinese Intelligent Guanglianda in High-rise Construction

Since the reform and opening up in China, the rapid development of China's construction industry, especially after 2011, BIM technology in China has a rapid development and depth of application. This article mainly discusses the process of development of China's construction industry management and the process of development of BIM technology in China and, the use of software in China, the main use of revit in 3D modeling (design stage), the use of Guanglianda in the whole process of construction management. This article researches on Guanglianda and the applications were described, for example, in the integrated project of management information, labor management information, construction video surveillance, material management, material site acceptance. This paper also elaborates on the cooperation of Revit and Guanglianda in different stages. This paper also elaborates on a construction case in China, and makes a description of the problems of crane, facts and time, and then explores the reasons behind the rapid construction of China. And the feasibility of China's construction management approach to the introduction of Russia

Eigenfrequency spectrum of the reinforced concrete cantilever beam

For the calculation of building structures under the influence of external dynamic loads, it is necessary to know the eigen frequencies of the structures themselves in order to prevent such a phenomenon as resonance. Steel has distinctive properties from concrete, so its consideration is necessary to determine the eigen frequency of the whole structure. This article presents the calculation of the cantilever beam analytically and in the software package Abaqus for linear and volumetric problems with the interaction of concrete and reinforcement. Due to the reinforcement, the beam eigen frequencies differ from the eigen frequency of the conventional rigidly fixed rod, as evidenced by the results of the calculation

Methods of determining the optimal project of reconstruction of The Petrovsky Dock in Kronstadt

Today in Russia there are many historical monuments, which are in a derelict and not the operational state. So, this is actual question about their reconstruction with preservation of historical significance, with current technology, and innovation. One of these abandoned objects is The Petrovsky Dock in Kronstadt. Priority idea of its reconstruction it is museum. The Russian and foreign experience in development of the modern sea museums is analysed. In article the existing options of reconstruction of Dock are considered. The method of calculation of total optimality project coefficient of reconstruction is offered. Survey of experts showing what functions are most interesting to the museum is conducted. As a result, we determine the optimal reconstruction project of Dock with unique functionality

Methods of determining the optimal project of reconstruction of The Petrovsky Dock in Kronstadt

Today in Russia there are many historical monuments, which are in a derelict and not the operational state. So, this is actual question about their reconstruction with preservation of historical significance, with current technology, and innovation. One of these abandoned objects is The Petrovsky Dock in Kronstadt. Priority idea of its reconstruction it is museum. The Russian and foreign experience in development of the modern sea museums is analysed. In article the existing options of reconstruction of Dock are considered. The method of calculation of total optimality project coefficient of reconstruction is offered. Survey of experts showing what functions are most interesting to the museum is conducted. As a result, we determine the optimal reconstruction project of Dock with unique functionality

Readiness of Regions for Digitalization of the Construction Complex

The construction industry is high-tech and is one of the key areas for the strategic development of regions in terms of their digitalization. The construction complex provides regions with infrastructure of various levels from design documentation to commissioning, as well as reconstruction and major repairs of buildings. The article adopts an isolated regional approach, which is due to the need to assess specific territories by the level of readiness for digitalization of the construction complex. The purpose of the research is to determine the level of readiness of Russian regions for the digitalization of the construction complex by forming a rating of regions according to the indicator “the level of readiness of the region for digitalization of the construction complex”. To build the rating, the fuzzy sets method was applied using a triangular membership function, which allows to describe the influence of various processes on the formation of digitalization processes in the construction complex of the region. When forming the rating, a scale of fuzzy variable values is set which allows one to classify regions by levels, namely very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The generated rating is illustrated according to the specified scale. Based on the rating, the leading regions and outsider regions are identified by the formed indicator. It was determined that Moscow and Saint Petersburg are highly prepared for the digitalization of their construction complexes, and 53 regions of Russia are potentially prepared. In the future, it will be possible to create a rating of Russian regions on the level of readiness for digitalization of the construction complex with a two-year lag. Then, using the DEA shell analysis method, a quantitative assessment will be carried out that allows you to form performance boundaries and, against the background of four years, adjust the data to identify the most realistic picture. Also, the rating methodology considered by the authors allows us to scale this research to the international level, which will allow us to assess the level of digital development of construction complexes in other countries. The proposed rating algorithm is suitable for other sectors and complexes of the economy. It is enough to determine the main aggregate indicator and select groups of factors

Readiness of regions for digitalization of the construction complex

The construction industry is high-tech and is one of the key areas for the strategic development of regions in terms of their digitalization. The construction complex provides regions with infrastructure of various levels from design documentation to commissioning, as well as reconstruction and major repairs of buildings. The article adopts an isolated regional approach, which is due to the need to assess specific territories by the level of readiness for digitalization of the construction complex. The purpose of the research is to determine the level of readiness of Russian regions for thedigitalization of the construction complex by forming a rating of regions according to the indicator "the level of readiness of the region for digitalization of the construction complex". To build the rating, the fuzzy sets method was applied using a triangular membership function, which allows to describe the influence of various processes on the formation of digitalization processes in the construction complex of the region. When forming the rating, a scale of fuzzy variable values is set which allows one to classify regions by levels, namely very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The generate drating is illustrated according to the specified scale. Based on the rating, the leading regions and outsider regions are identified by the formed indicator. It was determined that Moscow and Saint Petersburg are highly prepared for the digitalization of their construction complexes, and 53 regions of Russia are potentially prepared. In the future, it will be possible to create a rating of Russian regions on the level of readiness for digitalization of the construction complex with a two-year lag. Then, using the DEA shell analysis method, a quantitative assessment will be carried out that allows you to form performance boundaries and, against the background of four years, adjust the data to identify the most realistic picture. Also, the rating methodology considered by the authors allows us to scale this research to the international level, which will allow us to assess the level of digital development of construction complexes in other countries. The proposed rating algorithm is suitable for other sectors and complexes of the economy. It is enough to determine the main aggregate indicator and select groups of factors

Translation as a Way of Intercultural Communication

The article focuses on the role of translation in teaching foreign languages to non-linguistic students and postgraduates. The translation is a way of intercultural communication. At present, the translation is not only a means of teaching and control, but also an objective of foreign language teaching and additional qualification, which is “translator of vocationally oriented texts”. The article highlights a number of issues of teaching specialized translation to non-linguistic students and postgraduates as a part of higher education in the Russian Federation