Chemometric approach to the optimization of the production of cold pressed oil from high-oleic sunflower seeds

U okviru ove doktorske disertacije ispitani su i utvrđeni optimalni uslovi za proces ljuštenja semena suncokreta visokooleinskog tipa, kao sirovine za proizvodnju ulja. Sprovedena istraživanja su dala podatke o optimalnim vrednostima sadržaja vlage u semenu i pritiska vazduha u ljuštilici na osnovu kojih je utvrđen model za ljuštenje semena. Sprovedenim istraživanjima obuhvaćeno je i ispitivanje uticaja promenljivih tehnoloških parametara, sadržaja ljuske u opsegu od 0 do 20% i sadržaja nečistoća u opsegu od 0 do 10% na sastav i kvalitet hladno presovanih ulja i pogače, prinos ulja, oksidativnu stabilnost, senzorski kvalitet i boju hladno presovanih ulja semena suncokreta visokooleinskog tipa. Dobijeni rezultati su obrađeni primenom savremenih klasifikacionih (klaster analiza i analiza glavnih kompomenata) i regresionih hemometrijskih metoda i postavljeni hemometrijski modeli čija bi primena doprinela proizvodnji hladno presovanog ulja vrhunskog kvaliteta i visoke oksidativne stabilnosti. Utvrđeno je da su definisani modeli statistički validni i da se mogu primeniti za optimizaciju tehnoloških parametara u proizvodnji hladno presovanog ulja semena suncokreta visokooleinskog tipa. Validnost postavljenih modela, odnosno kvalitet dobijenih korelacija su procenjeni na osnovu parametara unakrsne validacije. Maksimalna efektivnost ljuštenja semena suncokreta visokooleinskog tipa može se postići pri optimalnim uslovima tj. sadržaju vlage u semenu 6,0% i pritisku vazduha u ljuštilici 800 kPa. Hladno presovano ulje semena suncokreta visokooleinskog tipa se, u pogledu sastava i kvaliteta ulja i pogače, prinosa ulja, oksidativne stabilnosti, senzorskog kvaliteta i boje ulja, može proizvoditi od semena koje sadrži 10-20% ljuske i 0-5% nečistoća.In this dissertation the optimal conditions for the dehulling process of high-oleic sunflower seeds, as raw material for oil production, were tested and determined. The conducted studies provided data for the optimal values of moisture content in the seed and the air pressure in the seed dehulling machine, what presented the base for determination of the dehulling model. Also, conducted studies examine the effect of variable technological parameters, such as content of hull (ranging from 0 to 20%) and the impurities content (ranging from 0 to 10%) on the composition and quality of oil and cake, oil yield, oxidative stability, sensory quality and colour of cold pressed high-oleic sunflower oil. The obtained results were analyzed by modern classification (cluster analysis and principal component analysis) and regression chemometrics methods, and chemometric models whose implementation could contribute to the production of cold pressed oil of high quality and high oxidative stability were set. It was found that the defined mathematical models are statistically valid and that they could be used to optimize the technological parameters of production of cold pressed high-oleic sunflower oil. The validity of the set models, that is the quality of obtained correlations, were estimated based on the parameters of cross-validation. The maximum effectiveness of high-oleic sunflower seeds dehulling can be achieved under optimal conditions, i.e. when the moisture content in seed is 6,0% and when the air pressure in seed dehulling machine is 800 kPa. Regarding composition and quality of the oil and cake, oil yield, oxidative stability, sensory quality and color, cold pressed high-oleic sunflower oil could be produced from seed containing 10-20% hull and 0-5% impurities

FORMULATION OF SUNFLOWER AND FLAXSEED OIL BLENDS RICH IN OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS

The recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) are aimed at increasing the consumption of foods rich in omega 3 fatty acids. The recommended ratio of omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids in diet is 4-10 : 1, which allows muscle building, hormone production, reduces risk of the cardiovascular diseases, reduces blood pressure, triglyceride concentrations, improves brain functions, mood, intelligence etc. However, just some foods (eg. flaxseed oil, fish oils etc.) are rich in these compounds. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of enriching refined sunflower oil (RSO) with omega 3 fatty acids by adding cold pressed flaxseed oil (CPFO). Samples: refined sunflower oil, cold pressed flaxseed oil, their blends in the mass ratio 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70 were analised, and the obtained results were compared with the one comertial vegetable oil blend present on the market of R. Serbia. The content of saturated fatty acids in analysed samples ranged from 9.63 to 10.3 2%, monounsaturated from 17.15 to 30.44 % and polyunsaturated from 59.78 to 73.15 %. The ratio of omega 6 : omega 3 fatty acids found in the samples was between 853 : 1 and 0.33 : 1

Investigation of activated Al-pillared clay efficiency in vegetable oil purification

This paper represents a contribution to the applicability of natural clays and their derivates as adsorbents in the process of purification of vegetable oil. Investigation of textural properties of raw and purified clay samples reveals that during acid activation and Al-pillaring, BET and micropore surface area increases significantly. However, bleaching capacity of clay and its derivates is not determined by using sample surface area, but rather sample total pore volume. Surface area, especially micropore surface area contributes to removal of smaller molecules. This was confirmed by successful elimination of moisture and volatile materials by samples with an appropriate micropore structure. Used samples of clay and its derivates do not significantly influence acid and peroxide values of raw sunflower oil during its treatment

Composition of lipid extract of wheat, corn and sunflower harvest residues

Usled stalnog porasta broja stanovnika raste i potreba za hranom u svetu, što dovodi do povećavanja obradivih površine pod žitaricama i uljaricama. Raste i količina žetvenih ostataka koji se najčešće spaljuju. Spaljivanje žetvenih ostataka predstavlja veliki ekološki rizik, sa jedne strane, jer je čest uzročnik požara, dok sa druge strane predstavlja vrednu biomasu koja ostaje neiskorišćena. U poslednjih nekoliko godina je primećen trend spaljivanja ostataka na polju što dovodi do zagađenja vazduha i predstavlja opasnost po zdravlje stanovništva. Žetveni ostaci sadrže različite komponente koje bi mogle naći svoju primenu u prehramebnoj i farmaceutskoj industriji. Analizom sastava lipidnog ekstrakta žetvenih ostataka utvrđeno je prisustvo biološki vrednih komponenata koje dalje mogu naći svoju primenu u proizvodnji mesnih prerađevina sa poboljšanom oksidativnom stabilnošću, boljom održivošću, poboljšanim sastavom masnih kiselina, kao i novim formulama prirodne kozmetike.Rad u istaknutom nacionalnom časopisu (M52

Polyphenols and flavonoids contents in seed cake from Serbia confectionary sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Polyphenols and flavonoids represent a group of compounds with high antioxidant activity. They are called nutraceuticals due to the many favorable effects on human health including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-allergenic, anti-microbial and anti-atherogenic actions. Those bioactive compounds can be extracted from many plant sources, including wastes from various food industries, and further be utilized for the development of various functional foods. Sunflower seed cake represents a waste from production of cold pressed sunflower oils. It can be exploited for isolation of various bioactive compounds which it contains. In this work, contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were determined in sunflower seed cakes (n=20) in order to assess potential of this by-product as a source of beneficial natural compounds

Kvalitet i tehničko-tehnološke karakteristike semena oleinskog suncokreta

The quality and technical-technological characteristics of oleic type sunflower seed grown at four localities were analyzed and compared with seed of domestic hybrids of linoleic type, from mss production. The basic quality parameters were determined: oil and protein content, fatty acid composition and total tocopherols content, as well as the most important characteristics which affect the quality of separated crude oil: free fatty acids and peroxide value. Besides standard (usual) technical-technological characteristics of seed, like liter and specific mass, mass of 100 grains portion of hull and kernel etc, the hull hygroscopicity was investigated and seed dimensions were determined. The obtained results have shown that the oleic sunflowerseed hybrid - Olivko - has a high content of oleic acid, about 80%, oil content (on dry matter) is over 50%, and the protein content of the seed is about 22%. According to acidity and oxidative state, the seed is of very good quality and can be used for the obtaining of cold pressed oil. However, the seed is quite small, the hull is rather thin and there are certain differences in hull hygroscopicity. The different localities had no significant influence on the mentioned quality characteristics.U radu je analiziran kvalitet i tehničko-tehnološke karakteristike semena oleinskog suncokreta gajenog na četiri lokaliteta u odnosu na seme linolnog tipa domaćih hibrida iz masovne proizvodnje. U uzorcima su određeni osnovni pokazatelji kvaliteta: sadržaj ulja i proteina, zatim sastav masnih kiselina i sadržaj ukupnih tokoferola, kao i najbitniji pokazatelji koji neposredno uslovljavaju kvalitet izdvojenog sirovog ulja: slobodne masne kiseline i peroksidni broj. Osim standardnih tehničko-tehnoloških karakteristika semena kao što su: litarska i specifična masa, masa 1000 zrna, udeo ljuske i jezgra itd. ispitana je higroskopnost ljuske i određene su dimenzije semena. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da oleinski hibrid suncokreta – Olivko – ima visok sadržaj oleinske kiseline, oko 80%, sadržaj ulja na suvu materiju je preko 50%, a sadržaj proteina u semenu je oko 22%. Prema kiselosti i oksidativnom stanju seme je veoma dobrog kvaliteta za dobijanje hladno ceđenog ulja. Međutim, seme je dosta sitno, ljuska je prilično tanka i postoje određene razlike u higroskopnosti ljuske. Različiti lokaliteti uzgoja nisu značajno uticali na navedene pokazatelje kvaliteta semena