Spanish validation of the revised depression attitude questionnaire (R-daq)

Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop and validate a Spanish version of the Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire (R-DAQ). Methods: The R-DAQ was used as a baseline for the study. It was translated and tested to ensure the instrument was appropriate for the target population. 537 Ecuadorian healthcare professionals completed the revised Spanish version of the R-DAQ (SR-DAQ). Statistical and exploratory factor analyses were performed to examine construct validity, internal consistency, readability and floor and ceiling effects. Results: Three factors were obtained: “Professional confidence in depression care”; “Therapeutic optimism about depression”; and “Generalist perspective about depression occurrence, recognition, and management”. The internal consistency of the SR-DAQ was determined by means of Cronbach’s α coefficient, with values ranging between 0.61–0.8. The correlations with the English version reflected adequate validity. The model explained 39% of the variance. Subsequent analysis with a sample restricted to those who had received training in depression produced a model that explained 42% of the variance. Conclusion: The SR-DAQ meets the psychometric requirements for measuring depression attitude in a Spanish-speaking population and shows adequate internal consistency and validity

Variación morfológica de las especies de Astyanax, subgénero Zygogaster (Teleostei, Characidae)

Morphological variation of Astyanax species, subgenus Zygogaster (Teleostei, Characidae) The diverse Neotropical fish genus Astyanax inhabits a variety of aquatic environments. As with other species in this genus, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of species of this subgenus remain largely undetermined. Based on 354 individuals, we analyzed the morphological variation of four species of the subgenus Zygogaster (A. atratoensis, A. caucanus, A. filiferus, and A. magdalenae) using procrustes analysis and compared findings with two species of the sister group: subgenus Poecilurichthys (A. orthodus and A. superbus). The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and CVA (Canonical Variates Analysis) showed morphological affinity between the subgenera and indicated variance in body depth, anterior trend of dorsal fin origin and humeral spot, depression on the dorsal surface of the skull, and ventral displacement of the orbit and snout. The variation in these structures may provide evidence supporting adaptive speciation as an alternative to speciation driven by geographical isolation

Morphological variation of Astyanax species, subgenus Zygogaster (Teleostei, Characidae)

Astyanax es un género diverso de peces neotropicales, cuyas especies habitan gran variedad de ambientes acuáticos. La situación taxonómica de los subgéneros y de sus especies, no difiere de la problemática que presenta el género Astyanax. Basándonos en 354 individuos, se analizó la variación morfológica de cuatro especies del subgénero Zygogaster (A. atratoensis, A. caucanus, A. filiferus y A. magdalenae) mediante un análisis morfogeométrico comparado con dos especies del grupo hermano Poecilurichthys (A. orthodus y A. superbus). El ACP (Análisis de Componentes Principales) y AVC (Análisis de Variables Canónicas) evidenciaron afinidad morfológica entre los subgéneros e indicaron varianza en la profundidad del cuerpo, tendencia anterior del origen de la aleta dorsal y mancha humeral, depresión sobre la superficie dorsal del cráneo, y desplazamiento ventral de la orbita y el hocico. La variación entre las especies indicó aislamiento del tercer infraorbital del preopérculo y protrusión del extremo ventral del maxilar. La variación en estas estructuras evidencia especiación adaptativa como posible alternativa a la especiación por aislamiento geográfico. Palabras clave: Astyanax, Characido, Morfogeometría, Disparidad, Colombia.Astyanax es un género diverso de peces neotropicales, cuyas especies habitan gran variedad de ambientes acuáticos. La situación taxonómica de los subgéneros y de sus especies, no difiere de la problemática que presenta el género Astyanax. Basándonos en 354 individuos, se analizó la variación morfológica de cuatro especies del subgénero Zygogaster (A. atratoensis, A. caucanus, A. filiferus y A. magdalenae) mediante un análisis morfogeométrico comparado con dos especies del grupo hermano Poecilurichthys (A. orthodus y A. superbus). El ACP (Análisis de Componentes Principales) y AVC (Análisis de Variables Canónicas) evidenciaron afinidad morfológica entre los subgéneros e indicaron varianza en la profundidad del cuerpo, tendencia anterior del origen de la aleta dorsal y mancha humeral, depresión sobre la superficie dorsal del cráneo, y desplazamiento ventral de la orbita y el hocico. La variación entre las especies indicó aislamiento del tercer infraorbital del preopérculo y protrusión del extremo ventral del maxilar. La variación en estas estructuras evidencia especiación adaptativa como posible alternativa a la especiación por aislamiento geográfico. Palabras clave: Astyanax, Characido, Morfogeometría, Disparidad, Colombia.The diverse Neotropical fish genus Astyanax inhabits a variety of aquatic environments. As with other species in this genus, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of species of this subgenus remain largely undetermined. Based on 354 individuals, we analyzed the morphological variation of four species of the subgenus Zygogaster (A. atratoensis, A. caucanus, A. filiferus, and A. magdalenae) using procrustes analysis and compared findings with two species of the sister group: subgenus Poecilurichthys (A. orthodus y A. superbus). The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and CVA (Canonical Variates Analysis) showed morphological affinity between the subgenera and indicated variance in body depth, anterior trend of dorsal fin origin and humeral spot, depression on the dorsal surface of the skull, and ventral displacement of the orbit and snout. The variation in these structures may provide evidence supporting adaptive speciation as an alternative to speciation driven by geographical isolation. Key words: Astyanax, Characid fish, Morphogeometry, Disparity, Colombia

Green determination of brominated flame retardants and organochloride pollutants in fish oils by vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A "green", simple, and low-cost sample extraction procedure involving the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) in a vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) technique followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis was developed for the simultaneous determination of different PBDEs congeners and OCPs residues in fish oils. After evaluation of different eutectic mixtures, the extraction parameters (volume of DES, amount of oil sample and extraction time) were optimized by means of experimental design in order to maximise extraction efficiency. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision, presenting limits of detection in the low ng g−1 level. Its application in the analysis of five fish oil samples, allowed the detection of all the target analytes at levels up 21.5 ng g−1. Fish oils used in animal feed showed to be more contaminated than fish oils for human consumption.Sara C. Cunha and José O. Fernandes thanks REQUIMTE, FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) and FEDER through the project UID/ QUI/50006/2013 - POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007265 with financial support from FCT/MEC through national funds and co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020. Sara C. Cunha acknowledges FCT for IF/01616/2015 contract. Angela G. Solaesa acknowledges University of Burgos for her pre-doctoral contract and Iberoamerican Santander Research Grant (2017) for the mobility financial support. Thanks to European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Junta de Castilla y León for financial support of project BU055U16

Spin Waves in Canted Phases: An Application to Doped Manganites

We present the effective lagrangian for low energy and momentum spin waves in canted phases at next to leading order in the derivative expansion. The symmetry breaking pattern SU(2) --> 1 of the internal spin group and that of the crystallographic space group imply that there is one ferromagnetic and one antiferromagnetic spin wave. The interaction of the spin waves with the charge carriers is also discussed for canted, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. All this together allows us to write the doping dependence of the dispersion relation parameters for doped manganites. We point out that the spin waves posses distinctive characteristics which may allow us to experimentally differentiate canted phases from phase separation regions in doped manganites.Comment: 34 pages, latex file, 1 eps included figure. Minor changes, published versio