Human Lifespan: To Live and Outlive 100 Years?

Starenje populacije je dominantno demografsko obilježje razvijenih zemalja. Stogodišnjaci su selekcionirana skupina i samo jedna od 7.000 do 10.000 osoba dosegne tu dob. Čimbenici dugovječnosti vjerojatno su brojni i uključuju gensko predodređenje (lokus na 4. kromosomu), zdrav okoliš i zdrave životne navike (prehrana s malo kalorija), redovita tjelesna i psihička aktivnost, kao i dostupnost te učinkovitost zdravstvene zaštite s primjenom geroprofi lakse. Stogodišnjaci se adaptiraju na novi život i na gubitak tjelesnih funkcija koji bivaju postupno sve izraženiji kako se dob povisuje. Granice ljudskog života produžuju se - do sada najstarija poznata osoba doživjela je 128 godina. Pojedina zemljopisna područja bilježe izrazito veći broj stogodišnjaka. Navedene su i neke dugovječne osobe s više od 100 godina u svijetu i na području Republike Hrvatske i nekih susjednih zemalja. Iako se uglavnom smatra da se granica trajanja života čovjeka ne može produžiti iznad 120 godina, za sada je ipak teško predvidjeti gdje su njezine granice.Aged population dominates in developed countries. Centenarians are a select group, and only one in 7,000 to 10,000 reach that age. Factors of longevity are numerous and include genetic predisposition (a locus on chromosome 4), environment, healthy lifestyle (hypocaloric diet, regular physical and mental exercise), accessible health services, and effi cient health protection at old age. Centenarians are well adapted to the new life and compensate for the loss of functions with age. The limits of human life are extended, so that nowadays the oldest person has reached the age of 128. Some geographic areas are characterised by higher numbers of centenarians. This article mentions a few individuals who outlived 100 years in the world, Croatia, and neighbouring countries. Although some argue that the limits of human life cannot be extended over the age of 120 years, for now we cannot predict the actual limits of human life

Differences between normal and pathological aging –the basis for the gerontological rehabilitation

Cilj Fokusirano prikazati čimbenike koji utječu na nastanak bolesti i funkcionalne onesposobljenosti u starijih osoba te istaknuti razlike između fiziološkog i bolesnog starenja. Metode Gerontološko-javnozdravstvene analize na temelju utvrđivanja, praćenja i evaluacije gerontološko-javnozdravstvenih pokazatelja o hospitalnom morbiditetu i invaliditetu u starijih osoba. Rezultati Najučestaliji uzroci hospitalizacija starijih osoba (1-5) u Hrvatskoj (2014. god.) su: na prvom mjestu bolesti iz cirkulacijskog sustava (68,3/1000),slijede novotvorine (45,2/1000), na trećem mjestu bolesti oka i očnih adneksa (26,4/1000), potom bolesti probavnog sustava (23,5/1000),te ozljede, otrovanja i ostale posljedice vanjskih uzroka(19,3/1000). Prema Registru osoba s invaliditetom u Republici Hrvatskoj (2012.god.) 38% je starijih od 65 godina od ukupnog broja registriranih osoba s invaliditetom (N=519.368).Na prvom mjestu su rangirana oštećenja lokomotornog sustava, koja čine oko 30% uzroka invaliditeta u starijih osoba. Zaključak U cilju sprječavanja bolesti i ovisnosti starijih o tuđoj njezi i pomoći, potrebno je pravovremeno utvrditi funkcionalnu onesposobljenost, rizične čimbenike za nastanak bolesnog starenja te negativno zdravstveno ponašanje. Sveobuhvatna gerijatrijska procjena zasniva se na individualnom gerontološkom, biopsihosocijalnom pristupu starijoj osobi u svrhe prevencije bolesti, liječenja i rehabilitacije gerijatrijskog bolesnika te doprinosi pravodobnoj i primjerenoj gerijatrijskoj zdravstvenoj intervenciji.Aim The aim is to highlight the factors that influence the occurrence of the disease and functional disability among the elderly as well as differences between normal and pathologic aging. Methods Gerontologicalpublic health analysis based on the identification, monitoring and evaluation of gerontological public health indicators of hospital morbidity and disability in the elderly. Result The most common causes of hospitalization of the elderly (1-5) in Croatia (2014) are: first disease of the circulatory system (68.3/1,000), followed by tumors (45.2/1,000), third in eye diseases and adnexa (26.4/1,000), followed by diseases of the digestive system (23.5/1,000) and injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (18.0/1,000). Diseases of the circulatory system (27.4/1000, 2014) and neoplasms (rate of 12.9/1000, 2014) are the most common cause of death in elderly people. The elderly made up 38% of the total number of registered people with disabilities (N = 519,368) according to the Croatia’s Disabilities Registry (2012). The most common disability was the damage of the locomotor system, which makes up about 30% of the total causes of disability among the elderly (Croatia’s Disabilities Registry,2012). Conclusion In order to prevent illness and old-age dependency on others for care and assistance, it is necessary to timely determine functional disability, risk factors for the occurrence of pathological aging and negative health behavior.Comprehensive geriatric assessment is based on individual gerontology, biopsychosocial approach to the elderly for the purposes of disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of geriatric patients, and it contributes to the timely and adequate geriatric health intervention

A human mandible from the loess in the vicinity of Belgrade (Yugoslavia)

Human remains of Pleistocene age are rare in Central Balkan, although there is ample evidence of the region being inhabited in the Palaeolithic. Recent re-evaluation and cataloguing of osteological material at the Institute of Regional Geology and Palaeontology (Faculty of Mining and Geology) in Belgrade, has brought to light an undescribed human mandible. The specimen was found by Professor Laskarev loess deposits in Belgrade vicinity. In view of the rarity of human remains from the period in the region, a detailed description, together with taxonomic determination is offered

Oxidative stress and inflammation parameters-novel biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Objective: The pathophysiological mechanisms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are not well elucidated. It is assumed that oxidative stress and inflammation are the key underlying culprits for its onset and progression. To gain deeper insight into these processes, we have evaluated several oxidative stress parameters, inflammation markers [i.e., high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A1 (SAA1)], soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in IPF patients. Patients and Methods: Biochemistry analyses were done in 30 consecutive IPF patients and 30 age and gender-matched healthy control group (CG). Results: IPF patients had significantly higher advanced oxidation protein products (p<0.001), pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (p=0.010), total oxidative status (p<0.001), and ischemia modified albumin (p<0.001) compared to CG. Lower total antioxidant status and total sulfhydryl groups (tSGH) and significantly higher sPD-L1, hsCRP (p<0.001 for all), SAA1 proteins (p=0.014) and [25(OH)D] severe deficiency [11.0 (9.6-15.1) nmol/L] in IPF patients compared to CG were observed. Paraoxonase 1 activity and hsCRP level were lower, while tSHG and sPD-L1 were higher in IPF patients with more severe disease (i.e., II+III stage compared to I stage, p<0.05 for all). Conclusions: IPF patients are in a state of profound oxidative stress compared to healthy people. The inflammatory component of the disease was confirmed by higher hsCRP and SAA1, but lower [25(OH)D] in IPF than in healthy people. Also, higher levels of sPD-L1 in patients with IPF compared to healthy individuals suggest that sPD-L1 may have a significant role in immune response in IPF. © 2022 Verduci Editore s.r.l. All rights reserved

States and International Criminal Justice: COST CA18228 Scoping Survey

As part of our Action, researchers were invited to respond to a series of prompts designed to measure the impact of international criminal justice on specific countries, and the engagement of those countries to international criminal justice institutions. The first set of results, covering 12 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe are published here. A further round of data collection is underway, and an updated version will be published by the end of the Action in April 2024. We invite researchers to make use of the data here, citing accordingly. You may donwload the full list of questions of the survey here: https://justice-360.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Cost-Survey-Instrument-V1-and-V2.pdf The data has been deposited in the University of Edinburgh DataShare repository at https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/7536. If you wish to complete the survey for a country not yet covered, we plan to release a further version by April 2024. Please contact Andy Aydın-Aitchison at the University of Edinburgh ([email protected]) for access to the online survey tool or any other questions or concerns regarding the survey