Aceptación y apropiación de las normas de tránsito que protegen al peatón por parte de los conductores en la ciudad de armenia (Quindío)

Las relaciones humanas, expresadas a partir de los comportamientos y patrones culturales permiten conocer los hábitos con los que se desenvuelven e interactúan en un espacio determinado. Hablar de ciudad sin tener en cuenta sus habitantes sería desproporcional al igual que referirse a cultural vial y cultura ciudadana, si no hay un análisis en contexto de las normas de tránsito, así como de aquellos para las que fueron creadas: peatones y conductores. Esta investigación pretende hacer una aproximación que permita comprender el nivel de aceptación y apropiación de las normas de tránsito que protegen al peatón por parte de los conductores en la ciudad de Armenia (Quindío) dentro de la línea de investigación de Gestión y Política Pública como escenario de construcción de conocimiento a partir del desarrollo territorial y la comprensión de la realidad concreta en aspectos como la convivencia ciudadana, la participación y la presencia administrativa en el ejercicio del poder público desde el imaginario colectivo de ciudad. En la presente investigación se encuentran descritos -de manera aproximada- todos estos aspectos básicos de comprensión con el fin de plantear un abordaje que permita analizar en contexto la apropiación ciudadana de las normas de tránsito y como estas están inmersas en las conductas y hábitos por parte de los conductores y peatones.Human relationships, expressed through cultural behaviors and patterns, allow us to know the habits with which they develop and interact in a given space. Speaking of city without taking into account its inhabitants would be disproportionate, as well as refer to cultural road and civic culture, if there is no analysis in context of the traffic rules, as well as those for which they were created: pedestrians and drivers. This research intends to make an approximation that allows to understand the level of acceptance and appropriation of the traffic rules that protect the pedestrian by the drivers in the city of Armenia (Quindío) within the line of investigation of Management and Public Policy as a scenario of construction of knowledge from territorial development and the understanding of concrete reality in aspects such as citizen coexistence, participation and administrative presence in the exercise of public power from the collective imaginary of the city. In the present investigation, all these basic aspects of understanding are described in an approximate way in order to propose an approach that allows analyzing in context the citizen appropriation of the transit norms and how they are immersed in the behaviors and habits on the part of drivers and pedestrians

Evaluación de la efectividad de la fotocatalisis heterogénea con TiO2 para la inactivación de Escherichia coli

Microbiólogo (a) Agrícola y Veterinario (a)Pregrad

Development as a socio-cultural construct : contributions to intervention processes

ABSTRACT: Development understood as a multiple, historic and territorially contextualized sociocultural construct becomes a redefined alternative that enriches contemporary problem-solving debates of the conventional economic growth centered discourse. It aims towards new ways of understanding and operating it, giving more importance to human, social, politic, economic and space-time aspects in an integral, synergic, systematic and emergent relationship, with a concern on the realization of individual and collective subjects, enabling sense horizons in specific contexts. The structure of this alternative drives design, formulation, follow-up, assessment and execution of intervention processes acknowledging their role in the transformation of society, through the construction of a development operative system.RESUMEN: El desarrollo entendido como construcción sociocultural múltiple, histórica y territorialmente contextualizada se configura en alternativa resignificada que enriquece los debates contemporáneos problematizadores del discurso convencional centrado en el crecimiento económico. Apunta a nuevas formas de comprenderlo y operarlo que otorgan importancia a lo humano, social, político, económico y espacio-temporal en relación integral, sinérgica, sistémica y emergente, siendo su preocupación la realización de sujetos individuales y colectivos que posibilite la constitución de horizontes de sentido en contextos específicos. La fundamentación de esta alternativa sirve para orientar el diseño, la formulación, el seguimientoevaluación y la ejecución de procesos de intervención conscientes de su papel en la transformación de la sociedad, mediante la construcción de un sistema operativo de desarrollo

Utilidad de la procalcitonina en pacientes hospitalizados con infecciones virales o bacterianas ¿predice inicio o suspensión del antibiótico?

Methodology: A systematic review was carried out through various databases from January 2011 to February 2022; the search and selection of articles was carried out in journals indexed in English. The following keywords were used: Procalcitonin; infections; sepsis; bacteria; Virus. Results: Currently there are different types of inflammatory markers, among which we can highlight procalcitonin, which has become a new biomarker for the early detection of bacterial infections, especially systemic infections. The main source of procalcitonin is found at the thyroid level. After an initial bacterial infection, procalcitonin levels have been shown to increase for 6 to 12 hours, and these values ​​continue to rise steadily 2 to 4 hours after the onset of sepsis. After identifying the condition, it is recommended to measure procalcitonin every 6 to 24 hours, in order to identify the need to change the antibiotic. Conclusions: This review offers updated and detailed information on the importance of procalcitonin as a discriminating agent of viral from bacterial diseases and thus the suspension or not of the antibiotic.Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática a través de diversas bases de datos de enero de 2011 a febrero de 2022; la búsqueda y selección de artículos fue llevada a cabo en revistas indexadas en idioma inglés. Se utilizaron como palabras clave: Procalcitonina; infecciones; Sepsis; Bacterias; Virus. Resultados: En la actualidad existen diferentes tipos de marcadores inflamatorios, dentro de las cuales podemos destacar a la procalcitonina, que se ha convertido en un nuevo biomarcador para la detección temprana de infecciones bacterianas, especialmente las infecciones sistémicas. La fuente principal de la procalcitonina se encuentra a nivel tiroideo. Después de una infección bacteriana inicial, se ha demostrados que los niveles de procalcitonina aumentan de 6 a 12 horas, y estos valores siguen aumentando constantemente de 2 a 4 horas después del inicio de la sepsis. Después de identificar la afección, es recomendable hacer una medición de la procalcitonina cada 6 a 24 horas, con el fin de identificar la necesidad de cambiar el antibiótico. Conclusiones: La presente revisión ofrece información actualizada y detallada sobre la importancia de la procalcitonina como agente discriminatorio de enfermedades virales de las bacterianas y a así la suspensión o no del antibiótico

Efecto antilipoperoxidante de Plukenetia volubilis L. (Sacha inchi) en ratas con diabetes inducida por aloxano.

Con el objetivo de  demostrar el efecto  antilipoperoxidante de   Plukenetia volubilis L. (Sacha Inchi). en ratas con diabetes inducida por aloxano. Método: se diseñó  un estudio experimental de casos y controles. 24 ratas con diabetes inducida por aloxano, fueron distribuida al azar en   4 grupos: (G0) Grupo control que recibieron 0,64 ml/kg de etanol,  (G1) Grupo estándar tratado con  de 0,25 ml/kg de vitamina E,  (G2) Grupo Experimental tratado con 120 mg/kg de extracto fluido de Sacha Inchi, (G3) Grupo Experimental tratado con  140 mg/kg de extracto fluido de Sacha Inchi.En todos los especímenes se determinó   nivel sérico de Malon dialdehido (MDA) uno basal y otro a los  16 días de iniciado el experimento.  Resultados: G1 mostró una reducción significativa de los niveles de Malondialdehido (MDA) sérico de 30% con respecto al control. El grupo G2, aproximadamente del 16.18% con respecto al control y el grupo G3 también mostró una reducción significativa del 23.5% con respecto al grupo control. Conclusión: la administración del extracto de hojas de Plukenetia Volubilis L in vivo tiene efecto antilipoperoxidante en ratas.  El mismo que es dependiente de  la dosis  administrada. Palabras clave: lipoperoxidación, glicemia, Plukenetia volubilis L., diabetes, estrés oxidativo

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Associated factors for mortality in a COVID-19 colombian cohort : is the third wave relevant when Mu variant was predominant epidemiologically?

Q1Q1Pacientes con COVID-19Objectives: To evaluate the association between Colombia's third wave when the Mu variant was predominant epidemiologically (until 75%) in Colombia and COVID-19 all-cause in-hospital mortality. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, we included hospitalized patients ≥18 years with SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 to September 2021 in ten hospitals from three cities in Colombia. Description analysis, survival, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between the third epidemic wave and in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 25,371 patients were included. The age-stratified time-to-mortality curves showed differences according to epidemic waves in patients ≥75 years (log-rank test p = 0.012). In the multivariate Cox analysis, the third wave was not associated with increased mortality relative to the first wave (aHR 0.95; 95%CI 0.84–1.08), but there was an interaction between age ≥75 years and the third wave finding a lower HR for mortality (aHR 0.56, 95%CI 0.36–0.86). Conclusions: We did not find an increase in in-hospital mortality during the third epidemic wave in which the Mu variant was predominant in Colombia. The reduced hazard in mortality in patients ≥75 years hospitalized in the third wave could be explained by the high coverage of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in this population and patients with underlying conditions.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1833-1599https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5363-5729https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-2229https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-2835https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-4375Revista Internacional - IndexadaA1N

Addictive and wonderful : the experience of reading the Harry Potter series

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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014–2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia