Estudio Clínico Comparativo de la Retención de Tres Selladores en un Grupo de Niños de la Ciudad de Toluca

Se incluyeron en el estudio 10 niños y 9 niñas que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, con un total de 19 niños. El rango de edad de los niños que se incluyeron en el presente estudio fue de 7 a 8 años de edad de los cuales se atendieron 7 de 7 años de edad y 12 de 8 años de edad. La marca de sellador que menos reporta desalojos totales es UltraSeal XT, aunque en los registros por molar de cada marca no existe diferencia significativa entre las tres marcas. El método estadístico utilizado fue SPSS vs 16La caries dental es un problema de salud pública que afecta los tejidos calcificados de los dientes disolviendo la estructura inorgánica.1 La población con mayor riesgo de adquirir esta patología está constituida por niños, las superficies oclusales son las más afectadas en los dientes posteriores permanentes.2 Para prevenir la impactación de alimentos y bacterias que crean condiciones ácidas que resultan en lesiones de caries, se han utilizado selladores de fosetas y fisuras, para prevenir la caries en la región de fosetas y fisuras con buenos resultado

Phlebotominae Sand Flies in Paraguay. Abundance Distribution in the Southeastern Region

From September 1993 to August 2001, 7,190 phlebotomine were collected with CDC light trap in an endemic area for human leishmaniasis, in the departments of Misiones and Itapúa, Paraguay. Eleven species were identified: Lutzomyia neivai (93.7%), L. whitmani (4.1%), and L. fischeri, L. shannoni, L. migonei, L. misionensis, L. cortelezzii, L. pessoai, L. alphabetica, Brumptomyia avellari and B. guimaraesi (less than 1%). The last three species are new records for the country. The biodiversity and phlebotomine abundance were associated with the proximity to primary forest or gallery forest, but L. neivai was also found in peridomestic periurban environment. L. neivai was found throughout the year, and showed a period of higher activity from September to April (spring to fall) with a unimodal or bimodal pattern in relation to the annual rainy peaks during the summer. Background literature about phlebotomine from Paraguay has been reviewed.Fil: Salomón, Oscar Daniel. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Gustavo Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Cousiño, Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ParaguayFil: Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología ; ArgentinaFil: Rojas de Arias, Antonieta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ParaguayFil: López de Puerto, Delfin G.. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ParaguayFil: Ortiz, Arnaldo J.. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Paragua

Biodegradability study by FTIR and DSC of polymers films based on polypropylene and cassava starch

The polypropylene resistance to biological attacks is related to the lack of functional groups recognizable by microbial enzymatic systems. The incorporation of compatibilizing agents in polypropylene (PP)/starch (S) blends favors the interactions of their components and can potentially induce the material degradation. In order to study the degradation of PP/S blends, films were prepared with a compatibilizing agent (AC), constituted by polypropylene grafted with acrylamide (PP-g-AAm). The films were placed in an Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of a basal mineral medium with microorganisms inoculated in a cellulose filter, taken from an effluent. The FTIR analyzes of the films with the AC agent showed significant differences in the absorption bands, with respect to the control film. The asymmetric stretch signal of the grafted acrylamide that appeared at 3292 cm-1 increased in intensity only in the inoculated blends. In addition, hydrolysis was evidenced by the stretching signal of the OH bond. Abrupt changes were observed in the carbonyl region (1700-1600 cm-1) with the appearance of new bands, which shows the rupture of polymer chains. In the blends DSC analysis, a slight nucleation effect is observed in addition to a considerable increase in the degree of crystallinity, so it is suggested that the degradation could be occurring in the amorphous regions.Fil: Linares Veliz, Arturo Bismarck. Universidad de Oriente.; CubaFil: Jiménez García, Juan Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: López, Pedro. Universidad de Oriente; VenezuelaFil: de Gáscue, Blanca Rojas. Universidad de Oriente; Venezuel

IAPT chromosome data 28

[EN] Veronica angustifolia (Vahl) Bernh.; Veronica austriaca subsp. jacquinii (Baumg.) Watzl; Veronica dalmatica N.Pad.Gar., Rojas-Andrés, López-González & M.M.Mart.Ort.; Veronica kindlii Adam.; Veronica orsiniana Ten.; Veronica prostrata L.; Veronica rosea Desf.; Veronica sennenii (Pau) M.M.Mart.Ort. & E.Rico; Veronica tenuifolia subsp. javalambrensis (Pau) Molero & J.Pujadas; Veronic tenuifolia Asso subsp. tenuifolia; Veronica teucrium L.; Veronica thracica Velen.. In: K. Marhold & J. Kucera, IAPT chromosome data 28

The Role of Microglia in Retinal Neurodegeneration: Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson, and Glaucoma

Microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS), act as neuropathology sensors and are neuroprotective under physiological conditions. Microglia react to injury and degeneration with immune-phenotypic and morphological changes, proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokine production. An uncontrolled microglial response secondary to sustained CNS damage can put neuronal survival at risk due to excessive inflammation. A neuroinflammatory response is considered among the etiological factors of the major aged-related neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, and microglial cells are key players in these neurodegenerative lesions. The retina is an extension of the brain and therefore the inflammatory response in the brain can occur in the retina. The brain and retina are affected in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and glaucoma. AD is an age-related neurodegeneration of the CNS characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss in the cerebral cortex, resulting in cognitive deficit and dementia. The extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and intraneuronal accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (pTau) are the hallmarks of this disease. These deposits are also found in the retina and optic nerve. PD is a neurodegenerative locomotor disorder with the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This is accompanied by Lewy body inclusion composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. PD also involves retinal dopaminergic cell degeneration. Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve, characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. In this pathology, deposition of Aβ, synuclein, and pTau has also been detected in retina. These neurodegenerative diseases share a common pathogenic mechanism, the neuroinflammation, in which microglia play an important role. Microglial activation has been reported in AD, PD, and glaucoma in relation to protein aggregates and degenerated neurons. The activated microglia can release pro-inflammatory cytokines which can aggravate and propagate neuroinflammation, thereby degenerating neurons and impairing brain as well as retinal function. The aim of the present review is to describe the contribution in retina to microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in AD, PD, and glaucomatous neurodegeneration

Anatomy of the Human Optic Nerve: Structure and Function

The optic nerve (ON) is constituted by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). These axons are distributed in an organized pattern from the soma of the RGC to the lateral geniculated nucleus (where most of the neurons synapse). The key points of the ON are the optic nerve head and chiasm. This chapter will include a detailed and updated review of the ON different parts: RGC axons, glial cells, connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa and the septum and the blood vessels derivate from the central retina artery and from the ciliary system. There will be an up-to-date description about the superficial nerve fibre layer, including their organization, and about prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions, emphasizing the axoplasmic flow, glial barriers, biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and the role of the macro- and microglia in their working

Magnetic and microstructural analysis of palladium nanoparticles with different capping systems

Palladium nanoparticles capped with different protective systems in a size range between 1.2 and 2.4 nm have been obtained by varying the preparation chemical method. Magnetization curves for all the samples show hysteresis loops, evidencing a ferromagnetic or a permanent magnetism in the nanoparticles. The microstructure of the nanoparticles has been analyzed by x-ray absorption and transmission electron microscopy. The nature of the magnetic behavior found for all these Pd nanoparticles (NPs) is different depending on their sizes and structural features and is explained on the basis of two different suggested mechanisms. The particles protected by means of a surfactant (tetralkylammonium salts), present a ferromagnetic order related to the factors increasing the density of states just below the Fermi level. Whereas, when the nanoparticles are stabilized by covalent bonds with protective species (thiol derivatized alkane chains or surface oxidized Pd NPs), the increase of the 4d density of holes, localized by the bonded atoms (S or O), is giving rise to the observed ferromagneticlike behavio

El camino de la compasión: del autocuidado del estudiante de medicina a la humanización de la atención sanitaria

Fac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte

Grammar video lessons to foster independent learners in the English as a foreign language classroom.

Para el presente trabajo, el investigador elaboró ocho lecciones de gramática en video, basadas en los contenidos estudiados en el Nivel Cuatro del Centro de Idiomas, de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, estos videos consistieron una valiosa herramienta para fomentar el aprendizaje autónomo y una estrategia para cambiar el aula tradicional, dedicando más tiempo de la clase a la ejecución de actividades prácticas, puesto que la teoría gramatical se trasladó fuera del aula. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: encuesta inicial, encuesta de satisfacción, pre-test y post-test. La encuesta inicial y el pre-test mostraron la necesidad de los estudiantes por consolidar sus conocimientos de gramática y tener la habilidad de aplicarlos en situaciones de la vida real. Al finalizar la investigación los estudiantes concluyeron que las lecciones de gramática en video fueron efectivas y útiles para lograr independencia en el aprendizaje de reglas gramaticales del idioma Inglés. El nivel de aprendizaje autónomo que los estudiantes alcanzaron influyó notablemente en las calificaciones de los estudiantes que fueron parte de la intervención pedagógica, lo que se comprobó en el análisis e interpretación de resultados. Adicionalmente los estudiantes se sintieron motivados puesto que los “deberes” disminuyeron. Se concluye por tanto que el uso de lecciones gramaticales en video promueve el aprendizaje autónomo