Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad (RBC) en centros de atención primaria en Chil

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation status of the Community-Based Rehabilitation in Chile. METHODS: Quantitative, transversal and descriptive study. The scope was constituted by the 66 community-based rehabilitation centers in the Chilean Metropolitan Region that implemented Community-Based Rehabilitation until December 2016. The sampling was based on a census method, so all the community centers were contacted. A self-administered questionnaire designed based on the Community-Based Rehabilitation matrix defined by the World Health Organization was applied. The questionnaire was answered on-line by the coordinators of the strategy in their respective centers. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A heterogeneous level of implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation was identified, specifically in terms of the components of the matrix described by the World Health Organization. The most implemented component was Health; the Social, Livelihood and Empowerment components were moderately implemented; and the Education component was the least implemented. CONCLUSION: The implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation is mainly based on the Health component. The level implementation of the other components of the matrix needs to be increased, as well as interdisciplinary and intersectoral strategies to achieve greater social inclusion of people with disabilities.OBJETIVO: Describir el estado de implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad en Chile. MÉTODOS: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo. El universo estuvo conformado por los 66 centros comunitarios de rehabilitación de la Región Metropolitana de Chile que implementaron la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad hasta diciembre de 2016. El muestreo tuvo intención censal, por lo que se contactaron todos los centros comunitarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado diseñado con base a la matriz de Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad definida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El cuestionario fue respondido on-line por los coordinadores de la estrategia en sus respectivos centros. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando estadígrafos descriptivos. RESULTADOS: Se identificó un nivel heterogéneo de implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad, específicamente en cuanto a los componentes de la matriz descrita por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El componente más implementado fue Salud; los componentes Social, Subsistencia y Fortalecimiento fueron medianamente implementados; y el componente Educación fue el menos implementado. CONCLUSIÓN: La implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad se basa principalmente en el componente Salud. Se requiere aumentar el nivel de implementación de los otros componentes de la matriz, así como de estrategias interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales para lograr una mayor inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad

Validación de escala de apoyo en duelo en atención de salud para población hispanoparlante

The death of a child, who is attended by professionals, can be conceived by them as a loss, sometimes resulting in a traumatic expe­rience. Social support becomes an important mediator of the grieving process, helping to relieve the stress and to cope better. Objec­tive: Translation and validation into Spanish of «Grief Support in Health Care Scale (GS­HCS)». Method: Through the translation and validation of cross-cultural equivalence of GS­HCS in its Spanish version: «Apoyo en Duelo en Atención de Salud (EADAS)», we procee­ded to auto-apply this instrument to 215 pro­fessionals working in oncology units and cri­tical pediatric care. With this data there was an internal analysis of the tendencies using Cronbach’s Alpha, Bootstrap Confidence In­tervals and an exploratory analysis was perfor­med to test the psychometric properties of the scale divided into three dimensions; recogni­tion of the relationship, recognition of the loss and incorporation of belief rituals, performing a comparison of means using the t test for independent samples. Results: The «Grief Sup­port in Health Care Scale» (GSHCS) obtained a validation and reliability with a coefficient Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.81. By analyzing the variables, it was found that oncology unit professionals and both units women perceive themselves to be more socially supported in their mourning. Conclusion: The «Grief Sup­port in Health Care Scale» (GSHCS) is a valid and reliable instrument, which allows to iden­tify the perception of support in the mourning process. La muerte de un niño atendido por profe­sionales puede ser concebida por ellos como una pérdida, convirtiéndose en ocasiones en una experiencia traumática. El soporte social se transforma en un importante mediador del proceso de duelo, ayudando a aliviar el estrés y afrontarlo de mejor manera. Objetivo: Traduc­ción y validación al español del Grief Support in Health Care Scale (GSHCS). Método: Tras la traducción y validación de la equivalencia transcultural del GSHCS en su versión al es­pañol: Escala de Apoyo en Duelo en Atención de Salud (EADAS), se procedió a la auto apli­cación del instrumento en 215 profesionales que trabajan en unidades de oncología y de cuidados críticos pediátricos. Con los datos se realizó un análisis de consistencia interna, Alfa de Cronbach, intervalos de confianza de Boostrap y análisis exploratorio para testear las propiedades psicométricas de la escala di­vidida en tres dimensiones: reconocimiento de la relación, reconocimiento de la pérdida e incorporación de los rituales, realizándose una comparación de medias mediante la prueba de t para muestras independientes. Resultados: El EADAS obtuvo una validación y confiabilidad con un Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach de 0,81. Al analizar las variables, se encontró que los profesionales de la unidad de oncología y las mujeres de ambas unidades se perciben más socialmente apoyados en sus duelos. Conclu­sión: El EADAS es un instrumento válido y con­fiable que permite identificar la percepción de soporte ante el duelo en profesionales de la salud

Scale validation of grief support in health care for spanish-speaking population

The death of a child, who is attended by professionals, can be conceived by them as a loss, sometimes resulting in a traumatic expe­rience. Social support becomes an important mediator of the grieving process, helping to relieve the stress and to cope better. Objec­tive: Translation and validation into Spanish of «Grief Support in Health Care Scale (GS­HCS)». Method: Through the translation and validation of cross-cultural equivalence of GS­HCS in its Spanish version: «Apoyo en Duelo en Atención de Salud (EADAS)», we procee­ded to auto-apply this instrument to 215 pro­fessionals working in oncology units and cri­tical pediatric care. With this data there was an internal analysis of the tendencies using Cronbach’s Alpha, Bootstrap Confidence In­tervals and an exploratory analysis was perfor­med to test the psychometric properties of the scale divided into three dimensions; recogni­tion of the relationship, recognition of the loss and incorporation of belief rituals, performing a comparison of means using the t test for independent samples. Results: The «Grief Sup­port in Health Care Scale» (GSHCS) obtained a validation and reliability with a coefficient Cronbach’s Alpha score of 0.81. By analyzing the variables, it was found that oncology unit professionals and both units women perceive themselves to be more socially supported in their mourning. Conclusion: The «Grief Sup­port in Health Care Scale» (GSHCS) is a valid and reliable instrument, which allows to iden­tify the perception of support in the mourning process. </p

Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) in primary care centers in Chile

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation status of the Community-Based Rehabilitation in Chile. METHODS: Quantitative, transversal and descriptive study. The scope was constituted by the 66 community-based rehabilitation centers in the Chilean Metropolitan Region that implemented Community-Based Rehabilitation until December 2016. The sampling was based on a census method, so all the community centers were contacted. A self-administered questionnaire designed based on the Community-Based Rehabilitation matrix defined by the World Health Organization was applied. The questionnaire was answered on-line by the coordinators of the strategy in their respective centers. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A heterogeneous level of implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation was identified, specifically in terms of the components of the matrix described by the World Health Organization. The most implemented component was Health; the Social, Livelihood and Empowerment components were moderately implemented; and the Education component was the least implemented. CONCLUSION: The implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation is mainly based on the Health component. The level implementation of the other components of the matrix needs to be increased, as well as interdisciplinary and intersectoral strategies to achieve greater social inclusion of people with disabilities.Fondo Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Salud (FONIS) Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) SA15I2012