The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients. Objectives: To explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease. Methods: Cross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug–drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik®. Results: In total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions. Conclusions: PSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients

The comorbidity and co-medication profile of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy

Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is usually diagnosed in elderly. Currently, little is known about comorbidities and the co-medication in these patients. Objectives To explore the pattern of comorbidities and co-medication in PSP patients according to the known different phenotypes and in comparison with patients without neurodegenerative disease. Methods Cross-sectional data of PSP and patients without neurodegenerative diseases (non-ND) were collected from three German multicenter observational studies (DescribePSP, ProPSP and DANCER). The prevalence of comorbidities according to WHO ICD-10 classification and the prevalence of drugs administered according to WHO ATC system were analyzed. Potential drug–drug interactions were evaluated using AiDKlinik®. Results In total, 335 PSP and 275 non-ND patients were included in this analysis. The prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and the nervous system was higher in PSP at first level of ICD-10. Dorsopathies, diabetes mellitus, other nutritional deficiencies and polyneuropathies were more frequent in PSP at second level of ICD-10. In particular, the summed prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in PSP patients. More drugs were administered in the PSP group leading to a greater percentage of patients with polypharmacy. Accordingly, the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions was higher in PSP patients, especially severe and moderate interactions. Conclusions PSP patients possess a characteristic profile of comorbidities, particularly diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The eminent burden of comorbidities and resulting polypharmacy should be carefully considered when treating PSP patients

Opory przepływu przez włókniny filtracyjne z powierzchniową warstwą mikrowłókien stosowane do pyłów drzewnych

Modern nonwoven filter fabrics covered with a microfiber layer make it possible to carry out surface filtration. A dust cake forms only on their upstream side and influences the air flow resistance across the filter. The mode of formation of the flow resistance caused by such a fabric during the separation of very fine wood dust particles was the subject of a comparative investigation using a homogeneous, standard nonwoven filtering fabric. The experiments carried out in a pilotscale pulse-jet bag filter enabled a detailed description of the increase in pressure drop across the dust cake formed during filtering cycles repeated hundreds of times.Based of the results obtained the difference in this filtration parameter betweenpolyester-based nonwoven filter fabrics with a standard and a layered structure with microfiber was also shown.Stosowane w odpylaniu, nowoczesne materiały włókniste z powierzchnią roboczą uformowaną z mikrowłókien, dają możliwości prowadzenia tzw. filtracji powierzchniowej. Warstwa pyłowa tworzy się prawie wyłącznie na ich powierzchni a to w zdecydowanej mierze wpływa na opory przepływu powietrza przez odpylacz. Sposób kształtowania się tych oporów, w porównaniu do filtracji prowadzonej z użyciem materiałów o jednorodnej strukturze przestrzennej na całej grubości, stał się przedmiotem badań laboratoryjnych przy zastosowaniu pyłu drzewnego o bardzo wysokim stopniu rozdrobnienia. Doświadczenia przeprowadzone w tzw. skali zwiększonej dały dokładny obraz przebiegu narastania strat ciśnienia na warstwie pyłowej tworzącej się na przestrzeni następujących po sobie kilkuset cykli filtracyjnych. Uwidoczniono też różnice, jakie w obrębie tego parametru procesu filtracyjnego występują w przypadku stosowania struktur filtracyjnych wytwarzanych na bazie włókien poliestrowych o budowie jednorodnej i modyfikowanej powierzchniowo mikrowłóknami

Viscosity of blast furnace slags and its effects on their applications

The paper discusses the effect of chemical and mineralogical compositions and temperature of blast furnace slag on its viscosity. The importance of viscosity of slags with regard to its applications is also stressed on the basis of literature survey. In the production of heavy aggregate and pumice the 'long slags', the viscosity of which increases very slowly in a wide range of temperature, are preferred. For the production of slag cement, the short slags', the viscosity of which is varying fast, are preferred. The viscosity of slag obtained from various iron and steel plants in Poland and East Germany was determined employing the viscometer installed at the Institute, a brief description of which is also given. The graphs for relationship between temperature and viscosity of these slags are reported and the suitability of the slags under study is discussed. (Shri Narinder Singh and Shri Muthukrishnan, Scientists, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, and Dr. T. Rogozinski, Head of Slag Laboratory, Instytut Metalurgii Zelaza, Gilwice, Poland