Sublethal Toxicity of Microcystis and Microcystin-LR in Fish

The occurrence of blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in freshwater environments is a global ecological and public health concern. Species of Microcystis are of particular importance because blooms occur in many freshwater environments throughout the world and microcystin toxin concentrations can exceed World Health Organization advisory levels. While microcystin has been associated with fish kills, sublethal effects of chronic exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations are relatively unknown. The objective of this research was to evaluate toxicity of microcystin and Microcystis in fish during all life history stages. We evaluated global gene expression response in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio), and a sub-set of biomarker genes indicative of microcystin exposure were identified. In addition, vitellogenin genes were highly up-regulated in zebrafish exposed to Microcystis but not the microcystin toxin, indicating potential endocrine disrupting effects of Microcystis blooms. Effects on reproduction were evaluated in adult zebrafish exposed to Microcystis. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of adults that spawned, however fecundity and larval survival were not affected. Laboratory mesocosm experiments with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were also conducted to determine the importance of dietary and aqueous exposure in microcystin bioaccumulation and assess histopathological lesions. Tissue toxin concentrations and histopathological lesions were also evaluated in channel catfish collected from Lake Erie and Waterville Reservoir, North Carolina to monitor fish living in environments affected by Microcystis blooms and relate responses to those observed in laboratory exposures

Evaluating Understanding of Popular Press Reports of Health Research

This research assessed the ability of a sample of persons on a college campus to understand media reports of health research. Three or four articles on each of five contemporary health topics (dietary cholesterol and heart disease, treatment for breast cancer, starch blockers, drug treatment for heart disease, test tube skin) were selected from widely circulated newspapers (e.g., New York Times ) and magazines (e.g., News- week). A sample of 144 college students responded to content-based and application- based questions derived from photocopies of these popular press articles. The overall rate of reader misunderstanding approached 40% and generally fell beween one third and one half for each of 16 articles representing five health topics. Several strengths and weaknesses of the research are considered as they relate to the accuracy of estimated error rates and to the generality of study findings. The implications of these findings for other areas of health (e.g., AIDS risk factor research) are also discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67147/2/10.1177_109019819001700208.pd

Curriculum renewal for interprofessional education in health

In this preface we comment on four matters that we think bode well for the future of interprofessional education in Australia. First, there is a growing articulation, nationally and globally, as to the importance of interprofessional education and its contribution to the development of interprofessional and collaborative health practices. These practices are increasingly recognised as central to delivering effective, efficient, safe and sustainable health services. Second, there is a rapidly growing interest and institutional engagement with interprofessional education as part of pre-registration health professional education. This has changed substantially in recent years. Whilst beyond the scope of our current studies, the need for similar developments in continuing professional development (CPD) for health professionals was a consistent topic in our stakeholder consultations. Third, we observe what might be termed a threshold effect occurring in the area of interprofessional education. Projects that address matters relating to IPE are now far more numerous, visible and discussed in terms of their aggregate outcomes. The impact of this momentum is visible across the higher education sector. Finally, we believe that effective collaboration is a critical mediating process through which the rich resources of disciplinary knowledge and capability are joined to add value to existing health service provision. We trust the conceptual and practical contributions and resources presented and discussed in this report contribute to these developments.Office of Learning and Teaching Australi

The Image 1993: Enjoy The Experience

Rowan College of New Jersey yearbook for the Class of 1993; 160 pages. Contents: Enjoy the Experience p. 2, Seniors p. 17, Faculty, Staff & Administrators p. 85, Student Life p. 95, Sports p. 112, Organizations p. 144, Yearbook Staff p. 152.https://rdw.rowan.edu/yearbooks/1038/thumbnail.jp

The Role of Habit, Childhood Consumption, Familiarity and Attitudes Across Seafood Consumption Segments in Australia

Australian consumers hold very favorable attitudes toward seafood, with key drivers to consumption being taste, convenience, diet variety, and health benefits. Nevertheless, despite these positive attitudes, seafood consumption remains below many other countries. In this article, we investigate the influence of habit including regular childhood consumption, familiarity with seafood, and attitudes toward seafood on seafood consumption and consumption occasions. Habit and lack of familiarity with seafood were found to lead to lower levels of seafood consumption, whereas positive attitudes toward seafood were associated with more regular seafood consumption. People who consumed seafood on a regular basis as a child were more likely to be more familiar with seafood and be in the habit of consuming seafood in adulthood. Patterns of childhood consumption occasions were found to be associated with adult consumption occasions. Based on these findings, we discuss possible strategies and behavioral interventions for further investigation, which are grounded in habit theory and are aimed at changing seafood eating habits, increasing childhood consumption, and reducing the lack of familiarity with seafood

Early changes in brain structure correlate with language outcomes in children with neonatal encephalopathy.

Global patterns of brain injury correlate with motor, cognitive, and language outcomes in survivors of neonatal encephalopathy (NE). However, it is still unclear whether local changes in brain structure predict specific deficits. We therefore examined whether differences in brain structure at 6 months of age are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population. We enrolled 32 children with NE, performed structural brain MR imaging at 6 months, and assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes at 30 months. All subjects underwent T1-weighted imaging at 3 T using a 3D IR-SPGR sequence. Images were normalized in intensity and nonlinearly registered to a template constructed specifically for this population, creating a deformation field map. We then used deformation based morphometry (DBM) to correlate variation in the local volume of gray and white matter with composite scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) at 30 months. Our general linear model included gestational age, sex, birth weight, and treatment with hypothermia as covariates. Regional brain volume was significantly associated with language scores, particularly in perisylvian cortical regions including the left supramarginal gyrus, posterior superior and middle temporal gyri, and right insula, as well as inferior frontoparietal subcortical white matter. We did not find significant correlations between regional brain volume and motor or cognitive scale scores. We conclude that, in children with a history of NE, local changes in the volume of perisylvian gray and white matter at 6 months are correlated with language outcome at 30 months. Quantitative measures of brain volume on early MRI may help identify infants at risk for poor language outcomes

Moncure/Haywood, Chatham County : a community diagnosis including secondary data analysis and qualitative data collection

Community health cannot be fully understood without considering the health of the individuals that make up that community and social and environmental health indicators. The Moncure/Haywood community in rural Southeastern Chatham County was examined through Community Diagnosis, a process that integrates quantitative and qualitative data to create a picture of the social, political, psychological, environmental and physical health of communities. Our findings create this document that may provide a tool to help the community in future organizing and developing endeavors. Four students from the Department of Health Behavior and Health Education at the University of North Carolina's School of Public Health were assigned the task of exploring the community health of Moncure/Haywood as a learning experience. The four students, Shelly Harris, Kevin Harrell, Katie McIntire, and Dawn Rogers, worked within the community from September 1998 until May 1999, compiling data and interacting with Moncure/Haywood community members with the assistance of a preceptor, Margaret Pollard, the Chatham County Commissioner. The community diagnosis process attempts to understand the community from an insider's perspective. In order to attain this perspective, the methodology acknowledges that health status cannot be determined by statistics alone. Community Diagnosis examines the strengths and resources available to a community while examining the needs and weaknesses. A simultaneous examination may result in matching needs with already available assets and preventing overlap and duplication of services. This document provides a starting point for community members to address needs and use available resources. The project began in the Fall of 1998 with the secondary data collection regarding the general and social health of the community. Statistics gathered include morbidity and mortality, economic and demographic information, and historical and cultural information. Due to the lack of specific data on Moncure/Haywood, information was collected from the 1990 United States Census for the block group that includes Moncure/Haywood. Chatham County statistics were used when block group level data was not available. These data were compared to county and state statistics as well as to government health goals. Sources for secondary data include Log Into North Carolina (LINC), United States Census of 1990, Chatham Community Health Improvement Project (CCHIP), various state and county web sites, and agents within the local community. The qualitative data collection process began simultaneously. Community windshield tours and informal interviews at local gathering spots provided a glimpse into the community life of Moncure/Haywood. One aspect of exploring and introducing ourselves to the community included attending church services and community events. Moncure/Haywood is rich in cultural and community resources, which aided our endeavor. The Moncure/Haywood community sits in the southeast corner of Chatham County bordered by the Deep and Haw Rivers and U.S. Highway One, which are vital resources for the community. Many towns are located within a fifteen-mile radius of the community including Pittsboro, Sanford and Apex. The Research Triangle Park, a major technical and research center, and Raleigh, the state capital, are within 30 miles. The residents of Moncure/Haywood enjoy a community with a long, rich history. Originally attracting farming settlers, Moncure/Haywood lured developers of railroad and industry due to the plentiful natural resources. Religion also played a major role in the development of the community and continues to be of great importance to community members. Moncure/Haywood is a small community with less than 1000 residents. The population is almost equally balanced between African-Americans and White, providing a more integrated feel to the community than other rural towns. The majority of community members own their homes and the unemployment rate is very low. Once a booming town, Moncure/Haywood is now a bedroom community that relies on local industries and larger towns for employment. Residents generally travel to neighboring towns for shopping and recreation. Elementary and middle school children attend Moncure Elementary, and the community’s high school age teens are bussed to Northwood High School in Pittsboro. Moncure/Haywood is unincorporated and has no formal governing body. As a result, all community decisions are made at the county level by elected county commissioners. The community has grappled with the issue of incorporation for many years. Although not all agree, most community members feel that incorporation would be good for the community because of increased access to services and the potential for further growth. Community members obtain health services from the Moncure Community Health Center as well as from providers in Pittsboro, Sanford, Chapel Hill and other neighboring towns. The community health center provides many services and many of the older community members utilize its services. Other services for the community include a mobile health unit, social services, and community organizations. Data collection also involved collecting qualitative data through interviews with community members and service providers. An interview guide was established providing a framework of questions and issues to be addressed with interviewees. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, and interviews began in January 1999. Interviewees were recruited through the preceptor as well as through informal interviews at church services. Community members suggested other persons to interview that would help create a picture of Moncure/Haywood life. Twenty people were interviewed and emerging issues became apparent as to the assets and needs of Moncure/Haywood. Data from the interviews were and then coded and organized into chapters to demonstrate the concerns of the community. A synopsis of the data was presented to community members in a community meeting on March 20, 1999 in order to reflect our findings and to obtain feedback. The forum provided an avenue for new issues to emerge and to reach residents who had not been heard. The drug problem that has emerged within the past five years in Moncure/Haywood concerned almost every community member. The drug problem has led to increased crime in the community. Many felt that the drug problem is a direct result from the lack of recreation and youth activities for the community's children. With an increase in the number of juvenile arrests within the past five years, the secondary data support the problem among the community's youth. Some community members also felt that lack of police protection may contribute to this problem as well, but action has been taken to place a Chatham County Deputy within a satellite office in the community. Most residents see growth in Moncure/Haywood positively. Growth would increase the tax base and attract businesses to the area. Sanford has begun the construction of a regional airport within two miles of the community which may further development. Residents felt that more opportunities and an increase in services would benefit Moncure/Haywood. The need for the development of a sewer system in Moncure/Haywood would be exacerbated by growth in the community. Many residents expressed that a sewage system needed to be developed in the community in order to attract more businesses and developers. Many residents also felt that this may only be accomplished if the community was incorporated. The strong sense of community and community ties in Moncure/Haywood was heard throughout the interviews. Community members felt that in times of need the community would pull together and assist one another. Churches and relationships between neighbors provide a stable foundation for the community and often catalyze community organizing. These fundamental foundations make the community competent to approach the issues that concern the community and to derive solutions. There are several limitations to the community diagnosis process in Moncure/Haywood. A large portion of secondary data was collected from the 1990 census that may not represent the current population. Lack of data specific to Moncure/Haywood also limited the accuracy of secondary data. The referral process limited the accuracy of the qualitative data. Interviewees referred community members to us. Therefore, data collected may represent one side of community issues. Data may also have been limited by a lack of trust among community members. This community diagnosis process only allowed a limited amount of time to engage and get to know residents. This may have influenced the type of information they were willing to share with us. This Community Diagnosis identified the strengths and weaknesses of Moncure/Haywood. This process can provide community members with a starting place to address their needs and to aid in getting support or funding for potential services. By highlighting the resources already available to the community, community members can also examine what creative solutions may already exist and prioritize the issues at hand.Master of Public Healt

Moyo Vol. I N 1

JDB, Greek to Me . 1. Hood, Richard. Hood Advocates Off-Campus Living . 3. Rinehart, Dawn. Beta Press Biggio on Plan B . 10. Boyden, Ode on a Grecian Turn: An Interview with President Michele T. Myers . 6. Rogers, Kirstin. The Social Auction . 11. Bosari, David. Bosari on Brotherhood . 13. Mason, Amy. A Pledge in a Sea of Screaming Girls . 13. Kruse, Kristina. Kruse, Urges Thinking Hard . 14. O\u27Hare, Kimberly. Never Uncertain . 15. Howard, Tressie. D.U.\u27s New Face from Bucknell . 15. Pryor, Derrick. AΦA: A Fraternity of a Different Color . 16. Norpell, Bradley F. The Year of 1950: Looking Back on Fraternity Life . 18. Rogers, Kirstin. Freshman Lambert Co-Authors Book . 19. Bergstrom, Ida. Defending the System . 20. Bristow, Vernall. Meding D.U.\u27s Broken Reputation . 20