Quantum Size Effects and Transport Phenomena in PbSe Quantum Wells and PbSe/EuS Superlattices

It is established that the room-temperature dependences of transport properties on the total thickness of PbSe layers d in PbSe/EuS superlattices exhibit an oscillatory behavior. It is shown that the oscillation period Δd practically coincides with the period of the thickness oscillations observed earlier in single PbSe/EuS quantum well. The non-monotonic character of these dependences is attributed to quantum size effects. The theoretically estimated and experimentally determined Δd values are in good agreement

Size Effects in Transport Properties of PbSe Thin Films

This paper presents an overview and analysis of our earlier obtained experimental results on the dependences of kinetic properties of single PbSe quantum wells and PbSe-based superlattices on the PbSe layer thickness d. The observed oscillatory character of these dependences is attributed to quantum size effects due to electron or hole confinement in quantum wells. Some general regularities and factors that determine the character of these quantum size effects are established. The influence of the oxidation processes and doping on the d-dependences of the transport properties is revealed. A periodic change in the conductivity type related to quantum size oscillations is detected. It is shown that the experimentally determined values of the oscillation period Dd are in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculations based on the model of a rectangular quantum well with infinitely high walls, taking into account the dependence of the Fermi energy eF on d and the availability of subbands below eF. It is established that the Dd value for the superlattices is practically equal to the Dd value observed for the single PbSe thin film

"Political Economy of Empathy" in the Decembrists' Ego Documents at the Yalutorovsk Colony

The article discusses political economy discourse of ego documents related to the life and work of Decembrists at the colony in Yalutorovsk, Tobolsk Province (1832-1856). We study the Decembrists' private letters, autobiographical texts by I. D. Yakushkin, I. I. Pushchin, N. D. Fonvizina, E. P. Obolensky, as well as the memoirs written by M. S. Znamensky, O. N. Balakshina, A. P. Sozonovich, S. M. Semenov, K. M. Golodnikov etc. The subject of the research is "the political economy of empathy" discourse, expressed in the system of recurring motifs in the epistolary and autobiographical prose of the XIX century.В статье рассматривается политэкономический дискурс эго-документов, связан­ных с жизнью и деятельностью колонии ссыльных декабрстов в Ялуторовске Тобольской губернии (1832-1856)

Size effects in thin PbSe films

The objects of the study are thin PbSe films with thicknesses d in the range of d = 5.5 – 410 nm, grown by thermal evaporation in vacuum of stoichiometric p-PbSe crystals on KCl substrates and covered with a EuSe layer. The room-temperature d-dependences of the Seebeck coefficient, Hall coefficient, electrical conductivity, charge carrier mobility, thermoelectric power factor are obtained. When d increases to ~ 20 nm, an inversion of the conductivity sign from p to n is observed. In the d-dependences of the transport properties one can isolate a monotonic and oscillatory components, whose presence is attributed to the manifestation of classical and quantum size effects, respectively. The oscillation periods Δd for electronic and hole gases are determined. Theoretically calculated Δd, assuming a size quantization of the electronic and hole spectra, and our estimate of the monotonic component of the electrical conductivity, using the Fuchs-Sondheimer theory, are in good agreement with the experimental data

Интернет вещей: обзор основных проблем и задач

Концепция Интернета Вещей является комплексной и подразумевает объединение таких областей как аппаратные средства, сети и программное обеспечение. В результате возникает большое число проблем и задач, которые являются как технологическими, так и социально-правовыми. В данной статье представлен обзор некоторых из них.The concept of the Internet of Things is complex and involves the integration of such areas as hardware, networks and software. As a result, a large number of problems and tasks arise, which are both technological and socio-legal. This article provides an overview of the some of them

Siberia in the Artistic Vision of Anna Akhmatova (the Context of A Little Geography)

Поступила в редакцию 21.05.2019. Принята к печати 21.06.2019.Submitted on 21 May, 2019. Accepted on 21 June, 2019.В статье рассматривается структура сибирского текста в поэзии и прозе Анны Ахматовой, преимущественно сложившегося в ее творчестве 1930–1940-х гг. Цель исследования — установление повторяющихся, системных признаков авторского пространства Сибири с учетом методологических принципов рассмотрения «психофизиологических» пространств, сформулированных в ряде работ В. Н. Топорова. Сибирский локус Ахматовой диалогически и полемически соотнесен с лирикой О. Мандельштама, прозой Л. Н. Толстого, поэзией ссыльных декабристов. В нем нет привычных для русской литературы «общих мест», ландшафтных деталей, место которых занимают имена собственные (топонимы, наименования лиц). Основным объектом историко-культурного комментария является стихотворение «Немного географии» («Не столицею европейской»), написанное одновременно с поэмой «Реквием» в 1937 г. В статье выявлены контекстные связи стихотворения с другими произведениями Ахматовой (поэма «Русский Трианон», «Поэма без героя» и др.), с лирикой А. И. Одоевского, с романами Л. Н. Толстого «Воскресение», «Война и мир» и др. Установлена структура перцептивного пространства в стихотворениях Ахматовой о Сибири, которая основана на подавлении зрительного восприятия и повторении ольфакторных признаков. Отказ от внешнего изображения Сибирской земли, акцент на интертекстуальном характере сенсорных мотивов позволяют предположить, что в художественной оптике Ахматовой Сибирь представлена как точка зрения на мир, как исток катастрофического сознания лирического субъекта и мотивировка пророческих форм лирического высказывания с их принципиальной незавершенностью и фрагментарностью композиции.This article examines the structure of Siberian text in Anna Akhmatova’s poetry and prose; this type of text took shape in her works in the 1930s–1940s. The purpose of this study is to establish recurrent systematic attributes of the author’s image of Siberian space relying on the methodological principles of scrutiny of “psychophysiological spaces” put forward by V. N. Toporov in some of his research. Akhmatova’s Siberian locus establishes a dialogue and debate with Osip Mandelstam’s poetry, Leo Tolstoy’s prose, and exiled Decembrists’ poetry. It does not have the usual “commonplaces” of Russian literature or landscape details; in their place, there are proper names (toponyms and people’s names). The primary object of this historical and cultural commentary is the poem A Little Geography (Not like a European Capital), written in 1937, at the same time as Requiem. This research demonstrates the poem’s context connections with other poems by Akhmatova (The Russian Trianon, Poem without a Hero, etc.), with Alexander Odoevsky’s poetry, Leo Tolstoy’s novels Resurrection and War and Peace, etc. In Akhmatova’s poetry about Siberia, the author of the article observes the structure of perceptive space which restrains the visual perception and builds on the repetition of olfactory references. The absence of a formal description of the Siberian territory and emphasis on the intertextual character of sensory motifs makes it possible to suggest that in Akhmatova’s artistic vision, Siberia is a vantage point, a source of the poet’s calamitous perception and a reason for prophetic phrasing represented in the incompleteness and fragmentariness of the composition of the poem

Business administration as a basis for development of global entrepreneurship

The purpose of the article is to determine the role and meaning of business administration in development of global entrepreneurship. The work uses the proprietary methodology of evaluation of global competitiveness of enterprise and the proprietary methodology of evaluation of efficiency of business administration of enterprise, as well as method of correlation analysis. The authors determine the role of business administration in management of factors of development of global enterprise and offer the proprietary structural and logical model of organization of the process of business administration of global enterprise as a perspective tool for provision of global competitiveness of business and development of global entrepreneurship on the whole. The authors come to the conclusion that business administration is a basis for development of global entrepreneurship and plays an important role in this process, which consists in managing other internal and external factors of functioning of global business.peer-reviewe

The Language of Smell in Vladimir Nabokov’s Mystical Discourse of Prose from His French Period

The article was submitted on 14.01.2021.Рассматриваются мистические коннотации ольфакторных образов в прозе В. Набокова французского периода (1937–1940). Авторы анализируют соотношение мистико-философской и эстетической концепций Набокова и демонстрируют, что мистический опыт не передается писателем напрямую: он связан с организацией повествования и с рецепцией мистического кода в литературе и философии (Н. Гоголь, П. Успенский, А. Бергсон и др.). Работа опирается на исследования, доказывающие метафикциональную природу набоковской мистики, ее связь с сенсорной поэтикой. Основные результаты исследования связаны с выявлением двойственного значения одорической образности: запах является элементом сенсорных галлюцинаций наблюдателей, формой влияния на их восприятие потустороннего мира, а также средством осмысления возможностей самого языка в передаче не только запахов, но и сверхчувственных ощущений. Важнейшими характеристиками запаха в прозе Набокова служат временная и пространственная дистанция между его источником и субъектом восприятия, зависимость от точки зрения наблюдателя, специфика наименования. В частности, магическое значение образов запаха, организующих сюжет о героях-солипсистах, связано с рецепцией гротескной природы обоняния. Делается вывод о мистике как атрибуте фикционального мира В. Набокова. Мистическое значение запаха проявляется в его иррациональности и трансгрессивности: трудности вербализации обоняния связаны с возможностью запахов преодолевать границы вымышленных миров, фикциональной реальности и повествования о ней.This article focuses on the mystical connotations of the olfactory images in V. Nabokov’s prose from his French period (1937–1940). The authors analyse the connection between Nabokov’s mystical, philosophical, and aesthetic conceptions. They demonstrate that mystical experience is not conveyed by the writer directly but through the narration structure and forms of the mystical code in literature and philosophy (as in N. Gogol, P. Ouspensky, A. Bergson, etc.). The research refers to studies that prove the metafictional nature of Nabokov’s mysticism and its connection with perceptual imagery. As a result, the authors distinguish the ambivalent meaning of olfactory images. Smell is an element of the observer’s sensorial hallucination and a way in which the otherworld impacts on characters’ perception. On the other hand, images of smell are used to assess the ability of language to convey not only familiar smells, but also supersensory experiences. In Nabokov’s prose, the main smell characteristics are the temporal and spatial distance between the source and the subject of perception, the correlation with the observer’s viewpoint, and the peculiarities of nomination. More particularly, the magical meaning of smell images that create the plot for solipsistic characters is associated with the perception of the grotesque nature of smell. The authors conclude that mysticism is an attribute of Nabokov’s fictional world itself. The mystical connotations of smell lie in its transgressive and irrational forms: the fact that smell is difficult to verbalise is due to its ability to transcend the boundaries of fictional worlds, imaginary reality, and narration about it.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20–312–90036

A variable kinematic doubly-curved MITC9 shell element for the analysis of laminated composites

The present article considers the linear static analysis of composite shell structures with double-curvature geometry by means of a shell finite element with variable through-the-thickness kinematic. The refined models used are grouped in the Unified Formulation by Carrera (CUF) and they permit the distribution of displacements and stresses along the thickness of the multilayered shell to be accurately described. The shell element has nine nodes and the mixed interpolation of tensorial components (MITC) method is used to contrast the membrane and shear locking phenomenon. The governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacement (PVD) and the finite element method (FEM) is employed to solve them. Cross-ply spherical shells with simply-supported edges and subjected to bi-sinusoidal pressure are analyzed. Various laminations, thickness ratios, and curvature ratios are considered. The results, obtained with different theories contained in the CUF, are compared with both the elasticity solutions given in the literature and the analytical solutions obtained using the CUF and the Navier's method. From the analysis, one can conclude that the shell element based on the CUF is very efficient and its use is mandatory with respect to the classical models in the study of composite structures. Finally, shells with different lamination, boundary conditions, and loads are also analyzed using high-order layer-wise theories in order to provide FEM benchmark solution

Prediction of Anisotropic Single-Dirac-Cones in Bi1−x{}_{1-x}Sbx{}_{x} Thin Films

The electronic band structures of Bi${}_{1-x}$Sb${}_{x}$ thin films can be varied as a function of temperature, pressure, stoichiometry, film thickness and growth orientation. We here show how different anisotropic single-Dirac-cones can be constructed in a Bi${}_{1-x}$Sb${}_{x}$ thin film for different applications or research purposes. For predicting anisotropic single-Dirac-cones, we have developed an iterative-two-dimensional-two-band model to get a consistent inverse-effective-mass-tensor and band-gap, which can be used in a general two-dimensional system that has a non-parabolic dispersion relation as in a Bi${}_{1-x}$Sb${}_{x}$ thin film system