69 research outputs found
Predicting Driving Performance in Older Adults with the Useful Field of View Test: A Meta-Analysis
This investigation examines the Useful Field of View (specifically theUFOVÂź test), as a predictor of objective measures of driving performance.PubMed and PsycInfo databases were searched to retrieve eight independentstudies reporting bivariate relationships between the UFOVÂź test and drivingmeasures (driving simulator performance, state-recorded crashes, and on-roaddriving). Cumulative meta-analysis techniques were used to examine thepredictive utility of the test, to determine whether the effect size was stable acrossstudies, and to assess whether a sufficient number of studies have been conductedto conclude that the test is an effective predictor of driving competence. Resultsshowed that the study samples could have been drawn from the same population.The weighted mean effect size across all studies revealed a large effect, Cohenâsd=0.945, with poorer UFOVÂź test performance associated with negative drivingoutcomes. This relationship was robust across multiple indices of drivingperformance and several research laboratories. A concrete measure of sufficiencyrevealed that an additional 513 studies averaging a null result must be conductedto bring the p-value for the cumulative effect size to greater than .05. Thisconvergence of evidence across different points in time and different researchteams confirms the importance of the UFOVÂź assessment as a valid and reliableindex of driving performance and safety. Corroborating this finding, a recent largefield study in Maryland has further established the UFOVÂź test as a usefulscreening instrument to identify at-risk older drivers. Taken together, thesefindings could have far-reaching implications for public policy
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Multiple List Learning in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parallels with Frontal Lobe Damage or Further Evidence of Diminished Relational Processing?
To test the effects of providing relational cues at encoding and/or retrieval on multi-trial, multi-list free recall in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 16 adults with ASD and 16 matched typical adults learned a first followed by a second categorised list of 24 words. Category labels were provided at encoding, retrieval, both or not at all. Both groups showed enhanced recall when labels were available during encoding or throughout the task. ASD individuals showed reduced recall of the second list and reduced clustering. Clustering and recall were correlated in both groups, which also showed similar levels of subjective organisation. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of frontal and medial temporal lobe contributions to memory in ASD
The effect of long-term working memory through personalization applied to free recall: Uncurbing the primacy-effect enthusiasm
Raised Visual Detection Thresholds Depend on the Level of Complexity of Cognitive Foveal Loading
Relation of Useful Field of View and other Screening Tests to on-Road Driving Performance
Visual and medical risk factors for motor vehicle collision involvement among older drivers
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