Dissecting the development of plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are an immune subset specialized in the production of Type I Interferons (IFNs). Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) originate mostly from a common dendritic cell progenitor (CDP), whereas pDCs have been shown to develop from both CDPs as well as common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). In contrast to the current literature, we here show that pDCs mostly differentiate from an IL-7R expressing lymphoid progenitor. IL-7R+ progenitors can be subdivided into three distinct subsets based on the expression of SiglecH and Ly6D: double negative (DN), Ly6D+ single positive (SP) and double positive (DP) progenitors. Each of these subsets identifies a specific developmental stage along the pDC lineage, where commitment by IL-7R+ progenitors is achieved upon expression of Ly6D and SiglecH (DP pre-pDCs). Further, RNA sequencing analysis of IL-7R+ lymphoid progenitor subsets revealed the transcriptional landscape of pDC development along the lymphoid branch, where high expression of the transcription factor IRF8 marks pDC commitment and anticipates the increase of TCF4 levels. The transcriptional signature of DP pre-pDCs correlates with the lineage potential assessed in vitro, in which DP pre-pDCs are fully committed to the pDC lineage. Moreover, single cell RNA sequencing on bone marrow and splenic pDCs revealed pDC heterogeneity in both tissues and further supported the dual origin of pDC from myeloid and lymphoid precursors. While all pDCs have the potential to secrete Type I IFNs and have high expression levels of pDC-specific transcript, only myeloid-derived pDCs share with cDCs the capacity to process and present antigen, suggesting that functional specification is directly linked to developmental origin

Phytochemical study of Muehlenbeckia platyclada (F. Muell) leaves

Medicinal plants have active substances with therapeutic potential that have been used in the treatment of various diseases in humans since the most primitive populations. The use of those plants establishes a direct relationship with the theme of planetary health as it allows to relate the health of the planet's natural systems and the health of human civilization. The plant species Muehlenbeckia platyclada, belonging to the Polygonaceae family, is important in traditional medicine, presenting antinociceptive and analgesic activities proven in several studies. The general objective of the current study is to understand the chemical and phytochemical characteristics of M. platyclada. From the leaves, the humidity and total ash contents were quantified as well as phytochemical prospecting was carried out. An aqueous extract and four ethanolic extracts of different concentrations were prepared from the leaves of the plant drug. Total phenol and flavonoid levels were quantified and the presence of antioxidant activity was verified. As a result: The sum of total ash and humidity content produced a value of 96.39%. It was possible to observe that the reactions for tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids/steroids, and saponins were positive while anthraquinones and alkaloids were negative. The average phenol contents ranged from 1.83 to 8.53mg/100g (of organic plant material), concerning the extracting solvents (p < 0.05). The extracting liquid that provided the highest yield of phenols and flavonoids was 50% ethanol, using the hot and cold extraction method. Regarding antioxidant activity, the effective concentration (EC50) for rutin (positive control) was 5.50mg/mL and ranged from 14.30±0.10 to 65.66±7.79 mg/mL, being identified the aqueous extract as the one with the greatest activity. Phytochemical prospecting and investigation into antioxidant activity allow the classification of the studied plant as a potential anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent

Evaluation of plasma, high-pressure and ultrasound processing on the stability of fructooligosaccharides

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are among the main carbohydrates with prebiotic activity, and they are the most applied functional carbohydrate ingredient in the food industry. FOS are known to hydrolyse when subjected to thermal processing, thus partially losing its functional properties. In this study, we evaluate whether three nonthermal technologies are suitable for processing FOS regarding its stability after processing. FOS were subjected to ultrasound, high-pressure processing (HPP) and atmospheric cold plasma (ACP). The FOS solution, 70 g L−1, was set at a concentration recommended for human intake. The treatments were carried out at operating conditions usually used for microbial inactivation in foods (HPP at 450 MPa for 5 min; US at 600–1200 W L−1 for 5 min; ACP at 70 kV for 15–60 s). NMR and HPLC analysis of the FOS components showed that ACP, ultrasound and HPP have not induced any significant change on FOS concentration (\u3c2.0%) nor on the degree of polymerisation of the FOS (\u3c3.3%). Contrarily to what is reported for thermal treatments, these nonthermal technologies were considered suitable for FOS processing

Fructooligosacchariedes Integrity After Atmospheric Cold Plasma and High Press

In this study, the effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma and high-pressure processing on the prebiotic orange juice was evaluated. Orange juice containing 7g/100g of commercial fructooligosaccharides (FOS) was directly and indirectly exposed to a plasma discharge at 70kV with processing times of 15, 30, 45 and 60s. For high-pressure processing, the juice containing the same concentration of FOS was treated at 450MPa for 5min at 11.5°C in an industrial equipment (Hyperbaric, model: 300). After the treatments, the fructooligosaccharides were qualified and quantified by thin layer chromatography. The organic acids and color analysis were also evaluated. The maximal overall fructooligosaccharides degradation was found after high-pressure processing. The total color difference wa

Fructooligosaccharides integrity after atmospheric cold plasma and high-pressure processing of a functional orange juice

peer-reviewedIn this study, the effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma and high-pressure processing on the prebiotic orange juice was evaluated. Orange juice containing 7 g/100 g of commercial fructooligosaccharides (FOS) was directly and indirectly exposed to a plasma discharge at 70 kV with processing times of 15, 30, 45 and 60 s. For high-pressure processing, the juice containing the same concentration of FOS was treated at 450 MPa for 5 min at 11.5 °C in an industrial equipment (Hyperbaric, model: 300). After the treatments, the fructooligosaccharides were qualified and quantified by thin layer chromatography. The organic acids and color analysis were also evaluated. The maximal overall fructooligosaccharides degradation was found after high-pressure processing. The total color difference was < 3.0 for high-pressure and plasma processing. citric and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) showed increased content after plasma and high-pressure treatment. Thus, atmospheric pressure cold plasma and high-pressure processing can be used as non-thermal alternatives to process prebiotic orange juice

Moving towards personalized medicine - the broad use of aptamers for targeted theranostic

Aptamers are short, single-stranded oligonucleotides synthesized in vitro from a randomized oligonucleotide library against a specific target. These molecules are capable of binding to a wide range of biological targets with high specificity and affinity. They present great advantages over antibodies with potential applications in research, diagnosis, and therapeutics. Specifically for tumors with late-stage identification and poor prognosis, like pancreatic cancer, the study of novel aptamers holds tremendous potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Along with cancer treatment, aptamers have also shown high potential in regulating the immune response and modulating several critical steps of signaling cascades, such as in immune checkpoints. In the context of microbiota and infection, aptamers are being studied to identify microbes and their metabolites. This assessment has the potential to improve the detection and management of infectious diseases while assisting us in better understanding health risks and treatment outcomes by tracking changes in the microbiota. In this review, the potential of aptamers is explored regarding their applications in cancer, immune, and microbiota therapy.Pilar Baylina (P.B.) acknowledges on the behalf of the authors the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portuguese Government, under the Strategic Project Reference: UID/BIM/04293/2013. Pilar Baylina (P.B.) and R.F. was also supported by FEDER/02/SAICT/2020/072560. Ana Cláudia Pereira (A.C.P.) acknowledges the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portuguese Government, under the Strategic Project Reference: 2022.09032.PTDC. André P. Sousa acknowledges FCT for the PhD grant 2022.12441.BD. Ana C. Rocha acknowledges FCT for the PhD grant 2021.06521.BD. Patrick P. Pais acknowledges FCT for the PhD grant 2021.09498.BD. Susana Ramalho acknowledges LaBMI for the PhD grant LABMI/BI/2021/01 (NEURO4COVID).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação sensorial e Microbiológica do Bacon de Ventrecha de Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) / Sensory and microbiological evalution of Pirarucu ventrecha bacon (Arapaima gigas)

O pescado é considerado um alimento altamente perecível, sendo necessária a adoção de tecnologias que aumentem sua vida de prateleira como a elaboração de novos produtos. O pirarucu é considerado um peixe de alto valor comercial, e apresenta características zootécnicas favoráveis para pisicicultura. O bacon proveniente da ventrecha de pirarucu é um produto inovador e sua análise sensorial e microbiológica são necessárias para compreender uma futura inserção deste produto no mercado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar o bacon de pirarucu proveniente do corte ventrecha, além de realizar sua análise microbiológica e sensorial. O processo de elaboração do bacon é simples, consiste em um preparo prévio seguido de defumação e aplicação de alguns ingredientes disponíveis na culinária brasileira, apresentando grande relevância para comercialização como alternativa de um novo produto. O produto foi submetido a caracterização microbiológica e análise sensorial de aparência e intenção de compra, com 63 provadores não treinados. O bacon apresentou-se como um produto de textura e palatabilidade uniforme. Apresentando-se isento de microrganismos deteriorantes e de contaminantes, atendendo a legislação. Os parâmetros sensoriais de aparência avaliados (aparência, aroma, sabor, cor) apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. A nota média atribuída pelos degustadores na intenção de compra do produto foi entre 5 e 6, estando na escala entre os termos “comeria frequentemente” e “comeria sempre”. Acredita-se que o processamento do bacon de pirarucu possibilita ser um mais um produto desenvolvido na tecnologia de pescado, justamente por envolver a aplicação de uma tecnologia tradicional e facilmente adaptável

Estoques de carbono do solo e nas frações lábeis da matéria orgânica sob sistema agroflorestal em brejo de altitude pernambucano

Intense soil preparation and disturbance in crops, over time, reduces the quantity and quality of soil organic matter. Given this context, this work aimed to determine soil carbon stocks and labile fractions under agroforestry system (AFS) and toposequences in an altitude marsh, Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, Brazil. The study was carried out at the Yaguara farm, and the areas studied were native forest with 4.57 ha and coffee plantation in shade with native forest with 25.59 ha. Soil samples were collected in four trenches measuring 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.60 m, with a distance of 50 meters. Soils were collected at depths of 0–20, 20–40 and 40-60 cm, followed by chemical, physical and density analyzes to determine soil carbon stocks and labile fractions. The area with shaded coffee showed higher values ​​of soil carbon stocks at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. At a depth of 40-60 cm, the AFS top toposequence showed the highest carbon stock with 11.73 Mg ha-1, followed by the area with native vegetation with 10.6 Mg ha-1, slope with 9.23 Mg ha-1 and pediment with 7.00 Mg ha-1. It was found that the top toposequence with shaded coffee exhibited a greater stock of labile carbon at depth 0-20 cm with a value of 1.06 Mg ha-1, followed by the bedding areas (SAF) with 0.88 Mg ha-1, native forest with 0.79 Mg ha-1 and slope with 0.67 g kg-1. However, the area of native vegetation showed the highest value of labile carbon at a depth of 40-60 cm. It was concluded that the area with shaded coffee in the top toposequence showed great capacity to increase total carbon stocks and labile carbon stocks of soil organic matter.O intenso preparo e revolvimento do solo em cultivos, com o tempo, reduz a quantidade e a qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os estoques de carbono do solo e frações lábeis sob sistema agroflorestal (SAF) e topossequências em brejo de altitude, em Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda Yaguara, e as áreas estudadas foram mata nativa com 4,57 ha e plantio de café sombreado com mata nativa com 25,59 ha. As amostras de solos foram coletadas em quatro trincheiras 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,60 m, com distância de 50 metros. Foram coletados solos nas profundidades de 0–20, 20–40 e 40-60 cm, seguido de análises químicas, físicas e densidade para determinação dos estoques de carbono no solo e frações lábeis. A área com café sombreado apresentou maiores valores de estoques de carbono no solo nas profundidades de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm. Na profundidade de 40-60 cm, a topossequência de topo do SAF apresentou maior estoque de carbono com 11,73 Mg ha-1, seguido da área com vegetação nativa com 10,6 Mg ha-1 , encosta com 9,23 Mg ha-1 e pedimento com 7,00 Mg ha-1. Verificou-se que a topossequência de topo com café sombreado exibiu maior estoque de carbono lábil na profundidade 0-20 cm com o valor de 1,06 Mg ha-1, sucedido das áreas de pedimento (SAF) com 0,88 Mg ha-1, mata nativa com 0,79 Mg ha-1e encosta com 0,67 Mg ha-1. No entanto, a área de vegetação nativa apresentou o maior valor de carbono lábil na profundidade de 40-60 cm. Concluiu-se que a área com café sombreado na topossequência topo mostrou grande capacidade para elevar os estoques de carbono total e estoques de carbono lábil da matéria orgânica do solo

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO