Somatic maturation and physical performance in young soccer players

Orientador: Miguel de ArrudaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação FísicResumo: OBJETIVO: Comparar a maturação somática e a relação que esta tem com o desempenho físico em jovens futebolistas. AMOSTRA: Foram selecionados 105 sujeitos, entre 11 a 17 anos de idade, pertencentes a um clube de futebol do estado de São Paulo. Os sujeitos participantes deste estudo foram divididos em três grupos: grupo de sujeitos classificados como antes do pico de velocidade de crescimento (APVC), durante o pico (PVC), e depois do pico (DPVC). Para o estudo do intervalo do tempo de crescimento relativo à estatura foi estabelecida a divisão dos sujeitos de seis (6) em seis (6) meses do PVC. MÉTODO: As variáveis que caracterizam a composição corporal foram: massa magra, % gordura e soma das dobras cutâneas. As avaliações físicas foram constituídas por testes físicos de saltos verticais (SJ e CMJ), velocidade de 10 metros (V10m) e teste do yo-yo Intermitente Recovery nível 1 (Yoyo IR1). Para análise inferencial foram utilizados a ANOVA (one way) e para determinação das diferenças intergrupos utilizou-se o teste Post Hoc de Tukey, com nível de significância p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram diferenças significantes entre APVC, PVC e DPVC (p< 0,05) nas variáveis da SJ e CMJ, no consumo de oxigênio máximo ajustado (VO2max). Na curva do tempo houve uma tendência de diferenças entre os grupos para o SJ (p= 0,0188), sendo observados pontos críticos de maiores e menores valores médios nos indicadores da resistência. CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferenças no comportamento do desempenho da força explosiva quanto ao pico de velocidade de crescimento, tanto para o momento como para o fator tempo. Quando ajustado o VO2max pela alometria no intervalo de tempo de crescimento de estatura, foi observada variabilidade na curva do PVC, sugerindo um ponto crítico no pico de velocidade de crescimento dos jovens futebolistasAbstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the somatic maturation and its relationship with the physical performance of young soccer players. SAMPLE: The sample included 105 subjects, 11 to 17 years old, belonging to a football club in the state of São Paulo. The subjects of this study were divided into three groups: group of subjects classified as before the peak velocity (BPVG) during the peak (PVG), and after the peak (APVG). To study the time interval relative growth height was established dividing the subjects into six (6) six months (6) months of PVG. METHODS: The variables that characterize the body composition were: lean mass, fat% and sum of skinfolds. The evaluations consisted of physical fitness test vertical jump (SJ and CMJ), speed (10 meters V10m) and test yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (IR1 Yoyo). For inferential analysis, we used the ANOVA (one Way) and to determine differences between groups used the post hoc Tukey test was employed, with significance level p<0,05. RESULTS: The results showed significant differences between BPVG, PVG and APVG (p <0.05) in the SJ and CMJ, the adjusted maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). In time curve there was a trend of differences between groups for SJ (p = 0.0188), and noting critical points of highest and lowest average values in the indicators of resistance. CONCLUSION: There was a tendency for differences in the behavior of the performance of explosive force as the peak velocity for growth, both for the moment and for the time factor. When adjusted by allometry VO2max in the time interval of height growth were observed variability in PVG curve, suggesting a critical point in the peak growth rate of young playersMestradoBiodinamica do Movimento e EsporteMestre em Educação Físic

Características antropométricas e de aptidão física de meninos atletas de futebol

The objective of this study was to determine anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of Brazilian male children and adolescents at the beginning of soccer training. In this study, 282 male soccer players ranging in age from 10 to 13 years were evaluated. The athletes participated in a formal soccer training program 3 times per week, with each training lasting 3 hours. Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters were obtained. The boys were divided into age classes and prevalence data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Parametric data were compared by one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test, when necessary. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and a p value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Growth, development, body adiposity and physical fitness characteristics were adequate and proportional to age among the boys studied (p<0.05). It was concluded that anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of young male elite soccer players improve with and are proportional to age. Children and adolescents greatly benefit from regular physical activity. The present results show that young male soccer players present adequate anthropometric conditions and physical fitness prior to the initiation of formal training at soccer clubs.O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar as características antropométricas e de aptidão física de meninos no início da fase de treinamento especializado em futebol. Foram avaliados 282 meninos atletas de 10 a 13 anos de idade. Os meninos atletas estavam na fase inicial do treinamento especializado, 3 vezes/semana, 3 horas/dia. Todos foram submetidos a testes e medidas antropométricas e de aptidão física. Os meninos atletas foram agrupados em faixas etárias e os dados relativos às prevalências nas diferentes categorias antropométricas e de composição corporal foram analisados por meio do teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson. Os dados paramétricos foram comparados por meio da ANOVA one-way e, quando necessário, por meio do método de Kruskal-Wallis. Todos os resultados foram expressos como média±desvios-padrão e os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente diferentes quando p<0,05. O crescimento, o desenvolvimento, a adiposidade corporal e a aptidão física foram adequadas e proporcionais à idade dos meninos atletas de futebol (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que as características antropométricas e de aptidão física de meninos das categorias de base da elite do futebol melhoram e são proporcionais à idade. Crianças e adolescentes atletas de futebol exibem favoráveis características antropométricas e de aptidão física.Hospital e Maternidade AlvoradaCentro Universitário Adventista de São PauloSão Paulo Futebol ClubeUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Laboratório de Fisiologia e Fisiopatologia cardíacaCentro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo Laboratório de Fisiologia do ExercícioUNIFESP, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Fisiopatologia cardíacaSciEL

Sensitivity and specificity of the strength performance diagnostic by different vertical jump tests in soccer and volleyball at puberty

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of different protocols for measurement of vertical jump tests for the diagnosis of explosive strength in soccer and volleyball players at puberty. METHOD: Cross-sectional study population of 110 non-probabilistic young male athletes (60 soccer players and 50 volleyball players) aged 13 to 18 belonging to clubs in the metropolitan region of Campinas, SP, Brazil. Participants had their biological maturation assessed by two methods: self-assessment and clinical measurement; after this evaluation, those classified as pubertal (25 soccer and 23 volleyball players) were included. Anthropometric data (body weight, height and skinfold thickness) and vertical jump tests: squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ, 40-cm height) and vertical jumps continuously with 5 seconds duration (CJ5s) were collected. The following measurements of diagnostic performance were calculated: sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Significance level of 5% was adopted for all tests. RESULTS: Explosive strength estimated by the SJ and CMJ methods showed equivalent sensitivities, while the SJ presented higher specificity than the three methods, and accuracy of SJ was different from the other methods, which was high (above 80%). CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of explosive strength as SJ test presented high sensitivity and specificity with high predictive value at puberty.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade de diferentes protocolos de medida dos testes de saltos verticais para o diagnóstico da força explosiva em futebolistas e voleibolistas na puberdade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com população não probabilística de 110 jovens atletas do sexo masculino (60 futebolistas e 50 voleibolistas) na faixa etária de 13 a 18 anos pertencentes a clubes da região metropolitana de Campinas, SP, Brasil. Os participantes tiveram sua maturação biológica avaliada por dois métodos: autoavaliação e medida clínica. Após essa avaliação, foram incluídos os classificados como púberes (25 futebolistas e 23 voleibolistas). Foram coletados dados antropométricos (massa corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas) e testes de saltos verticais: squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ; 40 cm height) e saltos verticais contínuos com cinco segundos de duração (CJ5s). Foram calculadas as medidas de desempenho diagnóstico: sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia. O nível de significância adotado foi 5% para todos os testes. RESULTADOS: As forças explosivas estimadas pelos métodos de SJ e CMJ apresentaram sensibilidades equivalentes, enquanto o SJ apresentou maior especificidade do que os três métodos, e a acurácia do SJ foi diferente dos outros métodos, a qual foi alta (superior a 80%). CONCLUSÃO: O diagnóstico da força explosiva como teste SJ apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade elevadas, com seu valor preditivo alto na puberdade.36737

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

<b>Anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of young male soccer players </b>

The objective of this study was to determine anthropometric and physical fitnesscharacteristics of Brazilian male children and adolescents at the beginning of soccer training. Inthis study, 282 male soccer players ranging in age from 10 to 13 years were evaluated. The athletesparticipated in a formal soccer training program 3 times per week, with each training lasting 3hours. Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters were obtained. The boys were divided intoage classes and prevalence data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Parametric datawere compared by one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test, when necessary. The resultsare expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and a p value <0.05 was considered to be significant.Growth, development, body adiposity and physical fitness characteristics were adequateand proportional to age among the boys studied (p<0.05). It was concluded that anthropometricand physical fitness characteristics of young male elite soccer players improve with and areproportional to age. Children and adolescents greatly benefit from regular physical activity. Thepresent results show that young male soccer players present adequate anthropometric conditionsand physical fitness prior to the initiation of formal training at soccer clubs