Aproximación a la farmacología del sulfato de magnesio desde la perspectiva obstétrica

Introduction: Since its first use in 1926 in eclampsia´s management magnesium sulphate has been a drug used and studied extensively by obstetricians. For a long time, practitioners remained sceptical about its potential benefits but the emergence of well-structured studies provided evidence in favor and against. Objective: A review of the literature on the pharmacology, physiology, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, main applications and schemes of administration of the sulfate of magnesium in obstetrics. Methodology: Search in the database MEDLINE via PubMed, using the terms: Magnesium Sulfate, pharmacology, Obstetrics, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Neuroprotective Agents. Other papers were added in order to expand information on some topics. Conclusions: The pharmacological properties that express the magnesium sulfate is linked directly with its effect antagonistic with the calcium. Shows effects to level muscle, neuronal, cardiovascular, among others. Its uses in obstetrics include mainly the management of preeclampsia, prevention of eclampsia, and prevention of cerebral palsy in the premature neonate. The magnesium sulphate tocolytic effects even is discussed because the evidence is inconclusive. [Rodríguez-Hernández PA, Beltrán-Avendaño MA. An approach to the pharmacology of magnesium sulfate from an obstetric perspective. MedUNAB 2016; 19(1): 25-32]Introducción: Desde su primer uso en 1926 en el manejo de la eclampsia el sulfato de magnesio ha sido un medicamento utilizado y estudiado ampliamente por obstetras. Durante mucho tiempo se mantuvo escepticismo sobre sus potenciales beneficios, pero la aparición de estudios bien estructurados aportó evidencia a favor o en contra de algunos de estos. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca dela farmacología, fisiología, farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, principales usos y regímenes de administración del sulfato de magnesio en obstetricia. Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline, a través de PubMed, utilizando los términos Magnesium Sulfate, Pharmacology, Obstetrics, Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Neuroprotective Agents. Se adicionaron otros artículos con el fin de ampliar información en ciertos temas. Conclusiones: Las propiedades farmacológicas que expresa el sulfato de magnesio se relacionan directamente con su efecto antagónico con el calcio. Muestra efectos a nivel muscular, neuronal, cardiovascular, entre otros. Sus usos en obstetricia abarcan principalmente el manejo de la preeclampsia,  prevención de la eclampsia, y prevención de la parálisis cerebral del recién nacido prematuro. El uso como agente tocolítico en el trabajo de parto prematuro aun es discutido ya que la evidencia es inconclusa. [Rodríguez-Hernández PA, Beltrán-Avendaño MA. Aproximación a la farmacología del sulfato de magnesio desde la perspectiva obstétrica. MedUNAB 2016; 19(1): 25-32]

Nivel de conocimientos sobre el autoexamen de mama en el servicio de consulta externa de ginecoobstetricia del Hospital Mario Gaitán Yanguas de Soacha Cundinamarca en mujeres mayores de 18 años en Mayo y Junio de 2016

El cáncer de mama es una enfermedad rápidamente proliferativa con características muy agresivas. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), es el tipo de cáncer más frecuente en la población femenina en países desarrollados como los en vía de desarrollo. El principal objetivo del estudio es identificar los conocimientos acerca del autoexamen de seno de las pacientes del servicio de consulta externa de ginecoobstetricia del Hospital Mario Gaitán Yanguas (Soacha – Cundinamarca) en los meses de Mayo y Junio de 2016. Se plantea un estudio descriptivo transversal con una población de 884 pacientes, se fija un intervalo de confianza de 95%, dando como resultado una muestra de 267 pacientes. Se caracterizó la población y se analizó el nivel de conocimientos de la técnica correcta del autoexamen de mama, encontrando un promedio de edad de 34 años entre los principales resultados, con un rango que va desde los 18 años hasta los 64 años. Se encontró que un 52% de las mujeres si se realizan el autoexamen de mama periódicamente y que el principal motivo de no realizarlo es desconocer la técnica adecuada. Posteriormente se preguntó a las pacientes acerca del conocimiento de los programas de promoción y prevención para la salud de la mama ofrecidos por el hospital Mario Gaitán Yanguas,PregradoMédico(a) Cirujan

Abordagem farmacológica do sulfato de magnésio a partir da perspectiva obstétrica

Desde su primer uso en 1926 en el manejo de la eclampsia el sulfato de magnesio ha sido un medicamento utilizado y estudiado ampliamente por obstetras. Durante mucho tiempo se mantuvo escepticismo sobre sus potenciales beneficios, pero la aparición de estudios bien estructurados aportó evidencia a favor o en contra de algunos de estos. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca dela farmacología, fisiología, farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, principales usos y regímenes de administración del sulfato de magnesio en obstetricia. Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline, a través de PubMed, utilizando los términos Magnesium Sulfate, Pharmacology, Obstetrics, Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Neuroprotective Agents. Se adicionaron otros artículos con el fin de ampliar información en ciertos temas. Conclusiones: Las propiedades farmacológicas que expresa el sulfato de magnesio se relacionan directamente con su efecto antagónico con el calcio. Muestra efectos a nivel muscular, neuronal, cardiovascular, entre otros. Sus usos en obstetricia abarcan principalmente el manejo de la preeclampsia, prevención de la eclampsia, y prevención de la parálisis cerebral del recién nacido prematuro. El uso como agente tocolitico en el trabajo de parto prematuro aun es discutido ya que la evidencia es inconclusa. [Rodríguez-Hernández PA, Beltrán-Avendaño MA. Aproximación a la farmacología del sulfato de magnesio desde la perspectiva obstétrica. MedUNAB 2016; 19(1): 25-32].Since its first use in 1926 in eclampsia´s management magnesium sulphate has been a drug used and studied extensively by obstetricians. For a long time, practitioners remained sceptical about its potential benefits but the emergence of well-structured studies provided evidence in favor and against. Objective: A review of the literature on the pharmacology, physiology, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, main applications and schemes of administration of the sulfate of magnesium in obstetrics. Methodology: Search in the database MEDLINE via PubMed, using the terms: Magnesium Sulfate, pharmacology, Obstetrics, Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Neuroprotective Agents. Other papers were added in order to expand information on some topics. Conclusions: The pharmacological properties that express the magnesium sulfate is linked directly with its effect antagonistic with the calcium. Shows effects to level muscle, neuronal, cardiovascular, among others. Its uses in obstetrics include mainly the management of preeclampsia, prevention of eclampsia, and prevention of cerebral palsy in the premature neonate. The magnesium sulphate tocolytic effects even is discussed because the evidence is inconclusive. [RodrÍguez-Hernández PA, Beltrán-Avendaño MA. An approach to the pharmacology of magnesium sulfate from an obstetric perspective. MedUNAB 2016; 19(1): 25-32

In vivo authentication of Iberian pig feeding regime using faecal volatilome information

Nowadays, people are increasingly interested in the food they consume. Authenticity and natural origin are amongst the most valued issues of food products by society. Although various national and international laws have been created for the regulation of labelling and trade of food, unfortunately, they are often not effective in avoiding food product fraud. The Iberian pig and the cured products obtained with this breed have a great international reputation due to their high quality and added value. However, the authentication of these pigs feeding regime is sometimes difficult. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use faecal volatilome information to differentiate the different feeding regimes which determine the final commercial category of Iberian products. Individual faeces samples were sampled on 10 farms from 133 Iberian pigs to evaluate their volatilome through gas chromatography (GC) coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The intensity of GC-IMS plot features were extracted and chemometric tools were employed to develop two different models: one, focused on the discrimination between acorn-fed (completely natural diet grazed) and feed-fed samples, and another one for commercial category classification. Both models were carried out in duplicate, using spectral fingerprint information and a different approach studying specific markers. Good classification rates were obtained in both models: 92,3% and 96,3% were the rates obtained in acorn-fed vs feed-fed model with fingerprint and specific markers information, respectively; and the same classification success was also achieved with both approaches in the second model, focused on commercial category classification. The misclassified samples in both models, which belonged to acorn-fed pigs, may be related to the diet heterogeneity of these animals and the differences in natural resources foraged. The results of the present study highlight GC-IMS as an useful tool to carry out an in vivo authentication of Iberian pig feeding regime and the subsequent commercial category, as well as to avoid labelling fraud. Further studies including larger number of samples are needed in order to obtain more complex models to classify very different samples

Impresora 3D open source desde el desarrollo de producto

This article shows the process of developing a printer by contribution of cast thread based on the QFD methodology (Quality Function Deployment). The design and manufacture of the product are described through the activities of conceptual development, system-level design and detailed design, where each one of them is evaluated and detailed. In the same way, account was taken of the diagram of Mudge, in order to establish the requirements for the design of the printer and its degree of importance. As a result of the process, it was designed a 3D printing machine RepRap type, with enhanced structure to prevent misalignments and vibrations, Likewise pieces were added as a guide for the filament and brackets for electronics and power supply. The printer has complied with the requirements established by the users including its low cost and is operational at the University of Pamplona. It should be noted that the methodology used for the design, has been considered as an aid in decision-making and selection of concepts for the construction.El presente artículo muestra el proceso de desarrollo de una impresora por aporte de hilo fundido basado en la metodología QFD (Quality Function Deployment). El diseño y la manufactura del producto, están descritos a través de las actividades de Desarrollo conceptual, Diseño a nivel de sistemas y Diseño detallado, donde cada una de ellas es evaluada y detallada. De igual manera, se tuvo en cuenta el diagrama de Mudge, con el fin de establecer los requerimientos para el diseño de la impresora y su grado de importancia. Como resultado del proceso, fue diseñada una máquina de impresión 3d tipo RepRap, con una estructura mejorada para evitar desajustes y vibraciones, de igual manera se adicionaron piezas como una guía para el filamento y soportes para la electrónica y fuente de alimentación. La impresora cumplió con los requerimientos establecidos por los usuarios entre ellos su bajo costo y se encuentra operativa en la Universidad de Pamplona. Cabe destacar que la metodología empleada para el diseño, ha sido considerada como una ayudar en la toma de decisiones y selección de conceptos para la construcción

D3.2. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for selection and location of hybrid solutions

This deliverable 3.2 (D3.2) is the second one of the Work Package 3 (WP3) of the D4RUNOFF project. WP3 is divided in four tasks of six months each, with three deliverables in total. In this one, the work done during the third task is summarised in a public document open to comments and suggestions: a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for selection and location of hybrid solutions. This MCDA is mainly proposed for the selection of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) used in urban drainage. The next deliverable (D3.3) will complete the WP3 adding the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methodology with the final aim of selecting the best place for the NBS needed to improve the existing urban drainage conditions, resulting in hybrid systems. The principal objective of the D3.2 is to develop a tool for the prioritization of NBS as alternatives to implement into the existing urban drainage systems, resulting in hybrid systems. Firstly, the D4RUNOFF researchers have reviewed the literature, highlighting the main criteria used for NBS comparison. With this information and the participation of the water utilities involved in the project, together with other partners, the selection of attributes and criteria was done. Four attributes or categories of criteria were defined, three of which are alligned with the pillars of the sustainable development (economy, environment and society) and the fourth represents the current feasibility of the NBS (expertise). Then, the criteria were weighted to finally propose three different methodologies. The first one was the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the results of the survey sent to a selected group of experts was the same as that obtained in an informal consultation conducted on the social media of the project: the environmental criteria are the most important. However, with the objective methodology that was finally proposed, the Entropy Weight Method (EWM), a higher weight was assigned to the economic criteria. The third weighting method gives the option of direct weighting to the decision maker. Afterwards, the definition of the indicators for each criterion was done considering mainly the D4RUNOFF Parametric Library (D3.1) but also other valuable references as the European Natural Water Retention Measures Platform. One of the main limitations of this MCDA is the quality and representativeness of the proposed indicators, that could be discussed and improved. For the final ranking of alternatives, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used, which provided different results depending on the weighting process. As conclusion, the two first positions correspond for both weighting methodologies to Wetlands and Green Roofs. This MCDA can be used openly thanks to the Excel spreadsheet developed for this purpose. From the results of this MCDA it can be stated that NBS can be prioritized according to different criteria, being possible and recommendable to combine them in order to offer a balanced, sustainable and realistic solution.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101060638

Centro de Estudios Hidrológicos : Propuestas en la dársena del Canal de Castilla, Valladolid

Producción CientíficaDurante el curso 2020/2021, en la asignatura de Proyectos VI, se desarrollaron dentro de la programación docente un conjunto de proyectos, que tenían como objetivo la intervención en la zona de la dársena del Canal de Castilla, en Valladolid, caracterizada por una gran multiplicidad de factores. El programa que se planteaba trataba de poner en valor dicho enclave, a través de la creación de un Centro de Estudios Hidrológicos para la Confederación Hidrográfica del Duero. Se trataba de reflexionar sobre el cauce y las zonas adyacentes, con proyectos que albergaran diversos servicios, ahora dispersos por las inmediaciones, además de ordenar los espacios libres e integrarlos en la trama urbana.During the 2020/2021 academic year, in the subject of Projects VI, a set of projects were developed within the teaching program, which aimed to intervene in the area of the Canal de Castilla dock, in Valladolid, characterized by a large multiplicity of factors. The program that was proposed tried to value said enclave, through the creation of a Center for Hydrological Studies for the Duero Hydrographic Confederation. It was a matter of reflecting on the riverbed and the adjacent areas, with projects that housed various services, now scattered around the vicinity, in addition to ordering the free spaces and integrating them into the urban plot.Departamento de Teoría de la Arquitectura y Proyectos ArquitectónicosZaparaín Hernández, F.; Rodríguez Andrés, J.; Paniagua García, A.; Ruiz Íñigo, M.; Fernández Catalina, M.; Llamazares Blanco, P. (coords.). Rodríguez Andrés, J.; Fernández Catalina, M.; Llamazares Blanco, P. (diseño gráfico y maquetación). Rodríguez Andrés, J.; Llamazares Blanco, P. (diseño de la colección

ECG study in practical labs for biomedical engineering training

Non-invasive biomedical measurements are one of the most important technological contributions whitin the biomedical engineering field. On this paper, a dual laboratory session student oriented is designed to simulate and implement a cardial signal monitor. During the first session, ORCAD PSpice software is used to simulate the whole process. The students can acquire knowledge on the process by configuring and running both the instrumentation amplifier and a passive filter to improve the signal quality. The second session requires from the student basic laboratory skills to use a specific printed circuit board (PCB) to measure its very own cardiac potential. As a result, from this session, the student can visualize the ECG signal acquired directly on the laboratory oscilloscope

Effect of Enerplant® doses on the development and nutrient use by cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the application of doses of a biostimulant on the development, absorption and efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium utilization by cocoa seedlings. Design / methodology / approach. In a completely randomized design, 4 doses of Enerplant® (0; 1; 2; 3 and 4 mL ha-1.) applied to cocoa seedlings grown under saran mesh were studied. The biostimulant was applied monthly via foliar. To determine the absorption of nutrients, 3 plants of each treatment were divided into leaves, stems and roots, dried for 72 hours at 65 ° C; they were ground, packaged, labeled, and sent to the laboratory, where the macronutrients of each component were determined. Results. The cocoa seedlings responded positively to the application of the biostimulant. As an average of the two years of study, Enerplant® in doses of 1 mL ha-1 significantly increased height (24%), dry mass (30%); the quality index (58%) and the foliar area (56%) of the cocoa seedlings. Doses higher than 1 - 2 mL ha-1 decreased plant growth. The pattern of nutrient absorption by cocoa in the nursery phase behaved in the order potassium> nitrogen> phosphorus Conclusions. The efficiency of nutrient utilization, regardless of the Enerplant® dose applied, was higher for phosphorus followed by nitrogen and finally potassium The application of the biostimulant in doses of 2 ml ha-1 guaranteed the highest absorption and efficiency values of utilization of macronutrients by cocoa seedlingsObjective: To evaluate the effect of the application of biostimulant doses on the development, absorption, and use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by cacao seedlings. Design/Methodology/Approach: Five doses of Enerplant® (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mL ha-1) were applied to cacao seedlings grown under a saran mesh. The study was carried out using a completely randomized design. The foliar area received a monthly application of the biostimulant. In order to determine the nutrient absorption, 3 plants per treatment were divided into leaves, stems, and roots; they were subsequently dried for 72 h at 65 °C. Finally, they were ground, packaged, labeled, and sent to the laboratory, where the macronutrients of each component were analyzed. Results: The cacao seedlings had a positive response to the biostimulant application. In average, the results of our two-year study were: 1 mL ha-1 doses of Enerplant® significantly increased height (24%), dry mass (30%), quality index (58%), and foliar area (56%) of the cacao seedlings. Doses higher than 1- and 2-mL ha-1 decreased plant growth. The nutrient absorption by cacao in the nursery stage followed the following pattern: K > N > P. Findings/Conclusions: The efficiency of nutrient use —regardless of the Enerplant® dose applied— was higher for P, followed by N and, finally, K. Applying 2 mL ha-1 doses of the biostimulant guaranteed the highest absorption and use efficiency values of macronutrients by cacao seedlings