La violencia machista en el cine. De la revisión videométrica a la intervención psicosocial

El poder socializador de los medios de comunicación es indudable porque contribuyen a generar la identidad social y personal e influyen en los valores y comportamientos de las personas. El campo de la violencia de género no es una excepción a esta influencia. Los medios pueden contribuir a promover tanto la desigualdad y la violencia como lo contrario, servir para promover la igualdad y comportamientos justos. Dentro de los medios queremos hacer una mención especial al cine. En este trabajo se analizan diferentes formas en las que la violencia de género se presenta en las películas aplicando el estudio de casos como metodología. El objetivo general es presentar las películas como una herramienta útil tanto para concienciar sobre la violencia de género como para la intervención social en el campo de la igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres

Integrating phylogeographic patterns of microsatellite and mtDNA divergence to infer the evolutionary history of chamois (genus Rupicapra)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The chamois, distributed over most of the medium to high altitude mountain ranges of southern Eurasia, provides an excellent model for exploring the effects of historical and evolutionary events on diversification. Populations have been grouped into two species, <it>Rupicapra pyrenaica </it>from southwestern Europe and <it>R. rupicapra </it>from eastern Europe. However, a previous study of cytochrome b revealed that the two proposed species were non-monophyletic. The reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships between animal species often depends on the markers studied. To further elucidate the evolutionary history of chamois, we extended earlier studies by analysing DNA sequences of four mitochondrial regions (ND1, 12S, tRNApro and Control Region) and microsatellites (20 loci) to include all subspecies and cover its entire distribution range.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found discordant microsatellite (μsat) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA phylogenies. Mitochondrial phylogenies form three clades, West, Central and East (mtW, mtC and mtE), at variance with taxonomic classification. Our divergence age estimates indicate an initial separation into branches mtW-mtC and mtE 1.7 million years ago (mya), in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene, quickly followed by the split of clades mtW and mtC. Clade mtW contains haplotypes from the Iberian peninsula and the western Alps, Clade mtC includes haplotypes from the Apennines and the Massif of Chartreuse and Clade mtE comprises populations to the east of the Alps. Divergence among populations within these three major clades is recent (< 0.5 mya). New microsatellite multilocus genotypes added to previously published data revealed differences between every pair of subspecies, forming three well defined groups (μsatW, μsatC and μsatE) also with a strong geographic signature. Grouping does not correspond with the mitochondrial lineages but is closer to morphology and taxonomic classification. Recent drastic reductions in population size can be noted for the subspecies <it>ornata </it>as an extremely low diversity.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The phylogeographic patterns for mtDNA and microsatellites suggest an evolutionary history with limited range contractions and expansions during the Quaternary period and reflect a major effect of the Alpine barrier on west-east differentiation. The contrasting phylogenies for mtDNA and microsatellites indicate events of hybridization among highly divergent lineages in the central area of distribution. Our study points to the importance of reticulate evolution, with periods of isolation and reduction of population size followed by expansions and hybridizations, in the diversification at the level of close species or subspecies.</p

Flipyflux como herramienta terapéutica

Esta guía contiene 19 vídeos explicativos y tiene como objetivo darte ideas de aplicaciones y ejercicios prácticos, que te muestren la versatilidad de esta herramienta, y detalla los numerosos enfoques y objetivos terapéuticos que en las disciplinas de Terapia Ocupacional y Fisioterapia puedes abordar a través de ella. La intención final es despertar tu imaginación y creatividad, para que tomes consciencia de la gran capacidad de adaptación de FlipyFlux. Queremos que lo hagas tuyo, que descubras como tú puedes sacarle el mayor partido según tus necesidades, tus circunstancias y tus objetivos.This guide contains 19 how-to videos and aims to give you ideas of applications and practical exercises that show you the versatility of this tool, and details the approaches, approaches and therapeutic objectives that in the disciplines of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy you can approach through it. The final intention is to awaken your imagination and creativity, so that you become aware of FlipyFlux's great adaptability. We want you to make it yours, that discover how you can get the most out of it according to your needs, your circumstances and your goals.peerReviewe

Biomass valorization by using a sequence of acid hydrolysis and pyrolysis processes. Application to Leucaena leucocephala

Among main ways to provide an environmentally friendly energy and platform chemicals are the lignocellulosic conversion processes. The proper execution of this way will depend on the correct selection of lignocellulosic materials. A compelling plant is Leucaena leucocephala because its great variety of uses, its high biomass production and its leguminous nature. In this study, acid hydrolysis (130-170°C and 0.5-2% H2SO4, to extract valuable hemicelluloses) as pretreatment and pyrolysis of the solid residue (to get a gaseous fuel) as treatment have been used in its valorization. A laboratory-scale reactor was used for the pyrolysis experiments (550ºC, N2) for both Leucaena leucocephala, as raw material, and the solid residues after hydrolysis process and raw material. The amounts of CO, CO2 and H2 found in the raw material are similar to those found in the solids obtained after the different studied hydrolysis conditions. Moreover, the thermal behavior of studied solids has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 ºC min-1). Activation energy for all samples has been obtained by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The optimum value, in which a high relationship between recoverable hemicelluloses fraction and H2 concentration is found, under medium hydrolysis temperature (150ºC) has been obtained and was independent of the amount of acid added to the hydrolysis process

Integral valorization of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus) under thermochemical processes

The generation of compounds derived from lignocellulosic biomass fractionation has a boost in recent years. An interesting plant could be tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus) due to its high biomass production and its leguminous nature. A sequence of acid hydrolysis, as pretreatment, and pyrolysis of the solid residue, as treatment, has been used in its valorization. An experimental design (H2SO4 acid concentration 0.5–2%, temperature 130–170 °C, and time 30– 60 min) has been used to study the hydrolysis process. In the proposed acid hydrolysis process, under 170 °C as operational temperature, 0.5% of H2SO4 and 30 min for the operation time, 91.75% of the initial xylose have been extracted. The thermal behavior of both tagasaste trunks-large branches and some solid residues after hydrolysis (furthest and center points in the experimental design) process and raw material have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min−1). The thermal degradation of the studied materials is influenced by its initial composition. Then, the higher reactivity of hemicelluloses can accelerate the pyrolysis degradation reaction. However, higher cellulose content implies lower activation energy in pyrolysis process