An evaluation of nutritional practice in a paediatric burns unit

Introduction. Burn injuries evoke a systemic metabolic response with profound effects on organ function, susceptibility to infection

The hospital costs associated with acute paediatric burn injuries

__Background__ Ongoing rationing of healthcare threatens services that are well established, and cripples others that desperately require investment. Burn, for one, remains a neglected epidemic in South Africa (SA), despite the magnitude of the problem. __Objective__ To identify the prominent components contributing to the cost of hospital admission with paediatric burn injury. Determining the true costs of specialist services is important, so that resources can be allocated appropriately to achieve the greatest possible impact. __Methods__ A retrospective study was undertaken over 1 year to determine patient demographics and injury details of 987 patients admitted with burn injuries to Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, SA. The in-hospital financial records of 80 randomly selected patients were examined. This was followed by a prospective study to determine the financial implications of four cost drivers, i.e. bed cost per day, costs of medications received, costs of dressings for wound care, and costs of surgical intervention. A random selection of 37 dressing changes (in 31 p

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

Antiviral drug susceptibility of human herpesvirus 8

We studied the susceptibility of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) to a number of antiherpesvirus agents. The acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (ANP) analogs cidofovir and HPMPA [(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine] effected potent inhibition of HHV-8 DNA synthesis, with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 6.3 and 0.6 mu M, respectively. Adefovir, an ANP with both antiretrovirus and antiherpesvirus activity, blocked HHV-8 DNA replication at a fourfold-lower concentration than did foscarnet (EC50 of 39 and 177 mu M, respectively). The most potent inhibitory effect was obtained with the N-7-substituted nucleoside analog S2242 (EC50, 0.11 mu M). The nucleoside analogs acyclovir, penciclovir, H2G {(R)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl) butyl]guanine}, and brivudine had weak to moderate effects (EC50 of greater than or equal to 75, 43, 42, and 24 mu M, respectively, and EC90 of greater than or equal to 75 mu M), whereas ganciclovir elicited pronounced anti-HHV-8 activity (EC50, 8.9 mu M)