The oil industry in a burning world: how can unitilization shape the oil industry to mitigate climate change?

Countries and companies likewise ought to take ever more bolder actions due to the aggravation of climate change impacts. Taking this into consideration, the international community and its actors have been seeking commitments to renew climate actions and fulfill the transition to a sustainable society. The need to take actions to mitigate and to adapt to climate change impacts, and hence promoting justice, encompasses all human activities. As such, energy production takes a special place in the green transition. It massively contributes to human-driven climate change through high GHG emissions. Nevertheless, it still lacks international binding rules, comprehensive governance and innovative policies. Indeed, before full-fledge transition, international climate bodies recognize the urgency of short-term solutions. Thus, practices that enhance energy efficiency become much needed climate actions. Unititzation presents itself as a widespread practice in national jurisdictions. However, it is not properly implemented in many countries and does not encompass international oil fields. Considering the commitments undertaken, the costumes and rules in regard to climate, one must reach the conclusion that unitization has become mandatory practice in oil extraction, production and transportation in order to reduce waste and improve energy efficiency. States’ duties do not end in cooperation, common procedures and rules must accompany the development of joint oil and gas reserves.Countries and companies likewise ought to take ever more bolder actions due to the aggravation of climate change impacts. Taking this into consideration, the international community and its actors have been seeking commitments to renew climate actions and fulfill the transition to a sustainable society. The need to take actions to mitigate and to adapt to climate change impacts, and hence promoting justice, encompasses all human activities. As such, energy production takes a special place in the green transition. It massively contributes to human-driven climate change through high GHG emissions. Nevertheless, it still lacks international binding rules, comprehensive governance and innovative policies. Indeed, before full-fledge transition, international climate bodies recognize the urgency of short-term solutions. Thus, practices that enhance energy efficiency become much needed climate actions. Unititzation presents itself as a widespread practice in national jurisdictions. However, it is not properly implemented in many countries and does not encompass international oil fields. Considering the commitments undertaken, the costumes and rules in regard to climate, one must reach the conclusion that unitization has become mandatory practice in oil extraction, production and transportation in order to reduce waste and improve energy efficiency. States’ duties do not end in cooperation, common procedures and rules must accompany the development of joint oil and gas reserves.A transição para uma sociedade sustentável exige novos compromissos e ações mais efetivas por parte da comunidade internacional e de seus atores, países e empresas. O agravamento dos impactos das mudanças climáticas reforça a necessidade de ações de mitigação e adaptação para em todas atividades humanas para a promoção da justiça. Neste contexto, a produção energética ocupa uma posição central, pois trata-se de um grande contribuinte para a mudança climática por meio da emissão de gases de efeito estufa. Sem embargo, há uma ausência de regras internacionais compulsórias, uma lacuna de governança global climática e de políticas inovadoras. Antes, porém, de uma transição completa para uma economia verde, faz-se necessária a adoção de medidas de curto prazo. Práticas que promovam a eficiência energética, tal qual a unitização, apresentam-se como essa solução. Por mais que esteja prevista em diversas jurisdições, não é devidamente implementada e não abrange propriamente as reservas internacionais de petróleo e gás. Considerando os compromissos climáticos internacionais, os costumes e práticas, bem como o desenvolvimento do tema ambiental, há de concluir-se pela obrigatoriedade da adoção da unitização. Dentro do ciclo do petróleo e do gás, a prática reduz a perda energética e o lixo no processo de extração e transporte do material. A obrigação dos Estados de fato não termina no dever de cooperação. Procedimentos e regras comuns devem acompanhar a exploração conjunta de reservas transfronteiriças

Quantifying Complementarity among Strategies for Influencers’ Detection on Twitter1

AbstractThe so-called influencer, a person with the ability to persuade people, have important role on the information diffusion in social media environments. Indeed, influencers might dictate word- of-mouth and peer recommendation, impacting tasks such as recommendation, advertising, brand evaluation, among others. Thus, a growing number of works aim to identify influencers by exploiting distinct information. Deciding about the best strategy for each domain, however, is a complex task due to the lack of consensus among these works. This paper presents a quantitative study of analysis among some of the main strategies for identifying influencers, aiming to help researchers on this decision. Besides determining semantic classes of strategies, based on the characteristics they exploit, we obtained through PCA an effective meta-learning process to combine linearly distinct strategies. As main implications, we highlight a better understanding about the selected strategies and a novel manner to alleviate the difficulty on deciding which strategy researchers would adopt

Estudo material das esculturas em gesso de Soares dos Reis

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efeitos da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade na evolução da cicatrização de lesões em humanos: a contribuição dos estudos experimentais in vitro e in vivo

Low-level laser therapy is an important method for the treatment of healing processes, and several experimental studies have been carried out in search of a greater understanding of its therapeutic possibilities. The objective of this study was to review pathogenetic aspects of soft tissue repair to better understand skin lesion healing and the role of low-intensity laser in the progression of tissue healing. This study consists of a concise review of scientific literature data on the use of low-level laser and its influence on wound healing. Many studies have extensively covered the effects of using laser radiation in tissues, describing its beneficial aspects in tissue healing. However, many unanswered questions demand research on the mechanism of action and on parameters of low-level laser use in different stages of wound repair to clarify how this method acts at a cell level in healing processes.Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaUniversidade Federal FluminenseUFJF Centro de Biologia da Reprodução Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental PathologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

A EXPANSÃO DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DIREITO NO BRASIL (1998-2017): AVANÇO QUANTITATIVO E PERSISTÊNCIAS METODOLÓGICAS

The aim of the article is to describe quantitative and qualitative aspects of the expansion of stricto sensu graduate programs in law in the last two decades (1998-2017). For this, we built an original database with public data of the programs in the area contained in the Sucupira platform and GeoCAPES. The analysis of the data reveals that the area of Law had a substantial growth both from the quantitative point of view (expansion in the number of students, teachers, courses and publications) and qualitative (formation of staff of methodologically oriented researchers). In addition, the expansion movement was accompanied by a thematic diversification of studies, configuring increasingly multidisciplinary programs. To a large extent, such growth is associated with incentives provided by Capes' regulatory activity. However, apparently, this increase was not accompanied by greater rigor in the methods of analysis (quantitative or qualitative) for the development of research in the field of Law, which may explain the low reproducibility and little impact of the research carried out in the area.El propósito del artículo es describir los aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos de la expansión de los dos programas de posgrado stricto sensu en Derecho en las dos últimas décadas (1998 – 2017). Para eso, se construyó una base de datos públicos de los programas de área existentes en la plataforma Sucupira y en GeoCAPES. Un análisis de los datos revela un área de dirección directa de crecimiento sustancial tanto desde el punto de vista cuantitativo (expansión del número de estudiantes, profesores, cursos y publicaciones) como del cualitativo (formación de cuadros de investigadores metodologicamente orientados). Aún, el movimiento de expansión para una compañía de diversificación temática de estudios, configuración de programas más multidisciplinares. En gran parte, el crecimiento se asoció a incentivos proporcionados por la autoridade reguladora de CAPES. Por ejemplo, aparentemente, el aumento no fue seguido por un mayor rigor en los métodos de análisis (cuantitativos o cualitativos) para el desarrollo de la investigación en el área del Derecho, lo que puede explicar la baja reproductibilidad y el escaso impacto de las investigaciones realizadas en la temática.O objetivo do artigo é descrever aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos da expansão dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Direito nas últimas duas décadas (1998-2017). Para isso construímos um banco de dados original com dados públicos dos programas da área contidos na plataforma Sucupira e no GeoCAPES. A análise dos dados revela que a área do Direito teve um crescimento substantivo tanto do ponto de vista quantitativo (expansão no número de discentes, docente, cursos e publicações) quanto qualitativo (formação de quadros de pesquisadores metodologicamente orientados). Além disso, o movimento de expansão foi acompanhado de uma diversificação temática de estudos, configurando programas cada vez mais multidisciplinares. Em grande medida, tal crescimento está associado a incentivos proporcionados pela atividade regulatória da Capes. Porém, aparentemente, esse aumento não veio acompanhado de um maior rigor nos métodos de análise (quantitativos ou qualitativos) para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área do Direito, o que pode explicar a pouca reprodutibilidade e pouco impacto das pesquisas elaboradas na área

Chemistry of volcanic soils used for agriculture in Brava Island (Cape Verde) envisaging a sustainable management

In order to acquire a better knowledge of iron forms, clay minerals and the content and distribution of trace elements in soils mostly used for agriculture in the semi-arid Brava Island (Cape Verde), iron speciation, mineralogy and chemical contents in the clay-size fraction (<2 μm) of incipient soils developed on sediments and phonolitic pyroclasts was performed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and neutron activation analysis. In contrast with the whole samples in the clay-size fraction of all the studied soils only Fe(III) was detected. Iron and chromium are depleted suggesting their occurrence as ferromagnesian and oxide minerals present in coarser particles. Rare earth elements are concentrated in the clay-size fraction, and significant differences are found in their distribution which may be partially due to oxidation, since Ce anomalies were observed. Among the other chemical elements studied, high concentrations of arsenic, bromine, and particularly antimony were found in the clay-size fraction of soils where all the Fe oxides are nano-sized, confirming the predominant adsorption of these elements on the nano-particles surface. The existence of significant amounts of these elements as well as of vitreous phases in fine particles of these soils may contribute to their mobility and accumulation in groundwater and in plants, both by absorption and by dust deposition onto the plant leaves.publishe

Princípio da igualdade: uma análise da capacidade contributiva no Brasil como critério de justiça tributária

O presente artigo analisar o princípio da capacidade contributiva no Brasil como critério de justiça tributária. Inicialmente, será examinado o conceito e a origem da capacidade contributiva e também serão feitos apontamentos de cunho terminológicos. Na segunda seção, será trabalhada a capacidade contributiva no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, desde a evolução de sua positivação na experiência constitucional nacional até alguns julgados brasileiros responsáveis por concretizá-la no sistema tributário pátrio. Por fim, na última seção, a capacidade contributiva será examinada como um importante critério de justiça tributária. A pesquisa utilizou como fontes a bibliografia nacional e internacional. A pesquisa teve um viés explicativo

Usefulness of microvolt T-wave alternans for predicting outcome in patients with Chagas disease with implantable cardioverter defibrillators

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Prevalence and risk of potentially adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute alcohol poisoning

O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir o perfil de intoxicação alcoólica aguda e estimar o risco de interações medicamentosas adversas (IMAs) potenciais em pacientes com intoxicação alcoólica atendidos na emergência hospitalar. Um estudo descritivo, serial, de corte transversal foi realizado com 4.271 indivíduos com intoxicação alcoólica, de janeiro 2009 a julho 2011. Correlações foram medidas pelo teste qui-quadrado. Os dados mostram alto consumo na população estudada, especialmente em homens de 25 a 59 anos. A principal circunstância de intoxicação foi o abuso (96,3%). Após tratamento, cura foi observada em 96,88% dos casos e morte em 0,7%. O risco de IMAs potenciais no atendimento médico incluiu 300 prontuários médicos com histórico de intoxicação alcoólica aguda. Possíveis interações medicamentosas (44,2%) e interações fármaco-álcool (55,8%) foram observadas em 60,6% dos prontuários analisados. Entre elas, 3%, 92,4% e 4,6% foram classificadas como leve, moderada e grave, respectivamente. A medição das IMAs visa a prevenir complicações clínicas no atendimento dos agravos devido ao abuso de álcool.The aim of this paper is to determine the profile of acute alcohol poisoning and to estimate the risk of potentially adverse drug interactions (ADIs) in patients intoxicated by alcohol when attended in emergency care at hospital. A descriptive serial cross-sectional study was performed with 4,271 individuals intoxicated by alcohol, from January 2009 to July 2011. Possible correlations were measured by Pearson's chi-square test. The data show high consumption in the population, especially in males between 25 and 59 years. The main circumstances for poisoning were alcohol misuse (96.3%). After treatment complete recovery from the signs or symptoms of the poisoning was observed in 96.88% cases; and death in 0.70%. The demonstration of potential risk for ADIs in medical care included 300 medical records which contained a history of acute alcohol poisoning. Possible drug-drug interactions (44.2%) and drug-alcohol interactions (55.8%) were demonstrated in 60.60% of analyzed medical records. Among these cases, 3%, 92.4% and 4.6% were classified as mild, moderate and severe, respectively. The measurement of ADIs aims to prevent clinical complications in medical care for alcohol misuse disorders