Spatiotemporal Barcodes for Image Sequence Analysis

Taking as input a time-varying sequence of two-dimensional (2D) binary images, we develop an algorithm for computing a spatiotemporal 0–barcode encoding lifetime of connected components on the image sequence over time. This information may not coincide with the one provided by the 0–barcode encoding the 0–persistent homology, since the latter does not respect the principle that it is not possible to move backwards in time. A cell complex K is computed from the given sequence, being the cells of K classified as spatial or temporal depending on whether they connect two consecutive frames or not. A spatiotemporal path is defined as a sequence of edges of K forming a path such that two edges of the path cannot connect the same two consecutive frames. In our algorithm, for each vertex v ∈ K, a spatiotemporal path from v to the “oldest” spatiotemporally-connected vertex is computed and the corresponding spatiotemporal 0–bar is added to the spatiotemporal 0–barcode.Junta de Andalucía FQM-369Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MTM2012-3270

Encoding Specific 3D Polyhedral Complexes Using 3D Binary Images

We build upon the work developed in [4] in which we presented a method to “locally repair” the cubical complex Q(I) associated to a 3D binary image I, to obtain a “well-composed” polyhedral complex P(I), homotopy equivalent to Q(I). There, we developed a new codification system for P(I), called ExtendedCubeMap (ECM) representation, that encodes: (1) the (geometric) information of the cells of P(I) (i.e., which cells are presented and where), under the form of a 3D grayscale image gP ; (2) the boundary face relations between the cells of P(I), under the form of a set BP of structuring elements. In this paper, we simplify ECM representations, proving that geometric and topological information of cells can be encoded using just a 3D binary image, without the need of using colors or sets of structuring elements. We also outline a possible application in which well-composed polyhedral complexes can be useful.Junta de Andalucía FQM-369Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MTM2012-32706Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MTM2015-67072-

Efficiently Storing Well-Composed Polyhedral Complexes Computed Over 3D Binary Images

A 3D binary image I can be naturally represented by a combinatorial-algebraic structure called cubical complex and denoted by Q(I ), whose basic building blocks are vertices, edges, square faces and cubes. In Gonzalez-Diaz et al. (Discret Appl Math 183:59–77, 2015), we presented a method to “locally repair” Q(I ) to obtain a polyhedral complex P(I ) (whose basic building blocks are vertices, edges, specific polygons and polyhedra), homotopy equivalent to Q(I ), satisfying that its boundary surface is a 2D manifold. P(I ) is called a well-composed polyhedral complex over the picture I . Besides, we developed a new codification system for P(I ), encoding geometric information of the cells of P(I ) under the form of a 3D grayscale image, and the boundary face relations of the cells of P(I ) under the form of a set of structuring elements. In this paper, we build upon (Gonzalez-Diaz et al. 2015) and prove that, to retrieve topological and geometric information of P(I ), it is enough to store just one 3D point per polyhedron and hence neither grayscale image nor set of structuring elements are needed. From this “minimal” codification of P(I ), we finally present a method to compute the 2-cells in the boundary surface of P(I ).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MTM2015-67072-

Los policy frames de la inclusión digital de las mujeres en las políticas públicas españolas de la sociedad de la información

La Digital Agende for Europe tiene como propósito principal trazar un plan que materialice el potencial del futuro digital en Europa. Al amparo de las directrices de la Unión Europea, España aprueba en el 2013 su proyecto en materia de políticas públicas en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, condensado en La Agenda Digital para España. Con ella se abren importantes oportunidades en el avance hacia una sociedad más incluyente y equitativa. Pero, en su anverso, ésta vertiginosa permeabilidad digital no deja de estar exenta de fracturas que alertan ante este nuevo panorama: brechas digitales discriminatorias que afectan a colectivos y ciudadanos. Las mujeres somos protagonistas de muchas de estas iniciativas, pero también población objeto de las mismas. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es indagar en la concepción sobre la inclusión digital que tienen los Planes Estratégicos relacionados con la Sociedad de la Información (SI) en España y explorar el papel que juegan en la configuración y priorización de acciones políticas especialmente enfocadas a las mujeres. Esta investigación sigue una metodología mixta, siguiendo un análisis de contenido de tipo cuantitativo y un enfoque fenomenográfico para la interpretación de las concepciones de la inclusión digital. Forman parte de la muestra de análisis un total de 9 Planes estratégicos, 5 Autonómicos y 4 Nacionales. Se efectúa un análisis de contenido de los diferentes planes estratégicos empleando un procedimiento ―Word cruncher‖ a través del programa Atlas-ti (v. 6.2). Asimismo, se emplea la herramienta ―object crawler‖ para el rastreo de palabras específicas de interés para el estudio. Por último, se utiliza la herramienta de ―networks‖ para elaborar redes semánticas que permitan establecer una comparativa entre la terminología empleada en los planes nacionales y autonómicos. El análisis de contenido de los diferentes planes estratégicos muestra una amplia diversidad de sets terminológicos en cada región autonómica estudiada. Los resultados obtenidos permiten trazar un mapa terminológico por comunidad autónoma que ilustra tanto la interpretación que dan a la Agenda Digital para España como la orientación prioritaria de las acciones políticas que plantean, denotando núcleos de especial relevancia e interés para cada región. Las principales aportaciones de este trabajo resultan útiles para la toma de decisiones y elaboración de las políticas en materia de inclusión digita

Marketing experiencial: desde el neuromarketing

El marketing experiencial se basa en la creación de experiencias con ayuda de los sentidos y las emociones vividas por un consumidor, es una nueva manera de llegar al público, de forma innovadora dejando atrás a la publicidad convencional. Esta es una tendencia del marketing, que se ha llevado a cabo, entre otras cosas gracias a las investigaciones realizadas con el neuromarketing. Con la ayuda del neuromarketing se ha conseguido entender un poco más la mente del consumidor, se puede saber que emociona más a consumidor y qué reacciones le provocan determinadas cosas. Los cambios que se están produciendo en el marketing se deben al desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías y con ello, su gran implicación en la vida de las personas y esto ha llevado a la creación de nuevos modelos de negocio para poder atraer a los consumidores de una manera diferente e innovadora. Ya que los medios tradicionales, ya no sorprenden al público, el consumidor esta abrumado con tanta publicidad por todas partes, que lo único que consigue es aburrir. De manera que a raíz de esto, el marketing se renueva, atrayendo al consumidor provocándole sentimientos y emociones que consigan crear una experiencia memorable y directa, para así conseguir fidelizar al consumidor con una marca.Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Recommendations and Breast Cancer in the SUN Project

A proportion of breast cancer cases are attributable to combined modifiable risk factors. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) has recently updated the recommendations for cancer prevention and a standard scoring system has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between compliance with the 2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations (Third Expert Report) and the risk of breast cancer in the SUN (“Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra”) prospective cohort. Spanish female university graduates, initially free of breast cancer, were included (n = 10,930). An 8-item score to measure compliance to the recommendations was built: body fat, physical activity, consumption of wholegrains/vegetables/fruit/beans, “fast foods”, red/processed meat consumption, sugar-sweetened drinks consumption, alcohol intake, and breastfeeding. A stratified analysis was conducted according to menopausal status. A non-significant inverse association was observed for overall breast cancer. The inverse association became statistically significant for post-menopausal breast cancer after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio for > 5 vs. ≤ 3 points = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08-0.93). The results suggested that the possible inverse association with breast cancer was attributable to the combined effects of the different nutritional and lifestyle components.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI10/02658 PI10/02293 PI13/00615 PI14/01668 PI14/01798 PI14/01764 PI17/01795 G03/140European Union (EU) RD 06/0045European Union (EU) PI10/02658 PI10/02293 PI13/00615 PI14/01668 PI14/01798 PI14/01764 PI17/01795 G03/140Navarra Regional Government 45/2011 122/2014 41/2016University of Navarr

Ejaculation Frequency and Prostate Cancer: CAPLIFE Study

Purpose To evaluate the association between ejaculation frequency (EF) during four stages of life and prostate cancer (PCa) according to tumor aggressiveness, PCa stage, and urinary symptomatology. Materials and Methods A total of 456 incident PCa cases histologically confirmed, and 427 controls aged 40–80 years from the CAPLIFE study were analyzed. This study is a population-based case-control study carried out in the south of Spain. Average EF was measured for: (1) 20s, (2) 30s, (3) 40s, and (4) one year before the interview. EF was categorized into: (1) 0–3, (2) 4, and (3) >4 ejaculations/month. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical information were also collected. To estimate the association between EF and PCa, adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs were calculated by logistic regression models. Results A year before the interview, PCa cases ejaculated less frequently than the controls. An inverse association was observed between the EF a year before and PCa, aOR=1.64 (95% CI 1.03–2.61) for men with 4 ejaculations/month, and aOR=2.38 (95% CI 1.57–3.60) for men with 0–3 ejaculations/month, compared to men with >4. The association was higher for cases with ISUP 3–5 (aOR=2.76 [95% CI 1.34–5.67] for men with 0–3 ejaculations/month) or with a locally advanced-metastatic tumor (aOR=4.70 [95% CI 1.55–14.29]). Moreover, men with moderate urinary symptoms and 0–3 ejaculations/month had the highest risk, aOR=3.83 (95% CI 1.84–7.95). Conclusions A low EF could be associated with a higher risk of PCa, especially for cases with ISUP 3–5 or with a locally advanced-metastatic tumor.Regional Ministry of Health and Families of Andalusia/Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía (PI-0514-2016)

Evaluación de e-learning: indicadores de calidad desde el enfoque sociocultural

El objetivo del artículo es presentar criterios e indicadores de calidad para la evaluación del e-learning, fundamentados en el enfoque sociocultural, para su aplicación a programas de formación del profesorado en Tecnologías de la Informacióny la Comunicación. En primer lugar se ofrece una panorámica general sobre los principales enfoques evaluativos orientados a determinar la calidad de la formación virtual, o e-learning. En segundo término se presentan algunos constructos del enfoque sociocultural relevantes para la evaluación de los aprendizajes de la formación on-line. Y por último se muestra la derivación de estos constructos socioculturales a la creación de instrumentos evaluativos e indicadores de calidad de la formación en el aprendizaje (e-learning)

Well-Composed Cell Complexes

Well-composed 3D digital images, which are 3D binary digital images whose boundary surface is made up by 2D manifolds, enjoy important topological and geometric properties that turn out to be advantageous for some applications. In this paper, we present a method to transform the cubical complex associated to a 3D binary digital image (which is not generally a well-composed image) into a cell complex that is homotopy equivalent to the first one and whose boundary surface is composed by 2D manifolds. This way, the new representation of the digital image can benefit from the application of algorithms that are developed over surfaces embedded in ℝ3

Topological tracking of connected components in image sequences

Persistent homology provides information about the lifetime of homology classes along a filtration of cell complexes. Persistence barcode is a graphi- cal representation of such information. A filtration might be determined by time in a set of spatiotemporal data, but classical methods for computing persistent homology do not respect the fact that we can not move back- wards in time. In this paper, taking as input a time-varying sequence of two-dimensional (2D) binary digital images, we develop an algorithm for en- coding, in the so-called spatiotemporal barcode, lifetime of connected compo- nents (of either the foreground or background) that are moving in the image sequence over time (this information may not coincide with the one provided by the persistence barcode). This way, given a connected component at a specific time in the sequence, we can track the component backwards in time until the moment it was born, by what we call a spatiotemporal path. The main contribution of this paper with respect to our previous works lies in a new algorithm that computes spatiotemporal paths directly, valid for both foreground and background and developed in a general context, setting the ground for a future extension for tracking higher dimensional topological features in nD binary digital image sequences.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad MTM2015-67072-