Explorando os efeitos da exposição às telas eletrônicas no desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional de crianças até 12 anos: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Introdução: A crescente presença de dispositivos eletrônicos na vida cotidiana de crianças levanta preocupações sobre os impactos no desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional. Telas, variando de smartphones a tablets, tornaram-se ubíquas, gerando a necessidade de uma análise crítica de seus efeitos. Objetivo: Esta revisão visa aprofundar a compreensão dos efeitos da exposição às telas no desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional de crianças até 12 anos. Objetivos específicos incluem a avaliação crítica da literatura existente, identificação de padrões de resultados e preenchimento de lacunas no conhecimento atual. Metodologia: Utilizando as bases de dados BVS, PubMed e Cochrane, foram aplicados critérios rigorosos de seleção, resultando na análise de 58 estudos relevantes seguindo o protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: A relação complexa entre tempo de tela e desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil foi destacada, evidenciando tanto benefícios quanto malefícios. A diversidade metodológica dos estudos ressalta a necessidade de interpretação cautelosa. Discussão: Os resultados indicam a importância de abordagens equilibradas, considerando qualidade e quantidade de exposição à tela. Estratégias educacionais eficazes, interação face a face e conscientização dos pais emergem como elementos cruciais. Conclusão: Esta revisão fornece insights valiosos, enfatizando a necessidade contínua de pesquisa e a implementação de descobertas para orientar políticas e práticas que promovam um desenvolvimento infantil saudável em um mundo cada vez mais digital

Gonçalo Ramires leitor de Alexandre Herculano: cânone e conflito

Gonçalo Ramires, protagonista do romance “A Ilustre Casa de Ramires” é leitor de Herculano. Consagrado já em vida, ainda hoje este escritor é considerado o maior nome do Romantismo Histórico em Portugal.  Eça de Queirós usa de sua personagem para criticar ironicamente aquele autor e realizar, assim, uma disputa por poder dentro do campo literário lusitano da segunda metade do século XIX. Como demonstra Bourdieu, as posições de poder dentro do campo artístico são estabelecidas em meio a diversos conflitos e a disputa entre vanguarda e artistas consagrados talvez seja o principal dentre eles. A partir de uma análise deste caso, pretende-se aqui discutir o conceito de cânone e perceber como ele é trabalhado ficcionalmente por Eça de Queirós, também canônico

A study of neural networks for natural language processing

L’idée initiale de ce travail de recherche était de fournir aux professeurs, que ce soit de hautes écoles ou non, un outil qui leur permettrait de pouvoir corriger automatiquement les examens de leurs étudiants. Pour cela, le prototype aurait besoin d’une liste des questions, d’une liste des réponses justes et des copies des étudiants. Pour pouvoir mettre une idée pareille en pratique, nous avions comme idée d’utiliser un réseau de neurones artificiels sans que je n’y connaisse rien, hormis le nom. Ce travail va donc être découpé en deux parties : - Recherche, compréhension et choix - Prototypage et synthèse Ainsi, ce travail a donc pour but d’explorer quelques types de réseaux de neurones artificiels existants pour le traitement de texte, en s’appropriant leur fonctionnement et d’en choisir un qui va nous servir pour construire notre réseau de neurones artificiel

A FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DO FISIOTERAPEUTA PARA ATUAR NA EQUIPE DE ASSISTÊNCIA AO PARTO HUMANIZADO: a visão do aluno de uma universidade pública

O estudo trata da formação do profissional fisioterapeuta para atuar na assistência ao parto humanizado. A pesquisa qualitativa e descritivo teve como objetivos analisar as percepções dos estudantes de fisioterapia da Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA) sobre o atendimento fisioterapêutico a mulheres em trabalho de parto e apontar alternativas para melhorar a formação do fisioterapeuta para atuar na equipe de assistência ao parto humanizado. Contou com a participação de 20 alunos que responderam a um questionário e participaram de grupos focais. Os resultados demonstraram que os alunos detêm os conceitos relacionados à humanização, no entanto não revelaram conhecimentos específicos sobre as políticas do Ministério de Saúde de assistência humanizada ao parto. As disciplinas que abordam a assistência humanizada ao parto estão no caminho certo, ainda que melhorias possam ser realizadas. Propõe-se estratégias para melhorar a formação inicial do fisioterapeuta

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others