AART: AI-Assisted Red-Teaming with Diverse Data Generation for New LLM-powered Applications

Adversarial testing of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for their safe and responsible deployment. We introduce a novel approach for automated generation of adversarial evaluation datasets to test the safety of LLM generations on new downstream applications. We call it AI-assisted Red-Teaming (AART) - an automated alternative to current manual red-teaming efforts. AART offers a data generation and augmentation pipeline of reusable and customizable recipes that reduce human effort significantly and enable integration of adversarial testing earlier in new product development. AART generates evaluation datasets with high diversity of content characteristics critical for effective adversarial testing (e.g. sensitive and harmful concepts, specific to a wide range of cultural and geographic regions and application scenarios). The data generation is steered by AI-assisted recipes to define, scope and prioritize diversity within the application context. This feeds into a structured LLM-generation process that scales up evaluation priorities. Compared to some state-of-the-art tools, AART shows promising results in terms of concept coverage and data quality

Executive leadership in semi-presidential systems

Relative to presidentialism and parliamentarism, the study of semi-presidentialism is still in its infancy. The term was coined in 1970 and, apart from the pioneering work of Maurice Duverger, systematic study began only in the 1990s. Previously, the definition of semi-presidentialism was the subject of much debate. Now, most scholars agree that semi-presidentialism is where there is both a directly elected fixed-term president and a prime minister and cabinet that are collectively responsible to the legislature. The key contribution of recent scholarship is that semi-presidentialism is not a unimodal category. Instead, there is a tremendous variety of executive politics in countries with a semi-presidential constitution. This work has identified the effects of such variation on topics such as democratic performance and both government formation and termination. Given so many countries now have semi-presidential constitutions, the study of this topic is likely to remain salient. In the future, there should be more comparative studies of semi-presidential countries and more systematic comparisons of semi-presidentialism with presidentialism and parliamentarism

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA LÍNEA BASE PARA EL SG-SST EN LA EMPRESA GIDSER S.A.S

La implementación del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo SG-SST, le permite a una empresa tener una mejoría de las condiciones de trabajo y salud y de la productividad, mediante la coordinación de acciones para promover la salud, prevenir y controlar los riesgos. El objetivo es realizar una línea base en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo de la empresa GIDSER S.A.S, ubicada en Cartagena. Se trata de una investigación de tipo descriptivo con enfoque mixto, que consta de la realización de una consultoría. Se realizaron entrevistas por medio de video llamadas y llamadas telefónicas a los empleados. En la evaluación inicial se identificó que la población no presenta enfermedad laboral. Se evaluaron los 7 estándares mínimos de cumplimiento del Sistema de Gestión y Seguridad en el Trabajo SG-SST según lo establecido en la resolución 0312 de 2019 y se encontró que solo cumplieron con la afiliación al sistema de seguridad social integral. Posteriormente al evaluar la guía técnica colombiana 45, se encontró exposición a riesgos biológicos debido a la manipulación de partículas corporales en la toma de muestra, a riesgos químicos por la manipulación de reactivos de laboratorio y sustancias para el lavado de superficies y materiales, a riesgos psicosociales por el estrés generado por las rutinas de trabajo, y a riesgos de condiciones de seguridad por la utilización de equipos biomédicos. Esto condujo a la elaboración de unos productos para el diseño e implementación de un Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo

Brief Intervention for Truant Youth Sexual Risk Behavior and Marijuana Use

Substance use and sexual risk behaviors are common among adolescents, but research has focused attention on alcohol use. Much less is known about the relationship of marijuana use and sexual risk behavior among high-risk, especially truant, youths. We report interim findings from a NIDA-funded experimental, brief intervention (BI) study involving truant youths and their parents/guardians. Longitudinal data were analyzed to study (1) the relationships between the youths\u27 marijuana use and sexual risk behavior and (2) the effects of a substance use BI on their marijuana use and sexual risk behavior. A growth model analysis for parallel processes was conducted to study relationships between marijuana use and sexual risk behavior, and to assess the overall BI effect on linear and quadratic trends in subgroups of youth differing in their sexual risk behavior and marijuana use. Implications of the results for future research and service delivery are considered. © 2014 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Brief Intervention for Truant Youth Sexual Risk Behavior and Alcohol Use: A Parallel Process Growth Model Analysis

Truant youths frequently experience family problems, emotional/psychological issues, substance misuse, and delinquency. They are likely engaging in alcohol use and sexual risk behavior at a higher rate than the general youth population. Early intervention services would benefit them, their families, and society. We present interim findings from an ongoing, National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded, experimental, brief intervention (BI) study involving truant youths and their parent/guardians. Baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up data were analyzed to determine whether alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors were longitudinally related, to examine the effects of the BI on alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors, to identify subgroups of youths involved in alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors, and to assess the impact of the BI on these subgroups. Results indicated alcohol use and sexual risk were longitudinally related. Limited treatment effects were observed for alcohol use. Implications for future research and service delivery are considered. © 2014 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Emotional Psychological and Related Problems Among Truant Youths: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis

Latent class analysis was conducted on the psychosocial problems experienced by truant youths. Data were obtained from baseline interviews completed on 131 youths and their parents/guardians involved in a NIDA-funded, Brief Intervention Project. Results identified two classes of youths: Class 1(n=9) - youths with low levels of delinquency, mental health and substance abuse issues; and Class 2(n=37) - youths with high levels of these problems. Comparison of these two classes on their urine analysis test results and parent/guardian reports of traumatic events found significant (p\u3c.05) differences between them that were consistent with their problem group classification. Our results have important implications for research and practice

Brief Intervention for Truant Youth Sexual Risk Behavior and Marijuana Use

Substance use and sexual risk behaviors are common among adolescents, but research has focused attention on alcohol use. Much less is known about the relationship of marijuana use and sexual risk behavior among high-risk, especially truant, youths. We report interim findings from a NIDA-funded experimental, brief intervention (BI) study involving truant youths and their parents/guardians. Longitudinal data were analyzed to study (1) the relationships between the youths\u27 marijuana use and sexual risk behavior and (2) the effects of a substance use BI on their marijuana use and sexual risk behavior. A growth model analysis for parallel processes was conducted to study relationships between marijuana use and sexual risk behavior, and to assess the overall BI effect on linear and quadratic trends in subgroups of youth differing in their sexual risk behavior and marijuana use. Implications of the results for future research and service delivery are considered. © 2014 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Charged Annular Disks and Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m Type Black Holes from Extremal Dust

We present the first analytical superposition of a charged black hole with an annular disk of extremal dust. In order to obtain the solutions, we first solve the Einstein-Maxwell field equations for sources that represent disk-like configurations of matter in confomastatic spacetimes by assuming a functional dependence among the metric function, the electric potential and an auxiliary function,which is taken as a solution of the Laplace equation. We then employ the Lord Kelvin Inversion Method applied to models of finite extension in order to obtain annular disks. The structures obtained extend to infinity, but their total masses are finite and all the energy conditions are satisfied. Finally, we observe that the extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m black hole can be embedded into the center of the disks by adding a boundary term in the inversion.Comment: 17 revtex pages, 8 eps figure

An Atmospheric Bridge Between the Subpolar and Tropical Atlantic Regions: A Perplexing Asymmetric Teleconnection

The largest sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) occur over the Atlantic subpolar gyre, yet it is the tropical Atlantic from where the global impacts of AMV originate. Processes that communicate SST change from the subpolar Atlantic gyre to the tropical North Atlantic thus comprise a crucial mechanism of AMV. Here we use idealized model experiments to show that such communication is accomplished by an “atmospheric bridge.” Our results demonstrate an unexpected asymmetry: the atmosphere is effective in communicating cold subpolar SSTs to the north tropical Atlantic, via an immediate extratropical atmospheric circulation change that invokes slower wind-driven evaporative cooling along the Eastern Atlantic Basin and into the tropics. Warm subpolar SST anomalies do not elicit a robust tropical Atlantic response. Our results highlight a key dynamical feature of AMV for which warm and cold phases are not opposites