The common good: salmon science, the conservation crisis, and the shaping of Alaskan political culture

Thesis (M.A.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2015Without a doubt, the salmon fishery in Alaska has been at the forefront of natural resource debates and has served as an example of ineffective, misunderstood, and controversial policies, as well as many missed opportunities to better understand the resource. Management of Alaska's longest lasting natural resource industry is contingent upon an evolving scientific understanding of salmon. At the same time, policy has been shaped by political, economic, cultural, and social phenomena. Considering these parts of the historical narrative of the Alaska salmon industry demonstrates the fundamental challenges of fisheries management: reconciling biological limitation, economic demands, and cultural practices. This study contextualizes modern salmon management in Alaska by analyzing early- to mid-twentieth century conservation efforts within these constraints. To begin, some fundamental questions arise in the analysis of salmon management: why did managers make the decisions they did? What were limits faced by managers and the science they relied on? Also, how did political, economic, and cultural forces impact these decisions? By addressing these questions in a historical analysis, a fuller understanding of modern salmon management in Alaska is found. Answering these questions shapes this thesis and supports the argument that economic, political, and cultural factors often influenced changing policies as much as technological advances and ecological understanding did. In particular, Alaska's unique transition to statehood in the mid-twentieth century - a period when huge advances in ecology were underway - highlights how science often took a backseat to other concerns.Introduction -- Data and methods -- Outline -- Literature Review -- Chapter 1: Pacific Salmon Life Histories -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Pacific Salmon Life Histories -- 1.3 Juvenile Stage and Smoltification -- 1.4 Marine Feeding and Migration -- 1.5 Homeward Migration -- 1.6 Adult Upriver Migration -- 1.7 Spawning -- 1.8 Predation and Other Environmental Factors -- 1.9 Conclusion -- Chapter 2: Federal Management, 1884-1959 -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Federal Fishery Science and Management -- 2.3 Hatcheries -- 2.4 Predator Fish Eradication -- 2.5 Escapement-Based Management -- 2.6 E.S. Russell, Quantitative Modeling, and Ecology -- 2.7 Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Transition to Statehood and State Management -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The 1940s: Increased Analytical Sophistication in Salmon Management -- 3.3 The 1950s Salmon Population Collapse -- 3.4 Fish Traps and Alaskan Political Culture -- 3.5 Statehood -- 3.6 Open Access and "Tragedy of the Commons" -- 3.7 Quotas and the Elimination of the Commons -- 3.8 Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Possible Solutions for a Sustainable Industry -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Fishery Management in an Oil Economy -- 4.3 Alaska Salmon Disaster -- 4.4 A New Management Regime -- 4.5 Limitations to Quotas and Fish Traps -- 4.6 Conclusion -- Works Cited

Joe, Who Drives a Taxi Cab

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Languages and Literature of Bard College

Political Skill for Sport Professionals: Theory, Research, and Career Success Implications

Motivated by an increasing interpersonal aspect to the profession of sport coaching, the importance of being socially effective as a coach has multiplied in significance. This review specifically considers the social effectiveness construct, political skill, as a crucial aspect to career success through the perspective of a sport coaching lens. Political skill refers to the ability to effectually understand others at work, and to then use that information to influence others to behave in ways that enhance one’s personal and/or organizational objective. Political skill is a means through which sport coaches may be able to build and maintain important and influential relationships with key stakeholders (e.g., athletic directors), thus improving the possibility of a successful coaching career. This article presents a review of theoretical foundations for the association between political skill and career success as well as practical applications (e.g., active listening, empowerment, volunteerism) for sport coaches when managing important stakeholder relationships. Research suggestions for the continued advancement of political skill research are also provided

Empirical Desert, Individual Prevention, and Limiting Retributivism: A Reply

A number of articles and empirical studies over the past decade, most by Paul Robinson and co-authors, have suggested a relationship between the extent of the criminal law\u27s reputation for being just in its distribution of criminal liability and punishment in the eyes of the community – its moral credibility – and its ability to gain that community\u27s deference and compliance through a variety of mechanisms that enhance its crime-control effectiveness. This has led to proposals to have criminal liability and punishment rules reflect lay intuitions of justice – empirical desert – as a means of enhancing the system\u27s moral credibility. In a recent article, Christopher Slobogin and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein (SBR) report seven sets of studies that they argue undermine these claims of empirical desert and moral credibility and instead support SBR\u27s proposed distributive principle of individual prevention, a view that focuses on an offender\u27s future dangerousness rather than on his perceived desert. The idea that there is a relationship between the criminal law\u27s reputation for justness and its crime-control effectiveness did not originate with Robinson and his co-authors. Rather, it has been a common theme among a wide range of punishment theory scholars for many decades. A particularly important conclusion of recent Robinson studies, however, is their confirmation that this relationship is a continuous one: even small nudges in moral credibility can produce corresponding changes in the community\u27s deference to the criminal law. This is important because it shows that even piecemeal changes or changes at the margin – as in reforming even one unjust doctrine or procedure – can have real implications for crime-control. SBR\u27s studies, rather than contradicting the crime-control power of empirical desert, in fact confirm it. Further, SBR\u27s studies do not provide support for their proposed individual prevention distributive principle, contrary to what they claim. While SBR try to associate their principle with the popular limiting retributivism adopted by the American Law Institute in its 2007 amendment of the Model Penal Code, in fact it is, in many respects, just the reverse of that principle. With limiting retributivism, the Model Code\u27s new provision sets desert as dominant, never allowing punishment to conflict with it. SBR would have punishment essentially always set according to future dangerousness; it is to be constrained by desert only when the extent of the resulting injustices or failures of justice is so egregious as to significantly delegitimize the government and its law. This ignores the fact that even minor departures from justice may have an important cumulative effect on the system as a whole. What SBR propose – essentially substituting preventive detention for criminal justice – promotes the worst of the failed policies of the 1960s, where detention decisions were made at the back-end by experts, and conflicts with the trend of the past several decades of encouraging more community involvement in criminal punishment, not less

Empirical Desert, Individual Prevention, and Limiting Retributivism: A Reply

A number of articles and empirical studies over the past decade, most by Paul Robinson and co-authors, have suggested a relationship between the extent of the criminal law\u27s reputation for being just in its distribution of criminal liability and punishment in the eyes of the community – its moral credibility – and its ability to gain that community\u27s deference and compliance through a variety of mechanisms that enhance its crime-control effectiveness. This has led to proposals to have criminal liability and punishment rules reflect lay intuitions of justice – empirical desert – as a means of enhancing the system\u27s moral credibility. In a recent article, Christopher Slobogin and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein (SBR) report seven sets of studies that they argue undermine these claims of empirical desert and moral credibility and instead support SBR\u27s proposed distributive principle of individual prevention, a view that focuses on an offender\u27s future dangerousness rather than on his perceived desert. The idea that there is a relationship between the criminal law\u27s reputation for justness and its crime-control effectiveness did not originate with Robinson and his co-authors. Rather, it has been a common theme among a wide range of punishment theory scholars for many decades. A particularly important conclusion of recent Robinson studies, however, is their confirmation that this relationship is a continuous one: even small nudges in moral credibility can produce corresponding changes in the community\u27s deference to the criminal law. This is important because it shows that even piecemeal changes or changes at the margin – as in reforming even one unjust doctrine or procedure – can have real implications for crime-control. SBR\u27s studies, rather than contradicting the crime-control power of empirical desert, in fact confirm it. Further, SBR\u27s studies do not provide support for their proposed individual prevention distributive principle, contrary to what they claim. While SBR try to associate their principle with the popular limiting retributivism adopted by the American Law Institute in its 2007 amendment of the Model Penal Code, in fact it is, in many respects, just the reverse of that principle. With limiting retributivism, the Model Code\u27s new provision sets desert as dominant, never allowing punishment to conflict with it. SBR would have punishment essentially always set according to future dangerousness; it is to be constrained by desert only when the extent of the resulting injustices or failures of justice is so egregious as to significantly delegitimize the government and its law. This ignores the fact that even minor departures from justice may have an important cumulative effect on the system as a whole. What SBR propose – essentially substituting preventive detention for criminal justice – promotes the worst of the failed policies of the 1960s, where detention decisions were made at the back-end by experts, and conflicts with the trend of the past several decades of encouraging more community involvement in criminal punishment, not less

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor α expression and its targeting in antigen-induced arthritis and inflammation

A Representative FACS plots showing Ly6G and Ly6C staining of CD45+ myeloid populations in the AIA knee joint. F4/80intSSchi eosinophils (Eos), F4/80+CD11c+MHCII+ Mo-DCs (R1), F4/80+CD11c-MHCII+ macrophages (Macs) (R2), F4/80+CD11c-MHCII- macrophages (R3), F4/80-CD11c+ MHCII+ cDCs, F4/80-CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils, which are also Ly6C+, and F4/80-CD11b+Ly6G-SScloLy6C+/- monocytes. B Representative FACS plots of CD45+ myeloid populations in the AIA knee joint showing Ly6G+ neutrophils are CD64- and F4/80+ macrophages/Mo-DCs are CD64+. (PDF 235 kb

Analysis of EZproxy server logs to visualise research activity in Curtin’s online library

© 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop data visualisation proof of concept prototypes that will enable the Curtin University Library team to explore its users’ information-seeking behaviour and collection use online by analysing the library’s EZproxy logs. Design/methodology/approach: Curtin Library’s EZproxy log file data from 2013 to 2017 is used to develop the data visualisation prototypes using Unity3D software. Findings: Two visualisation prototypes from the EZproxy data set are developed. The first, “Global Visualisation of Curtin Research Activity”, uses a geographical map of the world as a platform to show where each research request comes from, the time each is made and the file size of the request. The second prototype, “Database Usage Visualisation”, shows the use of the library’s various subscription databases by staff and students daily, over a month in April 2017. Research limitations/implications: The paper has following limitations: working to a tight timeline of ten weeks; time taken to cleanse noise data; and requirements for storing and hosting the voluminous data sets. Practical implications: The prototypes provide visual evidence of the use of Curtin Library’s digital resources at any time and from anywhere by its users, demonstrating the demand for the library’s online service offerings. These prototype evidence-based data visualisations empower the library to communicate in a compelling and interesting way how its services and subscriptions support Curtin University’s missions. Originality/value: The paper provides innovative approaches to create immersive 3D data visualisation prototypes to make sense of complex EZproxy data sets

PinR mediates the generation of reversible population diversity in Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Opportunistic pathogens must adapt to and survive in a wide range of complex ecosystems. Streptococcus zooepidemicus is an opportunistic pathogen of horses and many other animals, including humans. The assembly of different surface architecture phenotypes from one genotype is likely to be crucial to the successful exploitation of such an opportunistic lifestyle. Construction of a series of mutants revealed that a serine recombinase, PinR, inverts 114 bp of the promoter of SZO_08560, which is bordered by GTAGACTTTA and TAAAGTCTAC inverted repeats. Inversion acts as a switch, controlling the transcription of this sortase-processed protein, which may enhance the attachment of S. zooepidemicus to equine trachea. The genome of a recently sequenced strain of S. zooepidemicus, 2329 (Sz2329), was found to contain a disruptive internal inversion of 7 kb of the FimIV pilus locus, which is bordered by TAGAAA and TTTCTA inverted repeats. This strain lacks pinR and this inversion may have become irreversible following the loss of this recombinase. Active inversion of FimIV was detected in three strains of S. zooepidemicus, 1770 (Sz1770), B260863 (SzB260863) and H050840501 (SzH050840501), all of which encoded pinR. A deletion mutant of Sz1770 that lacked pinR was no longer capable of inverting its internal region of FimIV. The data highlight redundancy in the PinR sequence recognition motif around a short TAGA consensus and suggest that PinR can reversibly influence the wider surface architecture of S. zooepidemicus, providing this organism with a bet-hedging solution to survival in fluctuating environments

IPD—the Immuno Polymorphism Database

The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/) is a set of specialist databases related to the study of polymorphic genes in the immune system. IPD currently consists of four databases: IPD-KIR, contains the allelic sequences of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors; IPD-MHC, a database of sequences of the Major Histocompatibility Complex of different species; IPD-HPA, alloantigens expressed only on platelets; and IPD-ESTAB, which provides access to the European Searchable Tumour Cell-Line Database, a cell bank of immunologically characterized melanoma cell lines. The IPD project works with specialist groups or nomenclature committees who provide and curate individual sections before they are submitted to IPD for online publication. The IPD project stores all the data in a set of related databases. Those sections with similar data, such as IPD-KIR and IPD-MHC share the same database structure. The sharing of a common database structure makes it easier to implement common tools for data submission and retrieval. The data are currently available online from the website and ftp directory; files will also be made available in different formats to download from the website and ftp server. The data will also be included in SRS, BLAST and FASTA search engines at the European Bioinformatics Institute

Free Fermionic Heterotic Model Building and Root Systems

We consider an alternative derivation of the GSO Projection in the free fermionic construction of the weakly coupled heterotic string in terms of root systems, as well as the interpretation of the GSO Projection in this picture. We then present an algorithm to systematically and efficiently generate input sets (i.e. basis vectors) in order to study Landscape statistics with minimal computational cost. For example, the improvement at order 6 is approximately 10^{-13} over a traditional brute force approach, and improvement increases with order. We then consider an example of statistics on a relatively simple class of models.Comment: Standard Latex, 12 page