The magnetism of the solar interior for a complete MHD solar vision

The solar magnetism is no more considered as a purely superficial phenomenon. The SoHO community has shown that the length of the solar cycle depends on the transition region between radiation and convection. Nevertheless, the internal solar (stellar) magnetism stays poorly known. Starting in 2008, the American instrument HMI/SDO and the European microsatellite PICARD will enrich our view of the Sun-Earth relationship. Thus obtaining a complete MHD solar picture is a clear objective for the next decades and it requires complementary observations of the dynamics of the radiative zone. For that ambitious goal, space prototypes are being developed to improve gravity mode detection. The Sun is unique to progress on the topology of deep internal magnetic fields and to understand the complex mechanisms which provoke photospheric and coronal magnetic changes and possible longer cycles important for human life. We propose the following roadmap in Europe to contribute to this "impressive" revolution in Astronomy and in our Sun-Earth relationship: SoHO (1995-2007), PICARD (2008-2010), DynaMICS (2009-2017) in parallel to SDO (2008-2017) then a world-class mission located at the L1 orbit or above the solar poles.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, will appear in the proceedings of 2005 ESLAB symposium 19-21 April 200

Histoire du peuple juif

750 página

Monitoring the marine physical and chemical environment within the Reef 2050 Integrated Monitoring and Reporting Program: final Report of the Marine Physical and Chemical Environment Expert Group

[Extract] The objectives of the marine physico-chemical environment expert group include: Review of existing indicators of water quality and an assessment of their adequacy and ability to clearly resolve anticipated changes in reef water quality; o provide sufficient context to aid in the interpretation of ecological responses associated with changes in water quality; Identify alternative indicators where review suggests existing indicators are inadequate; Review and evaluate existing water quality monitoring programs and other sources of water quality information (e.g. marine modelling, satellite remote sensing) and existing and emerging technologies, as candidates for inclusion in future Reef monitoring to inform identified selected priority indicators; A gap analysis of information requirements for physico-chemical parameters as part of various reporting obligations; Recommendations for an observational strategy and sampling approach for Marine physico-chemical variables to inform selected priority indicators under RIMReP. This will include defining data needs of marine modelling activities if those activities are to underpin parts of RIMReP; Recommendations for the development of data aggregation techniques and reporting products as informed by the RIMReP process and through existing complementary projects.An accessible copy of this report is not yet available from this repository, please contact [email protected] for more information