An exploration of disclosure and non-disclosure patterns in HIV-infected children in Cape Town, South Africa

A cross-sectional, descriptive study combining with open-ended (qualitative) interview questions with quantitative component was conducted to explore disclosure experiences of mothers and caregivers of HIV-infected children. The study was conducted with 102 parents and caregivers at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town delivering care to 303 HIV-infected paediatric patients. The study sample included 102 participants, ranging in age from 16 years to 71 years. The sample included 73 mothers (72%), six fathers (6%), 11 foster-mothers (11%), and 12 caregivers or grandmothers (12%). The median age of participants’ children was 4 (IQR 2-8) years and ranged from five months to 16 years. Only 48 (47%) were old enough for disclosure to be possible. Disclosure or disclosure delay was associated with several factors, including the child’s age or ability to understand, anxiety and guilt about being blamed for infecting the child, fear of exposing the child to stigma, discrimination and social exclusion related to the child disclosing to others, and the hope that the child would be adherent if they understood their illness and the way in which the medication could improve their health outcomes. Only 16 (33%) of 48 participants actually disclosed the child’s HIV status. The results indicate that HIV-disclosure remains a challenging, emotionally-charged experience for mothers and caregivers. The findings of this research, and similar studies, point to the value of integrating disclosure support and planning into routine care for children and adolescents, as well as their parents and caregivers

An exploration of disclosure and non-disclosure patterns in HIV-infected children in Cape Town, South Africa

A cross-sectional, descriptive study combining with open-ended (qualitative) interview questions with quantitative component was conducted to explore disclosure experiences of mothers and caregivers of HIV-infected children. The study was conducted with 102 parents and caregivers at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town delivering care to 303 HIV-infected paediatric patients. The study sample included 102 participants, ranging in age from 16 years to 71 years. The sample included 73 mothers (72%), six fathers (6%), 11 foster-mothers (11%), and 12 caregivers or grandmothers (12%). The median age of participants’ children was 4 (IQR 2-8) years and ranged from five months to 16 years. Only 48 (47%) were old enough for disclosure to be possible. Disclosure or disclosure delay was associated with several factors, including the child’s age or ability to understand, anxiety and guilt about being blamed for infecting the child, fear of exposing the child to stigma, discrimination and social exclusion related to the child disclosing to others, and the hope that the child would be adherent if they understood their illness and the way in which the medication could improve their health outcomes. Only 16 (33%) of 48 participants actually disclosed the child’s HIV status. The results indicate that HIV-disclosure remains a challenging, emotionally-charged experience for mothers and caregivers. The findings of this research, and similar studies, point to the value of integrating disclosure support and planning into routine care for children and adolescents, as well as their parents and caregivers

Autonomous Deployment of a Solar Panel Using an Elastic Origami and Distributed Shape Memory Polymer Actuators

Deployable mechanical systems such as space solar panels rely on the intricate stowage of passive modules, and sophisticated deployment using a network of motorized actuators. As a result, a significant portion of the stowed mass and volume are occupied by these support systems. An autonomous solar panel array deployed using the inherent material behavior remains elusive. In this work, we develop an autonomous self-deploying solar panel array that is programmed to activate in response to changes in the surrounding temperature. We study an elastic "flasher" origami sheet embedded in a circle of scissor mechanisms, both printed with shape memory polymers. The scissor mechanisms are optimized to provide the maximum expansion ratio while delivering the necessary force for deployment. The origami sheet is also optimized to carry the maximum number of solar panels given space constraints. We show how the folding of the "flasher" origami exhibits a bifurcation behavior resulting in either a cone or disk shape both numerically and in experiments. A folding strategy is devised to avoid the undesired cone shape. The resulting design is entirely 3D printed, achieves an expansion ratio of 1000% in under 40 seconds, and shows excellent agreement with simulation prediction both in the stowed and deployed configurations.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

Investment Recovery: Understanding The Book Value Vs. Fair Market Value Of An Asset

This case is based on a real life conversation between CPA Dave Richards and business owner John Stevenson. John has run across a situation with his business in which he has a discrepancy between what he feels an asset is worth and with what a company has the asset valued on the books. The manager of the company does not want to sell an unused asset because he does not want the loss on the equipment to impact his division’s performance this period. Students get to listen along as Dave and John discuss the issues. This case introduces students to the accounting for capital assets, sales of used equipment and the tax consequences of selling equipment. Students are introduced to John Stevenson and Dave Richards as they discuss an issue John Stevenson has come across in his investment recovery business. Students are exposed to capital asset accounting and valuation from both a Generally Accepted Accounting Principles view and from a general businessman’s view. The case also covers an issue of goal conflict and goal congruence with respect to the company who currently owns the asset. This case is targeted for students in an MBA course who are not accounting majors. The case may be used as an in class discussion mechanism or assigned as a take home project. The case can be discussed fully within a one hour class if students have pre-prepared for the case. Students should expect to spend about 1 hours of preparation time outside of class

Filaments of the radio cosmic web: opportunities and challenges for SKA

The detection of the diffuse gas component of the cosmic web remains a formidable challenge. In this work we study synchrotron emission from the cosmic web with simulated SKA1 observations, which can represent an fundamental probe of the warm-hot intergalactic medium. We investigate radio emission originated by relativistic electrons accelerated by shocks surrounding cosmic filaments, assuming diffusive shock acceleration and as a function of the (unknown) large-scale magnetic fields. The detection of the brightest parts of large ($>10 \rm Mpc$) filaments of the cosmic web should be within reach of the SKA1-LOW, if the magnetic field is at the level of a $\sim 10$ percent equipartition with the thermal gas, corresponding to $\sim 0.1 \mu G$ for the most massive filaments in simulations. In the course of a 2-years survey with SKA1-LOW, this will enable a first detection of the "tip of the iceberg" of the radio cosmic web, and allow for the use of the SKA as a powerful tool to study the origin of cosmic magnetism in large-scale structures. On the other hand, the SKA1-MID and SKA1-SUR seem less suited for this science case at low redshift ($z \leq 0.4$), owing to the missing short baselines and the consequent lack of signal from the large-scale brightness fluctuations associated with the filaments. In this case only very long exposures ($\sim 1000$ hr) may enable the detection of $\sim 1-2$ filament for field of view in the SKA1-SUR PAF Band1.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Proceedings of 'Advancing Astrophysics with the SKA (AASKA14) - Cosmic Magnetism' Chapter

Roscoe M. Chase\u27s Field Hospital Reports

A photocopy of Roscoe M. Chase\u27s field hospital report and tag (front/back). Chase was shot near Belleau Wood and this is the report of his wounds. 1) Paper Field Hospital # 23 Bed # [blank] Name and No. Chase, Roscoe M. No.304249 Rank and cmd. Private. 17th Co. 5th Marines Date admitted June 10. 748 P.M. Diagnosis G. S. W. back + left side between 6 + 7th ribs non penetration [illegable] 430 + 5 p. m. by shrapnel. Clinical data Large gaping wound below lower angle left [illegable]. non penetrating [paper torn] wound clean, [illegable, paper torn] dressing applied, [illegable, paper torn] Tetanus antitoxin Treatment A. J. S. [Illegable]position [Illegable] 830 p.m. 2) Tag Front Date, Hour and station where tagged: 6/10/18 M Field Name Chase, Roscoe M #304249 Rank and Regt. or Corps: 17th Rt 5th Marines, 1st Batt. Diagnosis: Gunshot wound of back (left side) Treatment: First aid - Tetanus given Signature: R. O\u27B Shea [Richard O\u27B. Shea, Asst Surgeon] 3) Tag Back Supplemental Record: 1/4 gr morphine given F. H. 15. [ gr refers to Greely units]https://digitalmaine.com/chase_241500/1009/thumbnail.jp

Ancient China Digital Choice Board

This choice board invites students to: Design a canva presentation about the building of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal. Write travel diaries based on the journeys of the Ibn Battula and Marco Polo. Learn about ancient Chinese rockets and build your own bubble-powered rocket. And explore many more topics presented in the resourcesforhistoryteachers wiki. Go here to make your own Google Doc copy of this choice board to remix.https://scholarworks.umass.edu/tecs_ed_materials/1036/thumbnail.jp