Protocolo de avaliação do frênulo lingual para bebês: relação entre aspectos anatômicos e funcionais

OBJETIVO: verificar quais características do frênulo da língua influenciam nas funções de sucção e deglutição em bebês nascidos a termo, com a finalidade de propor adequações no protocolo proposto por Martinelli et al (2012). MÉTODO: foi aplicado o protocolo de avaliação do frênulo da língua em 100 bebês saudáveis nascidos a termo. Os filmes obtidos na avaliação foram analisados por duas fonoaudiólogas especialistas em MO, com experiência em avaliação de frênulo lingual. Foram aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado seguido do teste exato de Fisher, além da análise de variância, considerando os dados qualitativos e quantitativos, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: nos 16 bebês que apresentaram alteração do frênulo lingual, verificou-se a relação entre: a tendência do posicionamento da língua durante o choro e o tempo entre as mamadas; a forma da língua quando elevada e o cansaço para mamar; bem como a fixação do frênulo na língua e o movimento da língua na sucção não nutritiva. Pela análise dos dados dos bebês com alteração de frênulo lingual, foi possível definir as características indicativas de alteração, que possibilitaram a adequação do protocolo inicial, e a atribuição de escores. CONCLUSÃO: a forma da língua, quando elevada durante o choro, influencia o movimento da língua durante a sucção não nutritiva, e o ponto de fixação do frênulo na língua influencia o ritmo da sucção durante a amamentação. O novo protocolo com escores é uma ferramenta efetiva para avaliar e diagnosticar alterações anatômicas do frênulo da língua e suas possíveis interferências na amamentação

The host galaxies and explosion sites of long-duration gamma-ray bursts: Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared imaging

We present the results of a Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/F160WSnapshot survey of the host galaxies of 39 long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) at z < 3. We have non-detections of hosts at the locations of four bursts. Sufficient accuracy to astrometrically align optical afterglowimages and determine the location of the LGRB within its hostwas possible for 31/35 detected hosts. In agreement with other work, we find the luminosity distribution of LGRB hosts is significantly fainter than that of a star formation rate-weighted field galaxy sample over the same redshift range, indicating LGRBs are not unbiasedly tracing the star formation rate. Morphologically, the sample of LGRB hosts is dominated by spiral-like or irregular galaxies. We find evidence for evolution of the population of LGRB hosts towards lower luminosity, higher concentrated hosts at lower redshifts. Their half-light radii are consistent with other LGRB host samples where measurements were made on rest-frame UV observations. In agreement with recent work, we find their 80 per cent enclosed flux radii distribution to be more extended than previously thought, making them intermediate between core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and superluminous supernova (SLSN) hosts. The galactocentric projectedoffset distribution confirms LGRBs as centrally concentrated, much more so than CCSNe and similar to SLSNe. LGRBs are strongly biased towards the brighter regions in their host light distributions, regardless of their offset. We find a correlation between the luminosity of the LGRB explosion site and the intrinsic column density, NH, towards the burst. © 2017 The Authors

The MDM2–p53–pyruvate carboxylase signalling axis couples mitochondrial metabolism to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells

published_or_final_versio

The 2175 angstrom Extinction Feature in the Optical Afterglow Spectrum of GRB 180325A at z =. 2.25

The ultraviolet (UV) extinction feature at 2175 Å is ubiquitously observed in the Galaxy but is rarely detected at high redshifts. Here we report the spectroscopic detection of the 2175 Å bump on the sightline to the γ-ray burst (GRB) afterglow GRB 180325A at z = 2.2486, the only unambiguous detection over the past 10 years of GRB follow-up, at four different epochs with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/X-shooter. Additional photometric observations of the afterglow are obtained with the Gamma-Ray burst Optical and Near-Infrared Detector (GROND). We construct the near-infrared to X-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at four spectroscopic epochs. The SEDs are well described by a single power law and an extinction law with R V ≈ 4.4, A V ≈ 1.5, and the 2175 Å extinction feature. The bump strength and extinction curve are shallower than the average Galactic extinction curve. We determine a metallicity of [Zn/H] > −0.98 from the VLT/X-shooter spectrum. We detect strong neutral carbon associated with the GRB with equivalent width of W r(λ 1656) = 0.85 ± 0.05. We also detect optical emission lines from the host galaxy. Based on the Hα emission-line flux, the derived dust-corrected star formation rate is ~46 ± 4 M ⊙ yr−1 and the predicted stellar mass is log M */M ⊙ ~ 9.3 ± 0.4, suggesting that the host galaxy is among the main-sequence star-forming galaxies

Phenotypic redshifts with self-organizing maps: A novel method to characterize redshift distributions of source galaxies for weak lensing

Wide-field imaging surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES) rely on coarse measurements of spectral energy distributions in a few filters to estimate the redshift distribution of source galaxies. In this regime, sample variance, shot noise, and selection effects limit the attainable accuracy of redshift calibration and thus of cosmological constraints. We present a new method to combine wide-field, few-filter measurements with catalogs from deep fields with additional filters and sufficiently low photometric noise to break degeneracies in photometric redshifts. The multi-band deep field is used as an intermediary between wide-field observations and accurate redshifts, greatly reducing sample variance, shot noise, and selection effects. Our implementation of the method uses self-organizing maps to group galaxies into phenotypes based on their observed fluxes, and is tested using a mock DES catalog created from N-body simulations. It yields a typical uncertainty on the mean redshift in each of five tomographic bins for an idealized simulation of the DES Year 3 weak-lensing tomographic analysis of $\sigma_{\Delta z} = 0.007$, which is a 60% improvement compared to the Year 1 analysis. Although the implementation of the method is tailored to DES, its formalism can be applied to other large photometric surveys with a similar observing strategy.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures; matches version accepted to MNRA

Effect of the Japanese herbal medicine, Boiogito, on the osteoarthritis of the knee with joint effusion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Boiogito (Japanese herbal medicine, Tsumura Co. Tokyo, Japan) contains <it>sinomenin </it>which inhibits inflammatory reactions. Since <it>sinomenine </it>is a principle component of the Boiogito, there is a possibility of it being effective on osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee with joint effusion. However, there is no report concerning the effectiveness of Boiogito on knee OA. The objective of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Boiogito on OA of the knee associated with joint effusion in a comparative study among randomly assigned groups.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Study was performed using 50 patients who were diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis of the knee with joint effusion. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: one group (25 patients) using both loxoprofen (2-{4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl) methyl]} propanoic acid) and Boiogito and the other group (25 patients) using loxoprofen, and were evaluated during a 12 week observation period. The assessment parameters including knee scores in the Knee Society Rating System including Knee score and Functional scores, amount of joint effusion by joint puncture in clinically detected cases, the 36-items short form of the Medical Outcome Study Questionnaire (SF-36) as a measurement of health related quality of life were used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The knee scores based on the Knee Society Rating System were improved in both groups. The staircase climbing up and down ability in the Knee society rating system functional score was significantly improved in the group using Boiogito and loxoprofen compared to the loxoprofen group. In the evaluation using SF-36, significant improvements were found in the scores in both groups in physical functioning after 12 weeks. The amount of joint fluid was significantly decreased at 4, 8 and 12 weeks compared to pre-administration baseline in the group using Boiogito and loxoprofen. A side effect of Boiogito, dry mouth, was found in one case. The symptom was mild and improved immediately after discontinuation of administration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results indicated that Boiogito have a possibility for a treatment modality for joint effusion with osteoarthritis of the knee.</p

Testing the isotropy of the dark energy Survey's extreme trans-neptunian objects

We test whether the population of "extreme"trans-Neptunian objects (eTNOs) detected in the first four years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES Y4) data exhibit azimuthal asymmetries that might be evidence of gravitational perturbations from an unseen super-Earth in a distant orbit. By rotating the orbits of the detected eTNOs, we construct a synthetic population that, when subject to the DES selection function, reproduces the detected distribution of eTNOs in the orbital elements a, e, and i as well as absolute magnitude H, but has uniform distributions in mean anomaly M, longitude of ascending node Ω, and argument of perihelion ω. We then compare the detected distributions in each of Ω, ω, and the longitude of perihelion {equation presented} to those expected from the isotropic population, using Kuiper's variant of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The three angles are tested for each of four definitions of the eTNO population, choosing among a > (150, 250) au and perihelion q > (30, 37) au. These choices yield 3-7 eTNOs in the DES Y4 sample. Among the 12 total tests, two have the likelihood of drawing the observed angles from the isotropic population at p 250 and q > 37 au and the four detections at a > 250 and q > 30 au have a Ω distribution with p ≈ 0.03 coming from the isotropic construction, but this is not strong evidence of anisotropy given the 12 different tests. The DES data taken on their own are thus consistent with azimuthal isotropy and do not require a "Planet 9"hypothesis. The limited sky coverage and object count mean, however, that the DES data by no means falsify this hypothesis

Testing the isotropy of the Dark Energy Survey's extreme trans-Neptunian objects

We test whether the population of "extreme" trans-Neptunian objects (eTNOs) detected in the Y4 Dark Energy Survey (DES) data exhibit azimuthal asymmetries which might be evidence of gravitational perturbations from an unseen super-Earth in a distant orbit. By rotating the orbits of the detected eTNOs, we construct a synthetic population which, when subject to the DES selection function, reproduces the detected distribution of eTNOs in the orbital elements $a,e,$ and $i$ as well as absolute magnitude $H$, but has uniform distributions in mean anomaly $M$, longitude of ascending node $\Omega,$ and argument of perihelion $\omega.$ We then compare the detected distributions in each of $\Omega, \omega,$ and $\varpi\equiv\Omega+\omega$ to those expected from the isotropic population, using Kuiper's variant of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The three angles are tested for each of 4 definitions of the eTNO population, choosing among $a>(150,250)$ AU and perihelion $q>(30,37)$ AU. These choices yield 3--7 eTNOs in the DES Y4 sample. Among the twelve total tests, two have the likelihood of drawing the observed angles from the isotropic population at $p250, q>37$ AU, and the 4 detections at $a>250, q>30$ AU, have $\Omega$ distribution with $p=0.03$ of coming from the isotropic construction, but this is not strong evidence of anisotropy given the 12 different tests. The DES data taken on their own are thus consistent with azimuthal isotropy and do not require a "Planet 9" hypothesis. The limited sky coverage and object count mean, however, that the DES data by no means falsify this hypothesis.Comment: Accepted on PS

Detailed multiwavelength modelling of the dark GRB 140713A and its host galaxy

We investigate the afterglow of GRB 140713A, a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected and relatively well sampled at X-ray and radio wavelengths, but was not present at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, despite searches to deep limits. We present the emission spectrum of the likely host galaxy at z = 0.935 ruling out a high-redshift explanation for the absence of the optical flux detection. Modelling the GRB multiwavelength afterglow using the radiative transfer hydrodynamics code boxfit provides constraints on physical parameters of the GRB jet and its environment, for instance a relatively wide jet opening angle and an electron energy distribution slope p below 2. Most importantly, the model predicts an optical flux about two orders of magnitude above the observed limits. We calculated that the required host extinction to explain the observed limits in the r, i, and z bands was A rm host-V gt 3.2 mag, equivalent to E(B ' V) host > 1.0 mag. From the X-ray absorption we derive that the GRB host extinction is A rm host-V = 11.6 +7.5-5.3 mag, equivalent to E(B-V) rm host = 3.7 +2.4-1.7 mag, which is consistent with the extinction required from our boxfit derived fluxes. We conclude that the origin of the optical darkness is a high level of extinction in the line of sight to the GRB, most likely within the GRB host galaxy. © 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society