Social Identity and the Mexican Community

The election of President Trump can be shown to negatively impact the Mexican community through social identity theory. Since his election, President Trump has passed policies controlling immigration and uses harmful language to describe Mexicans, such as rapists and criminals. To investigate the impact that the presidency has had on the Mexican Community the author choose to analyze this influence with social identity theory. Social identity theory proposes that individuals’ self-concept is based on their identification to their ingroup, and when this ingroup (Mexican) is viewed unfavorably by the outgroup (Anglo-American), negative social identity occurs. The author interviewed 16 participants that work and are students in a university and identify as Mexican or Mexican American. Findings support that there was a difference in the participants who experienced negative social identity. Those participants with American citizenship indicated to have negative social identity when they spoke about Trump’s Presidency and policies, however, those participants without American citizenship such as DACA recipients showed to be discouraged more so because of the uncertainty of their future with immigration policies, and not negative social identity. My hypothesis that negative social identity will influence motivation in lifestyle was not supported

Sharp measure contraction property for generalized H-type Carnot groups

We prove that H-type Carnot groups of rank $k$ and dimension $n$ satisfy the $\mathrm{MCP}(K,N)$ if and only if $K\leq 0$ and $N \geq k+3(n-k)$. The latter integer coincides with the geodesic dimension of the Carnot group. The same result holds true for the larger class of generalized H-type Carnot groups introduced in this paper, and for which we compute explicitly the optimal synthesis. This constitutes the largest class of Carnot groups for which the curvature exponent coincides with the geodesic dimension. We stress that generalized H-type Carnot groups have step 2, include all corank 1 groups and, in general, admit abnormal minimizing curves. As a corollary, we prove the absolute continuity of the Wasserstein geodesics for the quadratic cost on all generalized H-type Carnot groups.Comment: 18 pages. This article extends the results of arXiv:1510.05960. v2: revised and improved version. v3: final version, to appear in Commun. Contemp. Mat

X-ray sources and their optical counterparts in the globular cluster M 22

Using XMM-Newton EPIC imaging data, we have detected 50 low-luminosity X-ray sources in the field of view of M 22, where 5 +/- 3 of these sources are likely to be related to the cluster. Using differential optical photometry, we have identified probable counterparts to those sources belonging to the cluster. Using X-ray spectroscopic and timing studies, supported by the optical colours, we propose that the most central X-ray sources in the cluster are cataclysmic variables, millisecond pulsars, active binaries and a blue straggler. We also identify a cluster of galaxies behind this globular cluster.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Wilson Fermions and Axion Electrodynamics in Optical Lattices

The formulation of massless relativistic fermions in lattice gauge theories is hampered by the fundamental problem of species doubling, namely, the rise of spurious fermions modifying the underlying physics. A suitable tailoring of the fermion masses prevents such abundance of species, and leads to the so-called Wilson fermions. Here we show that ultracold atoms provide us with the first controllable realization of these paradigmatic fermions, thus generating a quantum simulator of fermionic lattice gauge theories. We describe a novel scheme that exploits laser-assisted tunneling in a cubic optical superlattice to design the Wilson fermion masses. The high versatility of this proposal allows us to explore a variety of interesting phases in three-dimensional topological insulators, and to test the remarkable predictions of axion electrodynamics.Comment: RevTex4 file, color figures, slightly longer than the published versio

First data on batch fecundity and relative fecundity of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) (Clupeidae) in the south-western Adriatic Sea

Se ha determinado por primera vez la fecundidad parcial y relativa de Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) en las aguas del bajo Adriático con el método de los ovocitos hidratados. Las muestras han sido recogidas de la propia flota comercial y de embarcaciones alquiladas y equipadas con red de arrastre pelágico a la pareja, red de arrastre semipelágico a la pareja o red de cerco con jareta durante el periodo de reproducción. Se han estudiado diferentes modelos de regresión entre la fecundidad parcial y el peso de las hembras sin ovarios. El mejor ajuste corresponde a una regresión lineal. Se ha calculado también la fecundidad relativa (número de ovocitos por gramo de hembra sin ovarios) y se ha confrontado con la de otros clupeiformes.The batch fecundity and relative fecundity of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) have been determined for the first time in the waters of the Lower Adriatic Sea using the hydrated oocyte method. The samples were collected from the commercial fleet and chartered boats equipped with midwater pair trawls, midwater otter trawls and purse seine during the reproductive period. Various regression models were studied, to express the relationship between the batch fecundity and the weight of ovary-free females. The linear model proved to be the best one, because of its simplicity. Relative batch fecundity (number of hydrated oocytes per gram from ovary-free females) was also studied, and compared with that of other clupeiforms.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Inelastic electron injection in a water chain

Irradiation of biological matter triggers a cascade of secondary particles that interact with their surroundings, resulting in damage. Low-energy electrons are one of the main secondary species and electron-phonon interaction plays a fundamental role in their dynamics. We have developed a method to capture the electron-phonon inelastic energy exchange in real time and have used it to inject electrons into a simple system that models a biological environment, a water chain. We simulated both an incoming electron pulse and a steady stream of electrons and found that electrons with energies just outside bands of excited molecular states can enter the chain through phonon emission or absorption. Furthermore, this phonon-assisted dynamical behaviour shows great sensitivity to the vibrational temperature, highlighting a crucial controlling factor for the injection and propagation of electrons in water