ANALISA ALUN ALUN KOTA TEGAL 1

Alun-alun merupakan pengucapan Jawa dari kata ”Allaun” yang berasal dari Bahasa Arab kemudian diulang dua kali menjadi dwilingga (kata ulang) yang artinya:beragam atau banyak warna (Umar Hasyim, Sunan Kalijaga,1982). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa alun-alun merupakan tempat berkumpulnya manusia dari berbagai golongan (raja dengan rakyat). Ruang terbuka berperan penting dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, terutama aspek sosial masyarakat kota secara luas. Ruang terbuka umum merupakan tempat penting untuk melakukan kegiatan fungsional maupun aktivitas insidentil yang mempertemukan sekelompok masyarakat dalam keramaian yang sifatnya periodik (Car,1992:ix). Dengan sifatnya yang dinamis, ruang terbuka umum merupakan bagian penting dari kehidupan sosial masyarakat,dan penyediaannya merupakan keperluan mendesak dalam suatu kota (Car,1992: 3). Ruang terbuka umum dapat memberikan berbagai manfaat untuk sebuah kota, baik manfaat fisik maupun sosial. Secara fisik dan visual, ruang terbuka dibutuhkan untuk memberikan keindahan dan udara segar diantara padatnya bangunan dan tingginya intensitas kegiatan masyarakat . Selain itu dengan komponen atau obyek didalamnya, ruang terbuka kota dapat menyampaikan pesan secara fungsional, simbolis, dan persuasif kepada masyarakat. Manfaatnya akan lebih banyak bila ruang terbuka tersebut dapat mengkomunikasikan nilai sejarah budaya ( Trancik,1986:86). Oleh karena itu, ruang terbuka terutama yang berskala kota harus mengupayakan preservasi didalamnya, baik terhadap komponen sejarah , budaya, maupun alam

Cumulative Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia

Conditional cash transfers provide income and promote human capital investments. Yet evaluating their longitudinal impacts is hard, as most experimental evaluations treat control locations after a few years. We examine such impacts in Indonesia after six years, where the program rollout left the experiment largely intact. We find static effects on many targeted indicators: childbirth using trained professionals increased dramatically, and under-15 children not in school fell by half. We observe impacts requiring cumulative investments: stunting fell by 23 percent. While human capital accumulation increased, the transfers did not lead to transformative economic change for recipient households

Caretakers' perceptions and willingness‐to‐pay for complementary food in urban and rural Cambodia

Abstract Inadequate child nutrition during the first ‘1000 days’ is widespread in Cambodia, resulting in a high prevalence of child malnutrition. Access to processed complementary food in packages (PCFP) may support caretakers in improving diet of young children. This study aimed to evaluate the caretakers' preferences and willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for PCFP in Cambodia. The study was conducted in urban and rural settings, involving 520 caretakers with children aged 7–24 months in Phnom Penh (urban) and Prey Veng (rural). Four PCFPs were included: a commercial brand, a social‐commercial brand, a worldwide distributed fortified complementary food aid product (CSB++) and an experimental fortified rice‐and‐fish‐based PCFP developed in Cambodia (WF‐L). Sensory analysis was conducted for all products, stated WTP was assessed for three products (excluding CSB++) and actual WTP experiment was conducted on WF‐L only. Our results show that overall, WF‐L was preferred by the rural participants over food aid CSB++. Further improvements in the organoleptic qualities of WF‐L should focus on consistency and taste. The participants were, on average, willing to pay 1,667 Cambodian riel (KHR, $0.4) and 1,192 KHR ($0.3) in urban and rural settings, respectively, for 35 g of WF‐L. We also found that despite being nutritionally inadequate, most participants considered homemade porridge to be healthier, more practical and preferred by the children. Therefore improving the quality of homemade foods merits urgent consideration. When applying PCFP in nutrition programmes as a supplementary option to homemade complementary foods, locally produced products could be a more viable supplementary option than global food aid