A 454 survey of the community composition and core microbiome of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, reveals significant microbial community structure across an urban landscape

Elucidating the spatial dynamic and core constituents of the microbial communities found in association with arthropod hosts is of crucial importance for insects that may vector human or agricultural pathogens. The hematophagous Cimex lectularius, known as the common bed bug, has made a recent resurgence in North America, as well as worldwide, potentially owing to increased travel and resistance to insecticides. A comprehensive survey of the bed bug microbiome has not been performed to date, nor has an assessment of the spatial dynamics of its microbiome. Here we present a survey of bed bug microbial communities by amplifying the V4-V6 hypervariable region of the 16S rDNA gene region followed by 454 Titanium sequencing using 31 individuals from eight natural populations collected from residences in Cincinnati, OH. Across all samples, 97% of the microbial community is made up of two dominant OTUs identified as the {\alpha}-proteobacterium Wolbachia and an unnamed {\gamma}-proteobacterium from the Enterobacteriaceae. Microbial communities varied among host populations for measures of community diversity and exhibited significant population structure. We also uncovered a strong negative correlation in the abundance of the two dominant OTUs, suggesting they may fulfill similar roles as nutritional mutualists. This broad survey represents the most comprehensive assessment, to date, of the microbes that associate with bed bugs, and uncovers evidence for potential antagonism between the two dominant members of the bed bug microbiome

Sikap keuangan, tingkat pendidikan, dan perilaku manajemen keuangan UMKM: Efek moderasi pengetahuan keuangan

The purpose of this study is to see how the influence of financial attitudes, education level on financial management behavior with financial knowledge as a moderating variable. The sample used in this study was 105 SMEs in the city of Salatiga, using the probability sampling technique. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire, the tool used is partial least square (PLS). The results of this study indicate that financial attitudes and education level have a positive and significant effect on financial management behavior. Financial knowledge does not moderate the effect of financial attitude and education levels on financial management. So to improve the financial management behavior of MSME actors, it is necessary to improve financial and education levels. SMEs in Salatiga need to increase their financial experience through job training and work experience to enhance their financial attitude.AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji bagaimana pengaruh sikap keuangan, tingkat pendidikan terhadap perilaku manajemen keuangan dengan pengetahuan keuangan sebagai variabel moderasi. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaku UMKM di kota Salatiga sebanyak 105 orang, dengan menggunakan teknik probability sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, sementara teknik analisis menggunakan partial least square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sikap keuangan dan tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku manajemen keuangan. Pengetahuan keuangan tidak memoderasi pengaruh sikap keuangan dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap perilaku manajemen keuangan. Untuk meningkatkan perilaku manajemen keuangan yang baik di kalangan pelaku UMKM, perlu ditingkatkan sikap keuangan yang positif, serta pentingnya latar belakang pendidikan yang memadai. Meningkatkan sikap keuangan perlu dilakukan oleh pelaku UMKM kota Salatiga dengan cara meningkatkan pengalaman keuangan melalui pelatihan kerja maupun pengalaman kerj

Intermediate age related macular degeneration - noninvasive multimodal analysis and longitudinal study

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is an important cause of irreversible visual impairment, secondary to degenerative macular disorder. AMD can compromise central vision, essential for reading and for recognizing small details. Currently we recognize three stages in AMD: early, intermediate and late stage. Early AMD is characterized by the presence of medium (≥63μm and ≤125μm) drusen with no associated pigmentary abnormalities and intermediate AMD (iAMD) is characterized by the presence of large (>125μm) drusen associated or not with pigmentary abnormalities. Advanced or late AMD can be atrophic or neovascular, with death of photoreceptors associated or not with macular neovascularization. Intermediate stage is a common pathway to more advanced forms of the disease and has, recently, been arousing special interest as a field of AMD investigation. Althought some progress is being made towards a treatment for atrophic AMD no subsequent visual improvement can yet be obtained. Early and intermediate AMD stages have no preventive effective treatment besides general recommendations as eating healthfully, taking vitamin supplements, and not smoking. On the other hand, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies with repeated intravitreal administrations are a proven therapeutic option to control exudative disease. AMD pathophysiology has some known factors (age, genetics, smoke and nutrition) and some others are still under debate. There is a documented genetic background with genes encoding complement system, high-density lipoprotein metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and cell survival. High risk genetic variants linked to AMD are found in the genes related complement system proteins (complement factor I, complement C2, C3, C9, and CFH). Other possible implicating factors identified as predictors for AMD development are human high-temperature requirement A-1 (HTRA1) and Age-related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) as well as other rare genetic variants. It seems possible that still other unknown elements may be involved not only in AMD pathophysiology but also in its progression. In this study we focus the issue on possible factors involved in AMD pathophysiology or in its progression. We propose to study iAMD patients, with follow-up visits every six months for two consecutive years, in a non-interventional prospective way. These patients will undergo a complete ophthalmologic evaluation and retinal imaging including Color Fundus Photography (CFP), Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF), Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), OCT-Angiography (OCT-A) using Spectralis OCT with OCT Angiography Module (Heidelberg Eng. GmbH, Germany) at the baseline and during the follow-up period. Multimodal retinal imaging is used to explore biomarkers of disease progression. We studied imaging aspects of the macula of iAMD patients and hypothesized their relationship with the disease pathophysiology and with progression to advanced disease. The study develops in three lines of clinical investigation: fundus autofluorescence findings, chorioretinal vascular findings and finally identification of other disease progression biomarkers. Fundus autofluorescence findings - Drusen autofluorescence was correlated with drusen type and morphology and with additional outer retinal structural changes on SD-OCT. We found a statistically significant correlation between drusen autofluorescence (AF) and homogeneity, hyperreflective foci (HRF), external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity, ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity, and choroidal hypertransmission (CH). All correlations were weak or moderate and no strong correlations were found with any parameter. These findings support the concept that drusen and lipofuscin emerge from biologic processes directly unrelated, both meaning RPE metabolic overload, and raise the hypothesis that FAF can be useful in monitoring iAMD patients. Further we found a statistically significant difference in the rate of progression to advanced AMD between patients with hypo and/or hyperautofluorescent drusen and patients with only isoautofluorescent drusen. Moreover, progression to geographic atrophy (GA) alone was significantly superior in patients with at least one hypo or hyperfluorescent drusen, meaning a more benign prognosis for isoautofluorescent drusen. Chorioretinal vascular findings - A non-interventional prospective study was conducted to evaluate choroidal and retinal vascular parameters in iAMD patients. We found significant differences concerning total subfoveal choroidal area, luminal area and choriocapillaris flow density in iAMD compared with age matched control eyes. No apparent relationship was found between those quantitative vascular parameters and progression to late AMD. Identification of other disease progression biomarkers - Prospective non-interventional study to investigate and characterize drusen, HRF and other OCT features (presence of incomplete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy, and EZ status) as biomarkers of disease progression. A risk prediction model for progression to late AMD was calculated, with estimates of odds ratio of each significant variable. The combination of incomplete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) and EZ disruption constitute a high risk of progression to complete retinal epithelial and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) within two years. We further perform a retrospective analysis of data from a longitudinal study concerning nonexudative macular neovascularization and progression to exudative AMD; its ocorrence was found in 23.5% in the follow-up period, most frequently in younger patients, in eyes with foveal NE membranes and presenting exudative AMD in the fellow eye. The findings reported in this Thesis have the potential to contribute to AMD pathophysiology knowledge, exploring and understanding imaging retinal or choroidal biomarkers. This information could inspire investigators and clinicians in the prevention of disease progression and in the identification of potential treatment pathways, effective in early stages of AMD

Determinants of Decisions to Implement Digital Payments for MSME Actors: A Study of Technological, Organizational, and Environmental Theory

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an essential role in the Indonesian economy. However, many MSME actors, particularly those in Salatiga City, have yet to integrate digital payments in their business operations. This study aims to identify the influence of technological aspect (perceived benefits of implementing the digital payments), organizational aspect (length of business operations), and environmental aspect (the presence of competitors) on the MSME actors’ decisions to implement  the digital payments in Salatiga City using the Technological, Organizational, and Environmental (TOE) Theory. By employing the logit regression analysis, the results of this study demonstrate that the TOE theory does not completely apply to the MSME actors’ decision-making behavior of implementing the digital payments in Salatiga City. Further, this study highlights that only the perceived benefits of implementing the digital payments of the technological aspect which have a positive and significant influence on the MSME actors’ decisions to implement the digital payments IN Salatiga City. Meanwhile, the organizational aspect of technology infrastructure and length of business operations, and the environmental aspect of the presence of competitors have been confirmed to have no influence. The policy implications of these findings suggest the government as the stakeholders to adopt policies related to the issues in implementing the digital payments and the Bank Indonesia program towards a cashless society in 2025, and there is a need to increase digital literacy for the MSME actors in Salatiga City to remain competitive in this increasingly fast era of technology advancement

Pengaruh Program KUR dan BLT terhadap Kinerja UMKM dengan Strategi Diferensiasi sebagai Variabel Mediasi

This study aims to examine the impact of the Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) and Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) programs on the performance of MSMEs through differentiating mediation strategies. This study involved SMEs in Salatiga City using a purposive sampling method to purchase samples. Data is processed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The reported findings are that the KUR and BLT programs have a significant positive effect on the differentiation strategy and also on the performance of MSMEs. It is also proven that differences in strategy mediate the effect of the KUR and BLT programs on MSME performance. This can be a reference for MSME actors to increase capital in a business by wisely using the KUR and/or BLT programs to support the implementation of a differentiation strategy to improve operations

Karakteristik Komite Audit Dan Audit Report Lag: Studi Empiris Di Indonesia

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Keahlian keuangan komite audit, ukuran komite audit, gender komite audit dan pertemuan komite audit terhadap audit report lag di perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia tahun 2016-2018. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di bursa efek indonesia tahun 2016-2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan kriteria-kriteria tertentu sehingga terpilih 60 perusahaan. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah studi Pustaka dan akses internet. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keahlian keuangan komite audit, ukuran komite audit, dan pertemuan komite audit berpengaruh terhadap audit report lag sementara gender komite audit belum dapat berkontribusi untuk memengaruhi audit report lag dalam penelitian ini

PENGARUH SLOW DEEP BREATHING DALAM MENURUNKAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI DESA PRAMBATAN LOR

Abstrak Latar Belakang : Hipertensi adalah permasalahan pada sirkulasi darah yang ditandai dengan peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik diatas 130 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik di atas 80 mmHg. Jika pasien hipertensi tidak dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dalam batas normal, maka akan terjadi komplikasi seperti gagal jantung, stroke, dan gagal ginjal. Oleh karena itu upaya untuk menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi harus dilakukan secara aman dan nyaman untuk pasien hipertensi.Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh terapi Slow Deep Breathing terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di Desa Prambatan Lor Kudus.Metode : Rancangan penelitian ini adalah eksperimen quasy experiment non equivalent control group design. Populasi adalah penderita hipertensi di Desa Prambatan Lor Kudus. Sampel sebanyak 32 responden berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi secara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan sphygmomanometer . Hal ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxcon dengan tingkat signifikan α <0,05.Kesimpulan : Ada pengaruh yang bermakna dalam pemberian Slow Deep Breathing terhadap penurunan tekanan darah kelompok Intervensi sebesar p.0,002. Tidak ada pengaruh yang bermakna dalam komunikasi terapeutik terhadap penurunan tekanan darah kelompok kontrol sebesar 0.0,083.AbstractBackground: Hypertension is a result of blood circulation problem, which is characterized by an increase in systolic blood pressure above 130 mmHg and diastolic pressure above 80 mmHg. If the hypertensive patient cannot control blood pressure within normal limits complications such as heart failure, stroke, and kidney failure will occur. Therefore, efforts to reduce high blood pressure must be carried out safely and comfortably for hypertensive patients. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to analyze the influence slow deep breathing toward the change of blood pressure on hypertension’s patient at prambatan lor village kudus . Methods: The design of this research was quasy experiment non equivalent control group design. Population was the Primary hypertension’s patient at prambatan lor village kudus The samples were 32 respondents based on inclusion and exclusion criterion on purposive sampling. The data was collected using mercurial sphygmomanometer. It was analyzed using wilcoxcon test with significant level α < 0.05. Conclusion : The conclusion There are significant influence of  slow deep breathing therapy toward the change of blood pressure of the Intervention group with p value = 0,002. There was no significant effect in therapeutic communication on the control group's blood pressure with p value = 0.083

The Effects of Equity Crowdfunding and Business Partnership Relationships on Business Performance: A Study on MSMEs Registered in Santara

This study aims to examine the effects of equity crowdfunding and business partnership relationships on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, there are still relatively few studies that discuss the relationship between these variables and business performance. These findings can add a reference to studies in the field of entrepreneurial finance, especially regarding equity crowdfunding for MSMEs. The analysis used was a multiple linear regression approach which was processed with SPSS 26.0 software. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method. The data was obtained through the distribution of online questionnaires to 83 MSMEs registered in an application that is active in the fintech equity crowdfunding field called Santara. The study proved that equity crowdfunding has a significant positive effect on the performance of MSMEs, and the business partnership relationship has a significant positive effect on the performance of MSMEs. Equity crowdfunding is an alternative for MSMEs to obtain business capital other than bank loans. In addition, establishing a partnership will have a positive impact on business progress if it is carried out with the principle of mutual strengthening, needs, and benefits between parties

Determinan Peluang Investasi di Sektor Farmasi yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2015-2019

This study analyzed how profitability, business activity and business life cycle affect investment opportunity set (IOS). The population included all manufacturing companies in the pharmaceutical sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2015-2019 period, out of which 8 (eight) companies were sampled. Dummy regression analysis was performed usingSPSS software to analyze the data. The results indicated that this study stated that ROI had a positive and significant influence on MBVA. The contribution of independent variables to MBVA was 28.5 percent, and the remaining 71.5 percent were affected by variables that were not included in this study

The determinants of corporate hedging policy : a case study from Indonesia

Looking at general, the company will hedge when the amount of foreign debt rises along with fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. However, this is not the case with the non-financial sector companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange, which shows a decrease in the use of derivative instruments compared to financial sector companies during the period 2014-2016. Τhe study aims to analyze the effect of internal factors on hedging policies through the use of derivative instruments in nonfinancial companies in the period 2014-2016, by putting the firm size as a control variable. The logistic regression analysis is used to test the antecedents of the hedging policy from the selected sample. The result shows that the liquidity and cash flow volatility have a significant positive effect on the use of derivative instruments. Meanwhile, dividend payout ratio, managerial ownership, leverage and the growth opportunity have no significant effect on hedging policy.peer-reviewe