Estudio de polimorfismos genéticos asociados con la inhibición global y selectiva de respuestas

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 27/01/2021. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)This doctoral dissertation titled “Study of genetic polymorphisms associated with global and selective response inhibition” delves into the study of the genetic correlates of these two types of inhibition. Global or simple response inhibition refers to the ability to suppress a single planned or already initiated motor response after the appearance of a single stop stimulus, and previous studies show that it is at least partially heritable. Its genetic basis has been studied mainly through association studies of candidate polymorphisms in genes linked to dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline neurotransmission. These studies yield contradictory results, in that associations found have not always been replicated, or even occur in opposite directions. On the other hand, selective response inhibition refers to the ability to suppress a response to some specific stimuli and continue to emit it to other stimuli. It has recently been observed that participants can adopt various strategies to complete selective response inhibition tasks, some of which are characterized by selective inhibition to some stimuli and not others as theoretically expected, but others by indiscriminate inhibition to all stimuli. To our knowledge, the genetic correlates of selective inhibition have not been explored until now. Therefore, the first objective of this doctoral dissertation was to systematically review and meta-analyse previous literature to identify which candidate polymorphisms of the monoaminergic pathways are associated with behavioural correlates of global response inhibition, in adult and non-clinical populations. These correlates are the percentage of commission errors derived from Go/No-Go tasks and the Stop-Signal Reaction Time (or SSRT) derived from Stop-Signal tasks. The second objective has been to examine for the first time the genetic correlates of selective response inhibition in an experimental study with adult and non-clinical populations. This study focused on dopaminergic polymorphisms due to a stronger theoretical rationale involving dopamine as an essential neurotransmitter for the function of brain areas possibly required for selective inhibition (such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the striatum)...La presente tesis doctoral titulada “Estudio de polimorfismos genéticos asociados con la inhibición global y selectiva de respuestas” profundiza en el estudio de los correlatos genéticos de estos dos tipos de inhibición. La inhibición global o simple de la respuesta se refiere a la capacidad de suprimir una única respuesta motora planeada o ya iniciada tras la aparición de un único estímulo de parada, y estudios previos demuestran que es al menos parcialmente heredable. Su base genética se ha estudiado sobre todo a través de estudios de asociación de polimorfismos candidatos en genes vinculados con la neurotransmisión de la dopamina, serotonina y noradrenalina. Estos estudios obtienen datos contradictorios, en tanto que las asociaciones encontradas no siempre se han replicado, o incluso ocurren en dirección opuesta. Por otra parte, la inhibición selectiva de respuestas se refiere a la capacidad para suprimir una respuesta ante determinados estímulos, pero continuar emitiéndola ante otros. Se ha observado recientemente que los participantes pueden adoptar diversas estrategias para completar las tareas de inhibición selectiva de respuesta, algunas de las cuales se caracterizan por inhibir selectivamente ante unos estímulos y no otros como se esperaría teóricamente, pero otras por inhibir indiscriminadamente ante todos los estímulos. Los correlatos genéticos de la inhibición selectiva no han sido explorados hasta ahora, según nuestro conocimiento. Por lo tanto, el primer objetivo de esta tesis doctoral fue realizar una revisión sistemática y meta-analítica de la literatura previa para conocer qué polimorfismos candidatos de las vías monoaminérgicas se asocian con correlatos conductuales de la inhibición global de la respuesta en población adulta. Estos correlatos son el porcentaje de errores de comisión derivado de las tareas tipo Go/No-Go y el tiempo estimado de inhibición (SSRT por sus siglas en inglés) derivado de las tareas tipo Stop-Signal. El segundo objetivo fue examinar, por primera vez, los correlatos genéticos de la inhibición selectiva de respuestas en un estudio experimental con población adulta. Este estudio se centró en polimorfismos dopaminérgicos debido a una mayor fundamentación teórica que implica a la dopamina como neurotransmisor esencial en el funcionamiento de áreas cerebrales posiblemente requeridas para la inhibición selectiva (como la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral y el estriado)...Fac. de PsicologíaTRUEunpu

Una propuesta de intervención para la etapa de Educación Infantil

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende reflejar la importancia de la educación musical en la etapa de Educación Infantil y su aplicación de forma transversal, principalmente en relación con la educación corporal y motriz. El documento presenta un marco teórico con el que fundamentar la propuesta de intervención diseñada. Esta propuesta ha sido llevada a cabo dentro de un aula de Educación Infantil y su finalidad es la de favorecer progresivamente el desarrollo musical y corporal del alumnado.This Final Degree Project aims to reflect the importance of music education in the Early Childhood Education stage and its application in a transversal way, mainly in relation to body and motor education. The document presents a theoretical framework on which to base the intervention proposal designed. This proposal has been carried out in an Early Childhood Education classroom and its purpose is to progressively favor the musical and corporal development of the students.Departamento de Didáctica de la Expresión Musical, Plástica y CorporalGrado en Educación Infanti

Turismo Rural en Asturias: un análisis estadístico

Con este trabajo se ha intentado hacer un análisis del Turismo Rural en Asturias, tanto por la demanda como por la oferta utilizando la Encuesta de Alojamientos de Turismo Rural facilitada por el INE.Grado en Turism

On the effect of thin film growth mechanisms on the specular reflectance of aluminum thin films deposited via filtered cathodic vacuum arc

The optimisation of the specular reflectance of solar collectors is a key parameter to increase the global yield of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. In this work, the influence of filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition parameters, particularly working pressure and deposition time, on the specular and diffuse reflectance of aluminium thin films, was studied. Changes in specular reflectance, measured by ultraviolet–visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (UV-vis-NIR) spectro photometry, were directly correlated with thin film elemental concentration depth profiles, obtained by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and surface and cross-sectional morphologies as measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry. Finally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) provided information on the roughness and growth mechanism of the films. The two contributions to the total reflectance of the films, namely diffuse and specular reflectance, were found to be deeply influenced by deposition conditions. It was proven that working pressure and deposition time directly determine the predominant factor. Specular reflectance varied from 12 to 99.8% of the total reflectance for films grown at the same working pressure of 0.1 Pa and with different deposition times. This transformation could not be attributed to an oxidation of the films as stated by RBS, but was correlated with a progressive modification of the roughness, surface, and bulk morphology of the samples over the deposition time. Hence, the evolution in the final optical properties of the films is driven by different growth mechanisms and the resulting microstructures. In addition to the originally addressed CSP applications the potential of the developed aluminium films for other application rather than CSP, such as, for example, reference material for spectroscopic diffuse reflectance measurements, is also discussed

A theoretical investigation of the diradical character and cyclophane formation in π-conjugated diradicals.

π-Conjugated diradical compounds which feature unpaired electrons in the ground state are essential for understanding the nature of chemical bonds and have potential applications in material science1. In fact, an important research effort by our group has been directed towards carbazole-based diradicaloids2, aiming to explore how external stimuli impacts on supramolecular organization, and thus on the resulting optical and electronic properties. Thanks to this research, we have demonstrated that these materials are potential building blocks for dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC)3. In our present work, we wanted to explore beyond carbazole-based diradicals and analyse what would be the diradical character after modification of the chemical structure of the carbazole skeleton. For this purpose, we will analyse the structural and electronic properties of carbazole-based diradicals after the following chemical modifications: (i) heteroatom substitution, (ii) core elongation and (iii) insertion of donor/acceptor groups. In addition, the effect of the heteroatom substitution on the dynamic interconversion between the monomer and cyclophane aggregates will be also investigated.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Étude du style d’Erik Orsenna et du mode Subjonctif dans Les Chevaliers du subjonctif.

Ce travail se présente comme une approche du style d’Erik Orsenna, un écrivain assez éclectique dont ses romans sont un grand témoignage de sa passion pour la langue française. Au moyen de singulières histoires, cet auteur essaye de rendre plus séduisant l’apprentissage de la grammaire aux enfants car elle est le plus souvent apprise sans envie à cause des approches plutôt techniques. Nous mettons l’accent sur l’œuvre Les Chevaliers du Subjonctif (2004), dans laquelle il s’oriente notamment sur l’étude du mode subjonctif (comme le propre titre laisse entrevoir). Il est un mode relativement complexe, de sorte que nous entamons une étude contrastive de ce mode-ci en français et en espagnol à partir d’une traduction personnelle de deux passages du roman. Nous démontrons d’une part que l’approche particulière d’Orsenna de la grammaire séduit, et d’autre part, que le français et l’espagnol partagent de nombreux cas d’emploi, ainsi que des divergences vraiment notables, en ce qui concerne ce mode singulier de conjugaison. <br /

Study of overall and local electrochemical responses of oxide films grown on CoCr alloy under biological environments

The interaction of the physiological medium and living tissues with the implant surfaces in biological environments is regulated by biopotentials that induce changes in the chemical composition, structure and thickness of the oxide film. In this work, oxide films grown on CoCr alloys at 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl and 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl have been characterized through overall and localized electrochemical techniques in a phosphate buffer solution and 0.3% hyaluronic acid. Nanopores of 10–50 nm diameter are homogeneously distributed along the surface in the oxide film formed at 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl. The distribution of the Constant Phase Element studied by local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a three-dimensional (3D) model on the oxide films grown at 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl and 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl. This behaviour is especially noticeable in oxide films grown at 0.7 V vs Ag/AgCl, probably due to surface inhomogeneities, and resistive properties generated by the potentiostatic growth of the oxide film.This work was supported by the Spanish National government [MINECO-MAT2011-29152-C02-01].Peer reviewe

Effect of a multicomponent exercise program and cognitive stimulation (VIVIFRAIL-COGN) on falls in frail community older persons with high risk of falls: study protocol for a randomized multicenter control trial

Cognitive function; Falls; FracturesFunción cognitiva; Caídas; FracturasFunció cognitiva; Caigudes; FracturesBackground Falls represent important drivers of intrinsic capacity losses, functional limitations and reduced quality of life in the growing older adult’s population, especially among those presenting with frailty. Despite exercise- and cognitive training-based interventions have shown effectiveness for reducing fall rates, evidence around their putative cumulative effects on falls and fall-related complications (such as fractures, reduced quality of life and functional limitations) in frail individuals remains scarce. The main aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness program combining an individualized exercise program and an executive function-based cognitive training (VIVIFRAIL-COGN) compared to usual care in the prevention of falls and fall-related outcomes over a 1-year follow-up. Methods This study is designed as a four-center randomized clinical trial with a 12-week intervention period and an additional 1-year follow-up. Three hundred twenty frail or pre-frail (≥ 1 criteria of the Frailty Phenotype) older adults (≥ 75 years) with high risk of falling (defined by fall history and gait performance) will be recruited in the Falls Units of the participating centers. They will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention group (IG) or the control group (CG). The IG will participate in a home-based intervention combining the individualized Vivifrail multicomponent (aerobic, resistance, gait and balance and flexibility) exercise program and a personalized executive function-based cognitive training (VIVIFRAIL-COGN). The CG group will receive usual care delivered in the Falls Units, including the Otago Exercise Program. Primary outcome will be the incidence of falls (event rate/year) and will be ascertained by self-report during three visits (at baseline, and 6 and 12 weeks) and telephone-based contacts at 6, 9 and 12 months after randomization. Secondarily, effects on measures of physical and cognitive function, quality of life, nutritional, muscle quality and psychological status will be evaluated. Discussion This trial will provide new evidence about the effectiveness of an individualized multidomain intervention by studying the effect of additive effects of cognitive training and physical exercise to prevent falls in older frail persons with high risk of falling. Compared to usual care, the combined intervention is expected to show additive effects in the reduction of the incidence of falls and associated adverse outcomes.The present study is funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI20/01546). Funder Agencies do not play any role in the conducting of the study. Instituto de Salud Carlos III,PI20/01546,Alvaro Casas-Herrer

Ti-based robust MOFs in the combined photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic contaminants.

Photocatalysis process is a promising technology for environmental remediation. In the continuous search of new heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a new type of photoactive materials for water remediation. Particularly, titanium-based MOFs (Ti-MOFs) are considered one of the most appealing subclass of MOFs due to their promising optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties, high chemical stability, and unique structural features. However, considering the limited information of the reported studies, it is a hard task to determine if real-world water treatment is attainable using Ti-MOF photocatalysts. In this paper, via a screening with several Ti-MOFs, we originally selected and described the potential of a Ti-MOF in the photodegradation of a mixture of relevant Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs) in real water. Initially, two challenging drugs (i.e., the β-blocker atenolol (At) and the veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMT)) and four water stable and photoactive Ti-MOF structures have been rationally selected. From this initial screening, the mesoporous Ti-trimesate MIL-100(Ti) was chosen as the most promising photocatalyst, with higher At or SMT individual photodegradation (100% of At and SMT photodegradation in 2 and 4 h, respectively). Importantly, the safety of the formed by-products from the At and SMT photodegradation was confirmed. Finally, the At and SMT photodegradation capacity of MIL-100(Ti) was confirmed under realistic conditions, by using a mixture of contaminants in tap drinking water (100% of At and SMT photodegradation in 4 h), proven in addition its potential recyclability, which reinforces the potential of MIL-100(Ti) in water remediation

The development of selective stopping: qualitative and quantitative changes from childhood to early adulthood

Although progress has been made in elucidating the behavioral and neural development of global stopping across the lifespan, little is known about the development of selective stopping. This more complex form of inhibitory control is required in real-world situations where ongoing responses must be inhibited to certain stimuli but not others, and can be assessed in laboratory settings using a stimulus selective stopping task. Here we used this task to investigate the qualitative and quantitative developmental changes in selective stopping in a large-scale cross-sectional study with three different age groups (children, preadolescents, and young adults). We found that the ability to stop a response selectively to some stimuli (i.e., use a selective strategy) rather than non-selectively to all presented stimuli (i.e., use a global, non-selective strategy) is fully mature by early preadolescence, and remains stable afterwards at least until young adulthood. By contrast, the efficiency or speed of stopping (indexed by a shorter stop-signal reaction time or SSRT) continues to mature throughout adolescence until young adulthood, both for global and selective implementations of stopping. We also provide some preliminary findings regarding which other task variables beyond the strategy and SSRT predicted age group status. Premature responding (an index of “waiting impulsivity”) and post-ignore slowing (an index of cognitive control) were among the most relevant predictors in discriminating between developmental age groups. Although present results need to be confirmed and extended in longitudinal studies, they provide new insights into the development of a relevant form of inhibitory controlThis work was supported by grants PSI2017-84922-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) and SI1/PJI/2019-00061 (Comunidad de Madrid, Spain; V PRICIT