A Agenda 2030 e a Cooperação Sul-Sul: O papel do Fundo IBAS na implementação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável em Santa Lúcia (2015-2018)

This paper analyzes the role of the India, Brazil and South Africa Facility for Poverty and Hunger Alleviation (IBSA Fund) in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Drawing lessons from the IBSA Fund project “Poverty Reduction through Livestock Development” in Saint Lucia, we highlight the advantages of South-South cooperation as a means of implementing the 2030 Agenda.Esse artigo analisa o papel do Fundo IBAS para o Alívio da Fome e Pobreza na implementação dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. A partir do projeto do Fundo IBAS em Santa Lúcia, intitulado “Redução da pobreza por meio do desenvolvimento pecuário”, enfatizamos as vantagens e os desafios em usar a cooperação Sul-Sul como um meio de implementação da Agenda 2030

Effect of the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl and high pressure on the activity of cellulase

The effect of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) and of high pressure on the activity of cellulase from Aspergillus niger were studied separately and in combination. The enzyme activity decreased with increasing concentrations of [bmim]Cl, reaching 50% the value in aqueous buffer with 20% [bmim]Cl. However, when the enzyme is held in 10% [bmim]Cl and is then assayed in 1% [bmim]Cl, it showed only 8% reduction of activity. These results can be explained by the fact that the activity of the enzyme in [bmim]Cl is linearly correlated with the decrease of the thermodynamic water activity (aw). Under pressure the enzyme activity varied from less 60% (at 200MPa) to equal (at 400 MPa), compared to atmospheric pressure. In 10% [bmim]Cl under pressure, cellulase activity is improved compared to atmospheric pressure, varying from equal (at 600 MPa) to 1.7-fold higher (at 100 MPa). This opens the possibility to improve cellulase activity in ionic liquids, and possibly of other enzymes, by carrying out the reaction under pressure

2010 report of the Brazilian dialysis census

INTRODUCTION: National chronic dialysis data are fundamental for treatment planning. OBJECTIVE: To report data of the annual survey of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology about patients with chronic renal failure who were on dialysis in 1 July, 2010. METHODS: A national survey based on data from the country's dialysis centers. Data collection was performed by using a questionnaire filled out online by the dialysis centers. RESULTS: 340 (53.3%) centers answered the questionnaire. National data were estimated for the overall dialysis population. In July 2010, the estimated total number of patients on dialysis was 92,091. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of end-stage chronic kidney disease patients on maintenance dialysis were 483 and 100/million population, respectively. The estimated number of patients starting a dialysis program in 2010 was 18,972. The annual crude mortality rate was 17.9%. Of those on maintenance dialysis, 30.7% were aged 65 years or older, 90.6% were on hemodialysis and 9.4% on peritoneal dialysis, 35,639 (38.7%) were on a kidney transplant waiting list, 28% were diabetics, 34.5% had serum phosphorus levels > 5.5 mg/dL, and 38.5% had hemoglobin levels 5,5 mg/dL e 38,5%, hemoglobina < 11 g/dL. O cateter venoso era usado como acesso vascular em 13,6% dos pacientes em hemodiálise. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de pacientes em diálise tem apresentado aumento progressivo. Os dados dos indicadores da qualidade diálise de manutenção melhoraram em relação a 2009 e destacam a importância do censo anual para o planejamento da assistência dialítica.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de MedicinaUniversidade Federal da Bahia Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Departamento de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Medicina InternaUniversidade Federal Fluminense Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Medicina ClínicaFaculdade de Medicina do ABC Departamento de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de MedicinaSciEL

Brazilian Chronic Dialysis Survey 2013 - Trend analysis between 2011 and 2013

Introduction: National chronic dialysis data have had impact in the treatment planning. Objective: To report data of the annual survey of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology about chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis in July 2013 and compare with 2011-12. Methods: A survey based on data of dialysis units from the whole country. The data collection was performed by using a questionnaire filled out on-line by the dialysis units. Results: Three hundred thirty four (51%) of the dialysis units in the country answered the questionnaire. In July 2013, the total estimated number of patients on dialysis was 100,397. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of chronic maintenance dialysis were 449 (range: 284 in the North region and 622 in the South) and 170 patients per million population, respectively. The estimated number of new patients starting dialysis in 2013 was 34,161. The annual gross mortality rate was 17.9%. For prevalent patients, 31.4% were aged 65 years or older, 90.8% were on hemodialysis and 9.2% on peritoneal dialysis, 31,351 (31.2%) were on a waiting list of renal transplant, 30% were diabetics, 17% had PTH levels > 600 pg/ml and 23% hemoglobin 600 pg/ml e 23% hemoglobina < 10 g/dl. Cateter venoso era usado como acesso em 15,4% dos pacientes em hemodiálise. Conclusão: O número absoluto de pacientes em diálise tem aumentado 3% ao ano nos últimos 3 anos. As taxas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes em diálise ficaram estáveis, e a taxa de mortalidade tendeu a diminuir em relação a 2012. Houve tendência a melhor controle da anemia e dos níveis de PTH.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal da BahiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUniversidade Federal FluminenseFaculdade de Medicina do ABCUNIFESPSciEL

Chronic Dialysis in Brazil - Report of the Brazilian Dialysis Census, 2011

INTRODUCTION: National data on maintenance dialysis are important for treatment planning. AIM: To describe the results of the dialysis census of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology for 2011 and observed trends from 2000 to 2011. METHODS: A survey was conducted using questionnaire filled online by the dialysis units, with July as reference month for estimates. From a total of 645 units, 353 (54.9%) responded to the survey. RESULTS: The estimated number of patients on dialysis in Brazil was 91,314 in 2011 (42,629 in 2010; 92,091 in 2011). For approximately 85% of the patients the treatment was provided by the Brazilian Unified Health Care System. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates in 2011 were 475 and 149 maintenance dialysis patients per million population, respectively. For prevalent patients, 90.6% were on hemodialysis, 31.5% 65 years of age or older, 28% diabetic and 35.5% (n=32,454) on waiting list for transplantation in 2011. The estimated number of patients starting dialysis in 2011 was 28,680 (18,972 in 2010) and annual mortality rate 19.9% (17.9% in 2010). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate pronounced increase in the dialysis population across the years in Brazil with a trend for stabilization in the last two years. The reason for the increase in incidence and mortality in 2011 deserves investigation. A large number of patients were on waiting list for renal transplantation. By providing a picture of the situation and trends on maintenance dialysis treatment in Brazil the census is useful to guide resources allocation and interventions to improve treatment quality.INTRODUÇÃO: Dados nacionais sobre diálise crônica são fundamentais para o planejamento do tratamento. OBJETIVO: Descrever resultados do censo de diálise da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia referentes a 2011 e tendências observadas de 2000 a 2011. MÉTODOS: Levantamento utilizando questionário preenchido on-line pelas unidades de diálise do Brasil usando julho de 2011 como referência para estimativas. Do total de 643 unidades com programa dialítico crônico, 353 (54,9%) responderam. RESULTADOS: O número estimado de pacientes em diálise no Brasil em 2011 foi 91.314 (42.629 em 2000, 92.091 em 2010). Para aproximadamente 85% dos pacientes, o tratamento foi pago com recursos do SUS. As estimativas de prevalência e incidência para 2011 foram de 475 e 149 pacientes em diálise por milhão da população, respectivamente. Entre prevalentes, 90,6% estavam em hemodiálise, 31,5% tinham idade > 65 anos, 28% eram diabéticos, e 35,5% (n=32.454) estavam em fila de espera para transplante. Para 2011, o número estimado de pacientes iniciando diálise foi 28.680 (18.972 em 2010) e a taxa anual de mortalidade 19,9% (17,9% para 2010). CONCLUSÕES: Os dados indicam aumento pronunciado da população em diálise no Brasil ao longo dos anos, com tendência a estabilização nos dois últimos anos. As razões para aumento da incidência e mortalidade em 2011 merecem investigação. É grande o número estimado de pacientes em fila de espera para transplante renal. O censo fornece um quadro da situação e tendências da diálise no Brasil, sendo, portanto, útil para orientar alocação de recursos e intervenções que melhorarem a qualidade do tratamento.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de MedicinaUniversidade Federal da Bahia Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia Departamento de MedicinaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Medicina InternaUniversidade Federal Fluminense Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Medicina InternaHospital São João de DeusFaculdade de Medicina do ABC Departamento de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de MedicinaSciEL

Indicadores emocionais de Koppitz no desenho da figura humana: comparação entre uma amostra clínica e escolares

One of the instruments most used in the psychological evaluation of children is the Human Figure Drawing (hfd), which has several scoring systems. The Koppitz Developmental Scale is one of the most known and used worldwide, in which the presence of maturational indicators for the evaluation of the child’s development and of emotional indicators is verified to determine impairments in this area. A review of the literature has indicated that although many studies used the hfd, there is controversy regarding these indicators. The use of this technique justifies the relevance of this research. The objective of the current research was to investigate the items proposed by Koppitz, which aim at assessing emotional difficulties, by comparing a group of children who sought psychological counseling to a control group without mental complaints. The sample was of 74 children aged 6 to 11 years, who sought psychological treatment with various complaints, and a control group of 74 students matched by age, sex and type of school without emotional challenges. The application was individual and occurred in the care clinics for the first group and in the schools for the control group. The results signified that emotional indicators help to distinguish children with emotional problems; in general, their drawings were affected by these difficulties, which contributes to confirm the validity of hfd for psychological evaluation in Brazil.Keywords: Psychological assessment, human-figure drawing, maturational indicators by Koppitz, emotional indicators by Koppitz.Uno de los instrumentos más empleados en la evaluación psicológica infantil es el dibujo de la figura humana (DFH), que posee diversos sistemas de puntuación. Uno de los más utilizados internacionalmente es el de Koppitz, en el cual se verifica la presencia de indicadores de maduración para la evaluación del desarrollo del niño, y de indicadores emocionales para determinar compromisos en esa área. Una revisión de la literatura indicó que aunque muchos estudios se han hecho con el DFH, hay controversia sobre estos indicadores. El uso de esta técnica justifica la relevancia de esta investigación. El presente estudio investigó los ítems propuestos por Koppitz para la evaluación de dificultades emocionales comparando una muestra de 74 niños en el rango de edad de 6 a 11 años, que buscaron atención psicológica con quejas diversas, con un grupo de control de 74 escolares emparejados por edad, sexo y tipo de escuela, sin quejas emocionales. La aplicación fue individual y ocurrió en las clínicas de atendimiento, para el primer grupo, y en las escuelas, para el grupo control. Los resultados mostraron que los indicadores emocionales diferenciaron a los niños con dificultades emocionales, que, en general, tienen sus dibujos afectados por ellas, lo que contribuyó en la confirmación de la validez del DFH para evaluación emocional en Brasil.Um dos instrumentos mais empregados na avaliação psicológica infantil é o Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH), que possui diversos sistemas de pontuação, sendo um dos mais utilizados internacionalmente o de Koppitz, no qual é verificada a presença de Indicadores Maturacionais para avaliação do desenvolvimento da criança, e de Indicadores Emocionais, para determinar comprometimentos nessa área. Uma revisão da literatura indicou que, embora muitos estudos tenham sido feitos com o DFH, existe controvérsia a respeito desses indicadores. O uso dessa técnica justifica a relevância dessa pesquisa. A presente pesquisa investigou os itens propostos por Koppitz para avaliação de dificuldades emocionais, comparando uma amostra de 74 crianças, na faixa etária de 6 a 11 anos, que buscaram atendimento psicológico com queixas diversas, com um grupo controle de 74 escolares pareados por idade, sexo e tipo de escola, sem queixas emocionais. A aplicação foi individual e ocorreu nas clínicas de atendimento para o primeiro grupo e nas escolas para o grupo controle. Os resultados indicaram que os Indicadores Emocionais diferenciaram as crianças com dificuldades emocionais, que em geral têm seus desenhos afetados por tais dificuldades, contribuindo para confirmar a validade do dfh para avaliação emocional no Brasil.Palavras-chave: avaliação psicológica, desenho de figuras humanas, indicadores maturacionais de Koppitz, indicadores emocionais de Koppitz

In-hospital and late outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in a center with intermediate volume of structural procedures

ABSTRACTBackgroundPercutaneous mitral valvuloplasty is the treatment of choice for rheumatic mitral stenosis with favorable anatomy, for its ability to prevent complications inherent to a surgical procedure, while maintaining effectiveness. It is necessary to promote comparisons between the results obtained by the procedure performed at referral centers with high patient inflow and at institutions with lower volume and fewer patients, which represents the main objective of this study.MethodsThirty-one consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty were analyzed from September 2006 to January 2015. Immediate procedural success and late event-free survival rates were evaluated, defined as cardiovascular death or need for a new mitral valve intervention.ResultsThe mean age was 40.9 ± 14.2 years, with a predominance of females (96.8%). The mean Wilkins and Block score was 8.1 ± 1.2. All procedures were performed using the Inoue technique, with an immediate success rate of 90.3%. At mean follow-up of 6.8 ± 2.5 years, seven events (22.6%) were observed: two cardiovascular deaths, four surgeries for mitral valve replacement, and one mitral commissurotomy.ConclusionsIn a hospital with intermediate procedure volume, the results of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in the treatment of rheumatic mitral stenosis with favorable anatomy were comparable to those achieved by high-volume centers